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Seasonal development, long-term changes and effect of extreme events on macrozoobenthos of acidified brooks in headwater catchments of Litavka, the Brdy Mountains
Beneš, Filip ; Tátosová, Jolana (advisor) ; Peltanová, Jana (referee)
This Master thesis was focused on seasonal development of macrozoobenthos for season 2009-2010, its long-term changes and effects of extreme events on acidified brooks in headwater catchments of the Litavka river in the Brdy Mountains (the Czech Republic). The extreme events are considered: drought, floods and deforestation. Changes in composition of macrozoobenthos were compared with the previous research, which was provided there for season 1999-2000. Headwater catchment of the Litavka river consist of two streams: strongly acidified Litavka-krmelec (LK) and slightly acidified Litavka-hlavní (LH), which is taken as a reference stream. Measured pH levels of LK were in range of 4,00-4,22 (with median 4,10) and concentration of reactive aluminium (R-Al) were in range of 1381-2187 µg.L-1 (with median 1692 µg.L-1 ). Measured pH levels of LH were in range of 4,74-6,22 (with median 5,62) and concentration of reactive aluminium (R-Al) were in range of 8-400 µg.L-1 (with median 33 µg.L-1 ). Concentrations of R-Al are observed due to toxic forms of Al3+ ions on aquatic organisms. The significant differences in composition of macrozoobenthos were also observed. On strongly acidified study site LK were not present acidosensitive groups, such as mayflies, molluscs and some species of caddisflies. All of these...
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Assessment of water quality and physical river habitat chages in the interaction on macroinvertebrates.
Altmann, Martin ; Matoušková, Milada (advisor) ; Benešová, Libuše (referee)
Streams are an important part of the most ecosystems, they help them to maintain their stability and function. They should therefore be the subject of study and especially protection. For their monitoring and assessment of ecological status is increasingly used biomonitoring of benthic fauna, which well reflects the biotic and abiotic conditions in physical habitats of streams. These abiotic conditions of physical habitats which are shaped by physical and chemical factors are the subject of literature search part of this work. The second part is about the research in experimental catchments of Zbytinský brook and Tetřívčí brook, tributaries of headwater Blanice river which springs in the foothills of the Šumava mountain range. The research took place on 5 sampling sites which are different in hydromorphological parameters and rate of human activities impact. There was assessed water quality following the previous research and its relationship with discharge conditions. In the case of Tetřívčí brook, there was also assessed physical habitat and macrozoobenthic community. Zbytinský brook catchment was in the past significantly affected by agricultural activities. The main reach, which flows through Zbytiny village with 300 inhabitants, and its tributaries were meliorated. The only one tributary...
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The use of artificial substrates for evaluation of effluent water quality from organic and conventional carp ponds
GRACÍK, Jan
The objective of this diploma thesis was to evaluate the quality of the water after flow through the ponds with conventional (Blatensko, Czech Republic) and organic (Waldviertel, Austria) technologies using the colonization of artificial substrates by macrozoobenthos (MZB) to asses the differences in the influence of different managements of pond farming (organic vs. traditional) on water quality. Samplings were performed in monthly intervals (AprilSeptember 2016) at nine inflow and outflow profiles of four ponds. Samples of MZB were processed in the laboratory. Evaluation of MZB was supplemented by in-situ monitoring of basic parameters of the aquatic environment. The resulting values of saprobic index (SI) match the water quality in outlets in the range valid for the beta to alpha mesosabrobity (SI 2.302.62). In the inlets to the Skaličný and Haslauerteich ponds, where the SI value corresponded the betamesosabrobity (SI 2.482.49), the discharged water quality in the outlet was insignificantly (p>0,05) deteriorated to the alphamesosabrobity (SI 2.54 2.62). On the contrary, in the inlet to the Gebhartsteich pond, where the value SI matched the alphamesosabrobity (SI 2.57), water quality in the outlet was insignificantly (p>0,05) slightly improved (SI 2.54), but the degree of saprobity has not changed. Similarly, in the inlet to the Pančár pond, where the SI value matched betamesosabrobity (SI 2.30), the outlet water quality was insignificantly (p>0,05) slightly deteriorated (SI 2.33), however again the degree of saprobity remained unchanged. Water quality changes after the flow through the investigated ponds resulted in the increase of the diversity index (H´) and vice versa (the worse water quality the lower H´). According to the analysis of the data of environmental conditions in organic and conventional carp ponds, they did not differ significantly. Also the species richness and the total number of individuals were not significantly different. The results of this diploma thesis demonstrated that the applied organic technologies of fish culture in monitored ponds did not have any significant impact (improvement) on the quality of aquatic environment and the composition of macrozoobenthos in the recipients of farm outflows, and also that no significant differences (deterioration) can be documented in the outflows from conventional ponds compared to the organic pond farming management.
