|
|
Changes of landscape structure in the different landscape types
Lebduška, Lukáš ; Romportl, Dušan (advisor) ; Chuman, Tomáš (referee)
Landscape structure is affected by combination of human and natural influences. Changes, which took place in landscape structure of Czechia depends on degree and intensity of human influence in different types of landscape. This work was devoted to problematics of landscape structure changes, which took place between years 1950 and 2018, and how did they affected the landscape microstructure and land cover in different landscape types. These changes were computed in model location of 1x1 km in size, set by random selection in landscape types. These model locations were compared based on aerial photography from fifties of twentieth century and from year 2018, and on their basis were computed landscape metrics and analysed land cover. The changes which took place in these locations were the compared. The calculations had proved the difference in change of landscape structure, especially by homogenization of landscape. In these changes are evident differences, specific for each landscape type. Keywords: landscape structure, landscape heterogeneity, land-use, landscape metrics, change of landscape
|
|
|
The European Greenbelt - landsdcape structure and connectivity
Andrš, Vojtěch ; Romportl, Dušan (advisor) ; Chuman, Tomáš (referee)
European Green Belt, a biological corridor and a remnant of the Iron Curtain, intersecting Europe from the north to the south and extending from the shores of Barents Sea to the shores of the Mediterranean and Black Sea, is utterly unique phenomenon not only because its diversity, position and extend. By the fall of the Iron Curtain in 1989 significant fragmentation of this area has begun. In this thesis a literature research of landscape connectivity and structure was done. Development of landscape structure in the area of European Green Belt from 1990 to present and its fragmentation was compared in practical part of the thesis. Key words: European Green Belt, landscape structure, landscape fragmentation, landscape connectivity
|
|
|
Impact assessment of landscape structure on surface water pollution in Krivoklatsko protected area using ArcSWAT
Hanzlová, Markéta ; Matějíček, Luboš (advisor) ; Innemanová, Petra (referee)
The topic of thesis deals with a hydrological model SWAT used for impact assessment of landscape structure on surface water pollution in Krivoklatsko protected area. For this purpose using ArcSWAT in the ArcGIS environment there were built hydrological models of three watersheds of various landscape structure located in the area of interest. The measured data of nitrate were used for these models. Concentration of nitrates in the surface waters were simulated by using these models in the period from 2003 until mid-2014. The statistical evaluation of the models including actual landscape structure did not show satisfactory match of the simulated values with the measured values. Due to the uncertainties of the model, including insufficient quantity of measured nitrates, it was not possible to expect exact results. After validation of basic models, it was important to create new models that would include various scenarios of landscape structure organization. New versions represented changes in the use of land classified as arable land in pasture or mixed forests, in the area around the stream to 250 m and 500 m. Modelling of the impact of individual scenarios on the structure of the landscape structure on nitrate concentrations there was displayed a positive effect of grassing and afforestation of...
|
|
|
Změny struktury krajiny vlivem komplexní pozemkové úpravy ve vybraném území
VACHOVÁ, Nicola
The diploma thesis deals with the change of landscape structure in the selected cadastral area Žabovřesky. The village lies in the South Bohemian Region, 11 km from České Budějovice. The first part of the diploma thesis is focused on description of selected area. Further, the structure of the landscape was evaluated before land improvement and after the design of the land improvement in the area. The changes were plotted in the land use map and the newly created landscape areas were calculated, their size and shape determined. Based on this, the index of the shape was calculated, which led to the evaluation of the results of the landscape landscape change due to the complex land treatment
|
|
|
Landscape factors and their influence on succession and distribution of woody species
Jablonská, Viola ; Vojta, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Tesnerová, Cecílie (referee)
The succession of temperate zone vegetation is a multi-layered process of exchange of plant dominants in which trees play a crucial role. To understand the processes that take place in the context of succession at the level of microhabitats, it is necessary to focus on the wider landscape context. This literature review seeks to answer questions of how factors such as the relief, topography, landscape structure and connectivity of habitat isolation, distance from the source or method of seed dispersal affect the occurrence, distribution and succession of species. The environmental aspects of the landscape are also taken into account and the disturbances that are part of the natural dynamics of ecosystems are briefly discussed. A specific factor is the method of using landscape, known under the term land use. Our handling of space, soil and other natural resources in the country leaves an indelible imprint, which is also reflected in changes in the structures of vegetation.
|
|
|
Evaluation and charges in the extent of non-ferest woody vegetation in landscape
Demková, Katarína ; Lipský, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Chuman, Tomáš (referee) ; Skaloš, Jan (referee)
Non-forest woody vegetation is an important landscape feature of agricultural/rural landscape. Ph.D. thesis deals with evaluation of current state of non-forest woody vegetation, historical development and changes in configuration and composition in landscape. Non-forest woody vegetation was investigated in two physical-geographical different model areas (Kutnohorsko Region and White Carpathians). The thesis is based on own data collected in the field and digitized on historical aerial photos and current ortho-photos. After that, data were analyzed in relation to natural conditions and changes of landscape structure since 50s of 20th century until present. Comparing both model areas, assumed differences in character of non-forest woody vegetation, species composition, dominated type as well as relation to habitats/locations were confirmed. However, rapid changes of landscape structure in the last 60 years were caused by the same driving forces such as re-allotment, mechanization and intensification of agriculture. After 1989, processes such extensification of agriculture and land abandonment played the main role in landscape, especially in mountain regions. The second aim of the Ph.D. thesis was to identify changes in spatial configuration of non- forest woody vegetation in two...
