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Risks of being on diet for middle - aged women
Plachá, Barbora ; Marádová, Eva (advisor) ; Hanušová, Jaroslava (referee)
The bachelor work focuses on the risks of women's diets in middle age (45 - 60 years of age). The work is divided into theoretical and practical part. Theoretical part characterises generally the period of menopause which just emerges in the women's middle age. It refers to the basic principles of rational eating. It regards the issues of overweight and obesity and related reduction diets and their impact on health conditions of women. Based on the technical findings, the work makes recommendations how to adjust a diet in a suitable way. Practical part includes the questionnaire inquiry which is aimed at women's eating habits and their experience with reduction diets. The individual results are evaluated and discussed in the conclusion of the study. The results of the questionnaire survey indicate apparent lack of information of middle - aged women especially in terms of health risks related to reduction diets.
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The Evolution of Menopause and Duration of Reproductive Life-span in Humans and it's Comparison with Social Mammals.
Fuxová, Helena ; Brůžek, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Blažek, Vladimír (referee)
This paper concludes basic information about reproductive life-span in humans, however the special emphasis is placed on a synthesis of available knowledge about the existence and evolution of menopause and postreproductive period. Based on published data, the paper focuses on the occurrence of these phenomena, not only in humans but also in other social mammals. Subsequently, this paper finds out that the termination of reproduction followed by postreproductive life-span is not only present in humans, but similar phenomena can be found also in other taxa. The special attention is given to the primates and the cetaceans, where the menopause phenomenon is being well studied. Moreover, to present a more complex and in-depth view into the topic, it is also crucial to mention a different point of view by the short insight into the existence of the menopause in other vertebrata and invertebrates. Moreover, there are compared phenomena of menopause and postreproductive period of humans and other representatives of the animal kingdom. Bachelor's thesis is the finding that menopause or end of reproduction followed by postreproductive life-span are phenomena more common than it is generally believed. The subsequent goal is a critical look at the main theories about the evolution of menopause in humans (" The...
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Needs of women in menopause
PERSANOVÁ, Eva
The bachelor's work deals with the issues of menopause and changes, which take place in a woman's life in connection with it. The work is divided into a theoretical and a research part. At the beginning of the theoretical part there is a definition of the term "menopause", which is followed by the definition of the physiology of this period and hormonal changes which come up in the course of menopause. An integral part of the theoretical section is the description of climacteric syndrome, both organic estrogen deficiency syndrome and metabolic estrogen deficiency syndrome. Another important part of the work is the therapy of menopause, which is focused both on hormonal therapy and alternative one. Subsequently, the bachelor's work describes the needs of woman, not only in the period of menopause. This part of the work pays great attention especially to the issues of sleep, physical exercise, nutrition and sexuality, which are the aspects that undergo the greatest changes in this significant period in a woman's life. The theoretical part also points out education. First, the general term "education" is described, and the end of the theoretical part is dedicated to education during menopause, which is carried out by a midwife. The goal of the bachelor's work was to find out whether menopause influenced the lives of women. Two research questions were asked: How are the needs of women being altered during menopause? How are women educated by a midwife during menopause? Qualitative investigations were utilized for the research. The gathering of data was carried out through semi-structured interviews. In the course of an interview, women were asked 11 questions prepared in advance. The research group was composed of ten women passing through menopause. The interviews with the women were conducted in the surgery of a district gynaecologist, who had provided her consent to the research investigation in writing beforehand. The women were informed that they would remain in anonymity, were familiarized with the purpose of the research and all the respondents were willing to sign an "Application for Consent to Cooperation." The research investigation took place in March 2015. The interviews with the women were continuously written down, recorded and subsequently analysed. Based on the answers acquired they were divided into main categories and subcategories, by means of marking the texts in colour, the aim being to ascertain agreements in the opinions of the women asked and their experience. The first main category inquired into how the women felt at the beginning of menopause. This category was divided into five subcategories, which dealt with the beginning of menopause, changed needs, lifestyle, health risks associated with menopause and therapy of menopause. The second category was focused on education by a midwife and was divided into three subcategories: Familiarization with the problem, Recommendations of a midwife relating to menopause and Source of information. The results showed in which areas the women were influenced by menopause most. Most frequently the women were troubled by hot flushes and sweating, which were the causes of insomnia and tiredness. Due to menopause the women identified the greatest changes in the following areas: need of social interaction, which was caused by their unpleasant feelings because of hot flushes and sweating, need to eat, need of sleep and rest and need of physical exercise. The research investigation pointed out an ineffective education on the part of the midwife, who was without any personal initiative she failed in her task to acquaint the women with this hard period of life and to help them manage the symptoms of menopause. The bachelor's work pointed out the areas in which changes occurred after menopause had began, and also pointed out an insufficient education of the women by the midwife.