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The food of pikeperch (Sander lucioperca) fry in ponds with different kinds of management
URBÁNEK, Marek
The aim of this study was a comphensive assessment of the food of pikeperch fry in the monoculture rearing from the stage of summer fry to the stage of autumn fry in ponds with three different types of management and assessment of the influence of individual treatments for pikeperch production. The experiment was performed in small ponds in experimental facility of FFPW in Vodňany. The variants of pond treatment were: a) ponds with additional prey fish (fry of common carp (C. carpio) and grass carp (C. idella)), b) ponds with installed substrate from heather, c) control variant without any support of natural food of pikeperch. All treatments had four repetitions. Rearing of pikeperch fry lasted 97 days. In all treatments, the opportunistic food strategy of pikeperch fry was recorded during the whole period of rearing and the main recorded food was macrozoobenthos, especially insect larvae. Bigger species of zooplankton had also been often found in the stomachs of pikeperch. Considerable development of macrozoobenthos in all experimental ponds was probably caused by the presence of submerged macrophytes. Thus, this factor made harder to estimate influence of installed substrates from heather for production of pikeperch fry and composition of its food. In the treatment with prey fish, the total length (F (9. 450) = 91.1; p < 10-3) and weight (F (9. 450) = 61.9; p < 10-3) of pikeperch fry were for the whole period of rearing significantly higher in comparison to the other treatments. In addition, the survival of pikeperch in the treatment with prey fish reached to 56 - 92,4 % at the end of rearing. In the treatment with substrate from heather, the total length and weight of pikeperch was significantly higher in comparison to the control treatment only in the first term of sampling. In the rest of pikeperch fry rearing period were the values comparable or higher in control treatment. Thus, for the rearing of pikeperch from the stage of summer fry to the stage of autumn fry is appropriate to stock prey fish in ponds. In comparison to installation of artificial substrate, the diversity of water environment, which is subsequently able to provide sufficiently wide natural food for reared pikeperch, seems to be more decisive.
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Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in macroinvertebrates: relationship between concentrations and organism size
Hanzlíková, Lenka ; Dočkalová, Kateřina (advisor) ; Hořická, Zuzana (referee)
The size of benthic organisms is one of many possible factors affecting resultant concentrations of metals accumulated in organisms from surrounding water environment. Partial information is presented in research publications which state this dependency with different conclusions. So far the dependence was not unequivocally interpreted. Relationship between concentration and body size may differ among various metals and also between individual species of macroinvertebrates. This bachelor thesis is a research of professional literature and its result is analysis of existing knowledge of types of this dependancy and comparison of individual representatives of aquatic invertebrates and individual metals. Significance of the trend of dependence as a factor having the influence on the final interpretation of data on the concentrations of monitored substances, especially heavy metals is to be assessed. Result of this work should facilitate the interpretation of data for future analysis of heavymetals in aquatic invertebrate organisms. Keywords: bioaccumulation, heavy metals, macroinvertebrates
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Vliv kořenové čistírny na makrozoobentos recipientu
Sokolová roz. Jeřábková, Helena
This diploma thesis elaborates on the influence of constructed wetlands on macrozoobenthos of the respective recipients. Constructed wetlands near the town of Hostětín were chosen for this research project, as well as its recipient Kolelač river delta where cleaned water is drained into. The report also contains analysis of Kolelač's stream area which took place during April 2013 under the auspices of the TA02020128 project by T.G.Masaryk Water Research Institute Brno. Investigation was performed in five sites labeled L1-L5. Of these, L3 was placed in the vicinity below the outfall of constructed wetlands. The research involved a one-time collection of quantitative and qualitative samples of macrozoobenthos by the so called PERLA method. Different characteristics for each facility were analyzed in order to carry out a comprehensive survey. This included for example: abundance, amount of taxons; diversity; taxonomic composition of microzoobenthos; as well as other ecological factors of Kolelač stream quality affected by the constructed wetlands. Macrozoobenthos' studied using abiotic factors demonstrate that the L3 drainage area in closest proximity to constructed wetlands is more polluted than other locations. Analysis by a multi-metric index ranked L3 into the 3rd group, indicating that a medium ecological water quality was present, whereas other locations are ranked into the 5th group with the highest ecological quality of water.
