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Institucionální prostředí a rozvoj znalostní ekonomiky v zemích střední a východní Evropy
Horký, Štěpán
This thesis deals with a relationship between the institutional environment and knowledge economy development in the European Union with an emphasis on the new EU member states from Central and Eastern Europe. First, the thesis describes the state of knowledge economy development in Central and Eastern European countries and then it assesses convergence of the region in the explored area with the old members of the EU. Then, the thesis evaluates the importance of institutional environment for creating conditions for the development of knowledge economy.
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Znalostná ekonomika - aspekt zvyšovania konkurencieschopnosti v EÚ
Vajdová, Katarína
The aim of the thesis is to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the knowledge economy of Member States of the European Union. Individual strengths and weaknesses are analysed, especially in the years 2010 to 2015, depending on data availability. Using panel data regression analysis identified the impacts of selected variables on the development of the knowledge economy. Included are variables public sector and institutional environment. The reference period is 2008 -- 2012. Discussion consists of draft recommendations that would improve the current situation of the knowledge economy in the Member States. The main data sources are Eurostat, OECD, and World Bank.
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Potenciál institucionálního prostředí v České republice pro realizaci PPP projektů
Pávek, Ondřej
Public-private partnership (PPP) projects form a relatively new dimension of funding and implementation of public services. In just a few decades since their inception in the United Kingdom, PPP projects have spread to other highly developed economies and developing countries have tried to implement this concept as well. The concept of Public-private partnership (PPP) and its benefits and potential risks are explained through literature research. From the study of the risks involved I derived demands on the institutional environment that would minimize them. Follows an assessment of the condition of the institutional environment of the Czech Republic and its comparison with other countries. The current situation in the country is so inhospitable to this type of delivery of public services that the promotion of its implementation would, with a high probability, be associated with waste of public resources and delays in the implementation. The institutional environment of the Czech Republic appears to be problematic in terms of corruption, transparency, law, the state of public finances, existence of institutions and government support. At the same time by their very nature, many of these unfavorable parameters of the institutional environment cannot be changed with any one-off action, therefore it wouldn't be useful to try to determine the potential horizon of the Czech Republic's readiness to implement the concept of Public-private partnership.
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Institucionální a politické prostředí a přímé zahraniční investice v tranzitivních ekonomikách
Mádr, Michal
The main aim of the diploma thesis is to identify and quantify influence of institu-tional and political environment on inflows of foreign direct investment in transi-tion economies. The reference period is primarily between 2002 and 2012. The basic indicator of the institutional environment is the concept Governance Matters of World Bank. Regression and correlation analysis is used for quantifica-tion. Results of regression models for transition countries, due to the increasing empirical evidence supporting and generalization of conclusions, are compared with the results for Middle Income Countries. The discussion is divided into three parts. First the differences in influence of institutional environment on inflows of FDI in transition economies and OECD countries are analysed, then differences between the groups of post-socialist countries are evaluated and the third part is focused on importance of democratic and authoritarian regimes in the Balkans states and the former Soviet republics.
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The significance of the institutional environment for innovation activities of enterprises in the Czech Republic
Bízková, Jitka ; Petrášek, František (advisor) ; Gráf, Václav (referee)
This diploma thesis represents an effort to contribute to the solving of the problem of optimal relations between the institutional environment, entrepreneurial activity and innovative activity in terms of securing a higher degree of competitiveness of the current economy in the Czech Republic. The institutional environment is perceived as the rules of the game, under which social interactions take place. When defining the business activity the Schumpeter's theory of creative destruction is not ignored and the issue of innovation activity is viewed from the perspective of institutional change. Various forms of institutional environment are analyzed in the selected European countries (Germany, Finland, Switzerland), whose competitiveness is based on successful innovation activities. The research is extended by the comparison of innovation policies and the analysis of the level of ICT infrastructure of the above mentioned countries. The significance of the institutional framework for innovation activities is evaluated in the final part of the thesis. The content of the corrective measures in the current economic policy of Czech Republic is drawn from the evaluation.