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The role of a nurse in prevention of injuries with women patients with osteoporosis aiming at women in menopause
ŽAMBOCHOVÁ, Pavla
Injury rate among seniors has been increasing rapidly in the Czech Republic recently. Women in menopause with osteoporosis diagnosed form a large group. These are so called low-energy injuries, which are closely linked to increased mortality among old people. This issue is not only related to healthcare, but also to social and economic spheres. Proper education in prevention of injury occurrence in women with this diagnosis is one of the key means leading to reduction of the number of osteoporotic fractures. The Code of Ethics of the International Council of Nurses points out the obligation of a nurse to take responsibility in prevention sphere. The theoretical part of the thesis deals with characteristics of the menopause period, development of osteoporosis, the most frequent osteoporosis related injuries prevention, and an outline of social and economic impact of the injury rate. The practical part deals with a research performed on patients of the orthopaedic outpatient department of the Tábor Hospital. Six women with diagnosed osteoporosis in menopause were chosen. The main goal of the work was to find out what role a nurse from an orthopaedic outpatient department plays in prevention of injuries in women with osteoporosis, whether patients are aware of injury prevention possibilities, which form of provision of such information is best appreciated by the patients and whether the patients apply their knowledge of prevention to practice. A qualitative research in the form of non-standardized interview with open questions prepared in advance was performed. The interviews were conducted individually with each patient. A framework analysis based on the results from the interviews was performed and category groups formed. Processing of the results revealed that the information on prevention of injury in osteoporosis provided to the patients by the orthopaedic outpatient department was poor. Nurses are involved in this prevention activity just marginally or not at all. Complex identification of the problem might be the topic of further research. It might be necessary to find out whether insufficient time, poor knowledge of the problem or indifferent attitude to the problem is the reason. On the other hand only some of the patients apply their obtained knowledge to practice. We can however conclude from the interviews that provision of general information on prevention and the risks of injuries might inspire women to modification of their present way of life. Organization of group lectures with the possibility to obtain printed complex data of this society-wide problem seems to be a suitable form of providing information.
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Changes in body weight during the life of women
VELKOVÁ, Eva
The bachelor thesis summarizes basic information about the changes of body weight throughout the woman´s life and dedicates to their issues. It deals with risk periods during the life of women related to body weight changes and presents the current scientific findings and recommendations in this area. In this work, two objectives were set. The first objective was to detect changes in a body weight during a woman's life, another objective was to determine how women are informed about changes in their body weight. The theoretical part describes the changes in the body weight at different stages of the life of women. Here, it deals principally with the increasing body weight and the related need to achieve and maintain an optimal weight. It also describes the recommended energy and biological value of food in the various essential periods of women, which has some influence on their body weight. It also deals with the principles of a proper diet and lifestyle. In particular, it focuses on the main elements, namely: the adequacy of energy intake with respect to the need and expenditure, the distribution of food in different parts of the day, an exercise, prevention of stress and getting enough sleep. In the practical part there are presented results of the research focused on the issue outlined above. The research, carried out in a questionnaire form, is dedicated to the body weight at different critical periods, the analyzing somatometric data, eating habits after the onset of menopause and awareness of this issue by women of the South-Bohemian region. It results from the results of the work that women changed their weight after menopause as compared with their previous weight. By contrast, the research shows that women did not change their eating habits in this critical period at all. The research also shows that women do not have enough information on the justness to keep their body weight, not to increase the weight after menopause. The research further shows that women have no information on the principles of the healthy diet in the period after postmenopausal.
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Tender and demand of midwifery services in the female population
GAŠPARÍKOVÁ, Renata
The subject of this bachelor´s thesis is the offer and the demand for services of midwives in the female population. The theoretical part focuses on the competencies and the role of midwives in the care of women at every stage of their lives. There were set two goals to working out this thesis. Objective 1: Determine what is the demand for midwifery services to women. Objective 2: Determine what is the offer of services of midwives for women. For research survey, the quantitative and qualitative method of research was selected. In the quantitative research, there was chosen the questionnaire method specified for women of reproductive age 15-45 and for women in menopause aged 46-70. Hypothesis 1 ?Women are interested in psycho-prophylactic preparation for childbirth? has been confirmed. Hypothesis 2 ?Women are interested in visiting service in the puerperium? has also been confirmed, but Hypothesis 3 ?Women seek midwives services in the menopausal period? has not been confirmed. In the qualitative research, there was used the technique of nonstandardized interview. The research group consisted of three private midwives and three midwives working in private gynecological surgeries. The research question No. 1 ?Do the midwives offer services to clients across the full range of care?? was replied by private midwives that they provide mainly only antenatal education for pregnant women and counseling in the postpartum period. Midwives in private offices provide minimal services to women, only when they have time they offer advice to women during menopause. By the research question No. 2 ?Is there a difference between services of private midwives and midwives working in gynecological surgeries??, there was found out that private midwives focus only on pregnant women and women during the postpartum period. Midwives in private offices mostly assist to doctors, they have no time for other activities. By mapping the situation there was found only low foreknowledge about the offer and demand for services of midwives. To increase the awareness there will be used an educational campaign by information leaflets.
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Benefits and effects joga relaxation in different types of health problems
BIERHANZLOVÁ, Hana
Bachelor thesis is focused on the effects of yoga relaxation and its influence on women health before and during menopause. The first part works with analysis of literature, such as yoga, its history, directions, and the inclusion of yoga into daily life and changes in the life of women, which brings Climacterium. The second - practical part is based on setting and aplication of interventional movement programme. The following research focuses on findings, whether the yoga relaxation is really able to influence particular health troubles and to bring women specific benefits and effects that make theirs lives pleasant and comfortable.
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