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Species diverzity of macroinvertebrates of selected streams on the right bank of Lipno.
VLÁŠEK, Ondřej
In my diploma thesis I reviewed the results of the collection of makrozoobentos and water chemistry on three streams, which are located on the right bank of the Lipno dam. This is a Bukový, Horský and Mlýnský stream. On these streams I watch a chemical properties of conductivity, pH and alkalinity. Of the biological i wathc diversity of each group of makrozoobentos and their abundance. I then compared the results with the values from the previous years, and assessed the gradual development of these aquatic communities.
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Rychlost kolonizace nově vybudovaných rybníků makrozoobentosem
Petrovajová, Veronika
Presented diploma thesis deals with the topic of colonisation of newly build fishponds by macrozoobenthos organisms. Most of the authors devote to colonisation of running or periodic waters but colonisation of standing waters is more likely neglected topic. Observed locality is placed in the Northern Moravia. Three fishponds in the newly created pond system were sampled from spring till autumn during the first year after building. Qualitative samples of aquatic biota were taken by hand-net. Macrozoobenthos of fishponds was evaluated from the taxonomic structure and abundance point of view. Due to the high proportional representation of Chironomids and a lack of autecological demands of particular taxa, distribution of organism into particular functional groups was not realized. The influence of fish stock as well as short time period from the pond creation were assessed as the main factors of low taxonomic composition and low abundance of macrozoobenthos. Simultaneously, the physicochemical parameters (temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH and conductivity) of water of fish ponds were monitored. Those were assessed as suitable for stated fishponds types and should not eliminate neither the rearing of fish nor the presence of aquatic invertebrates.
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Makrozoobentos řeky Svratky -- změny složení společenstva makrozoobentosu v podélném profilu
Kadeřábek, Petr
This thesis deals with the observation of a change of macroinvertebrate in the longitudinal profile of the river Svratka. The monitoring of macroinvertebrate was accomplished at se-ven locations of the Svratka river during the july of 2012. Samples were collected from various locations by the workers of Mendel university and subsequently processed and determined in the university laboratory by the author of the thesis. The diversity of species and thein abundance were evaluated. On these seven sites were found a total of eleven groups of macroinvertebrate, with the largest groups of Ephemeroptera, Coleoptera, Dipte-ra and Trichoptera The taxonomic composition and abundance were evaluated from the obtained data. Both factors were changing towards the flow of the river. Taxonomic com-position got richer and abundance got slightly increased. The taxonomic composition of macroinvertebrates was changing in the longitudinal profile of the river. The examined stretch of the river Svratka is relatively stable, no significant changes were noted.
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Effect of ponds and pond systems on the composition of the benthos in horní Lužnice
SVAČINA, Petr
The work is focused on monitoring changes in benthic communities in the longitudinal gradient of the river Lužnice. The river flows through to the pond area Třeboňsko and the largest pond of the Czech Republic - Rožmberk. It is examine affect of pond on benthic communities. The work involves collecting benthos according to the PERLA method on four profile in four seasons, the analysis of chemical parameters and data processing. The values of SI (saprobiological index) in the longitudinal gradient were from SI 1.8 to SI 2.6. SI values were at the outflow of Rožmberk higher than at inflow. The lowest values were in the first profile Suchdol (SI 1,8 ? SI 2,1) and higher values were in the last profile Vlkov (SI 2,4 ? 2,6). The chemical parameters at outflow were observed increased values of BOD5, TOC, NL105, NL505, chlorophyll and total P but lower values of nitrogen forms (Ntotal,NH4, N-NO3-). On the each profile was the significant change in the incidence or absence of certain groups. Profiles Suchdol and Hlína were diferent than Lužnice and Vlkov especially in the presence of stoneflies, dragonflies, beetles, and individuals generally indicates good water quality. Profiles at outflows from Rožmberk (Lužnice and Vlkov) showed a continued presence of bloodsuckers and more species indicating high organic pollution. NMDS method confirmed impact of sites in communities rather than period (R2 = 0.6 at significance level of p = 0.001).
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