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Theory of the Firm from the view of New Institutional Economics and some Aspects of Institutional Framework Quality in the Czech Republic
Vitík, Robert ; Sirůček, Pavel (advisor) ; Soukup, Jindřich (referee) ; Žák, Milan (referee) ; Mlčoch, Lubomír (referee)
This doctoral thesis presents the basic and the main developments of the theories of the firm rooted in Transaction Cost Theory (TCT). Since the article of Coase on the nature of the firm, this question has been elaborated by number of economists. In my point of view, I would like to introduce the last theory developed by the representative of the school called New Institutional Economics. The theory concentrates on the role of institutions. We distinguish institutions formal and informal. The formal are laws, constitution, regulations, contracts and other written rules. The informal don't require a written form and they represent informal restrictions such as rules of behaviour, conventions, traditions and habits. The main purpose of the institutions in their various forms is mainly to protect property rights, enforce voluntary contracts and establish the physical and regulatory infrastructure to facilitate economic activity. Generally, we can call them the rules of the game. They inform us about possible economic behaviour and give us basic restrictions in this sense. First -- the theoretical part of this thesis, we can find a simple model with human asset specificity based on TCT. The main proposition is that transactions with a high level of asset specificity are more probably internalised because the firm handles better such transactions compared to the market, even if asset specificity increases the cost of coordination in the firm. If the hierarchy, for example through the formation of routines, may enhance the efficiency compared to the market, we can modify the previous model. The model developed according to a Knowledge-based view assumes that asset specificity reduces transaction costs inside the firm and increases transaction costs on the market. In the conclusion of the theoretical part is discussed the reply on first formulate hypothesis if the TCT is still compatible with a newer Capability and Knowledge based view. In my opinion based on the presented arguments and views, both theories are compatible, they can answer more questions and explain more issues. The last step links the aforementioned theories into one Theory of firm boundaries. In the practical part of the thesis, I bring basic arguments about the institutional framework quality in the Czech Republic. These arguments rely on the latest studies of the international institutions such The Transparency International, The Heritage Foundation, The Kurtzman Group and mainly The World Bank. Studies reveal certain weak arrangements concerning for example the number of procedures when starting a business, complicated construction permits, rigidity of working hours, time-consuming and administrative demanding tax system, duration of judicial process which results in ineffective contract enforcement and mainly poor protection of property rights. Taking these disclosures into account we have to say that emergent transaction costs are enormous. These transaction costs influence negatively the competitiveness of the firms and the whole Czech economy. Therefore a negative response to the second hypothesis relating to the quality of the institutional framework in the Czech Republic.
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State balanced budget rule under conditions of the Czech republic
Doležal, Ondřej ; Ryvolová, Ivana (advisor) ; Štěpánek, Pavel (referee)
The purpose of this bachelor thesis is to analyze if the Czech Republic offers sufficient institutional environment to fight state budget deficit, or if it should adopt a "balanced budget rule" which would create such an environment. The thesis presents both a theoretical concept of a balanced budget rule and legislative proposals for its adoption in the Czech Republic. The thesis also deals with existing balanced budget rule in different states of the United States of America and in Switzerland. The institutional environment is then compared to two groups of EU member states running different budget policies between 1998 and 2007. The first group consists of countries keeping a balanced state budget such as Denmark, Ireland and Finland while the second group contains countries running irresponsible budgetary policies such as the Czech Republic, Italy and Hungary.
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Impact of Foreign Aid on Economic Development of Ukraine
Zahorjan, Domicián ; Mládek, Josef (advisor) ; Urban, Luděk (referee)
This bachelor work contains appraisal of effect of foreign aid on economic growth of Ukraine. In theoretic part are described views on economic growth, effect of institutions as one of the most important factors of economic growth. At last, importance of foreign aid is summed up also with principles and philosophy of foreign aid. Analytic part aims at case of Ukraine. It describes Ukraine's situation from economic and political point of view. Next it focuses on institutional enviroment, reasons of Ukraine's fall and economic growth. It evaluate the impact of foreign aid on growth. It depicts operation of extralegal sector on land reform and land-sale moratorium and involvement of foreign aid in Ukraine.
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