|
|
|
Land cover and landscape structure change due to urban sprawl on the outskirts of Prague
Keprta, Antonín ; Chuman, Tomáš (advisor) ; Romportl, Dušan (referee)
(Sub)urbanization significantly change the character of the landscape in the suburbs. Moving population and economic activities in the hinterland of cities initiates changes of land cover and landscape structure. The landscape becomes more fragmented mainly due to transport infrastructure that binds to the construction of new commercial and residential areas. Characterizing landscape structure is possible using landscape metrics. For the analysis of Prague hinterland was selected 7 landscape metrics (percentage of land cover categories, number of patches, mean patch size, mean shape index, total edge, mean distance to the nearest neighbour and DIVISION index). Metrics were selected based on the research of world literature dealing with the phenomenon of urban sprawl. The aim was to select appropriate metrics describing landscape composition and landscape configuration, but at the same time with clear interpretation. The results suggest that significant changes in the landscape structure occured during period of 55 yaers, in the Prague suburb. Most new buildings, whether residential or commercial, were built especially on former agricultural land. There is obviously lack of protection from the urban sprawl. Keywords: (sub)urbanization, urban sprawl, landscape structure, land cover, landscape metrics
|
|
|
Typology of land cover changes and landscape structure in the post-communist countries of the Central Europe
Kuna, Petr ; Romportl, Dušan (advisor) ; Lipský, Zdeněk (referee)
Study of landscape change is a subject of interest for a wide range of professional work both in the Czech republic and abroad. This thesis therefore does not give a simple description of the changes in the landscape, but rather focuses on the further synthesis of these findings and the subsequent creation of a typology of land cover changes and their impacts on landscape structure in the region of interest, including also its heterogeneity. It is therefore a process of allocated areas that formed and still form the same processes that lead to homogenization of the landscape, as opposed to its fragmentation. Area of interest is so-called Visegrad Group of countries (Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary and Poland). There are four countries of the former Eastern bloc in Central Europe, which shared some relatively similar initial conditions for the further development of the landscape after the "release" of the regime change in 1989. The landscape began to develop in different way. Each country began a different way to approach a completely different landscape interfering in its development. Review starts with describing landscape development in the period up to 1989, when it was not too taken of the ecological functions and the importance of the landscape. This period was characterized by the...
|
|
|
Evaluation of suburbanization in Prague's hinterland - influence on landuse, landscape stability and structure.
Kubečková, Jana ; Kupková, Lucie (advisor) ; Štych, Přemysl (referee)
Evaluation of suburbanization in Prague's hinterland - influence on landuse, landscape stability and structure Abstract The aim of this study is to evaluate the background of suburbanization in Prague, to evaluate the development of landscape, landscape structure and landuse. The first part of this work is devoted to analysis of domestic and foreign literature, which deals with suburbanization and evaluation of landscape structure. Another part is devoted to practical evaluation of the landscape using air photos and satelite pictures and orthophotos in three cadastral in 1994, 2004 and 2007. It concerns the cadastral Šeberov, Hole u Průhonic and Újezd. The evaluations are based on selected factors. It is found that the proportion of buildings and vegetations is increasing all the time and also found that for example scrub and forests were protected from new development. Furthermore, the most significant changes in land use were described and the landscape structure was evaluated according to selected factors. The outputs of this work were maps of land use in different years, maps of stable und unstable areas in different periods, maps of vegetation changes and tables summarizing the results of the evaluation parameters of the structure. Keywords: suburbanization, landscape structure, landuse, patch,...
|
|
|
Collectivization of agriculture and its projection to the landscape. Case study of cadastral area Široký Důl
Kocmanová, Pavlína ; Skaloš, Jan (advisor) ; Bartoš, Michael (referee)
Diplomová práce Kolektivizace zemědělství a její promítnutí do krajiny ABSTRACT I searched changes in the cultural landscape structure in the relation with social processes in the time period 1937-2010 in my thesis. The research refers to the second half of 20th century, or more precisely, to the era of collectivization of Czechoslovak agriculture. In consequence of collectivization, the landscape was ecologically devastated and overall the nature of Czech countryside changed. Analysis of the landscape structure has form of case study of cadastral area of Široký Důl. I interpreted landscape changes from historical aerial photos and then analyzed the changes by geographical information systems. The results of those analyses are indicators (landscape metrics), by which I interpreted conditions of landscape in particular time. I confronted the changes in the landscape structure with social processes, which are described in theoretical part of thesis according to background research. Result of my thesis is general story of particular landscape, whose structure changed fundamentally in consequence of collectivization of agriculture. Key words: landscape structure, collectivization, landscape metrics, GIS, cultural landscape, aerial photos, Široký Důl
|
guest ::
