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Compensatory schemes for the support of insect populations in open landscape
Jor, Tomáš ; Šípek, Petr (advisor) ; Kadlec, Tomáš (referee)
Insect biodiversity of hay meadows seemingly decreased during the last fifty years due to the land abandonment and radical intensification of agriculture. In contrast to the traditional mowing regime and techniques, nowadays farmers are able to harvest hay from large areas of grasslands with modern machine mowing in a very short time period. This results in a uniform vegetation structure with low food resources for the vast majority of insect species bound to the hay meadows. In order to contradict these trends the European agro-environmental schemes were established. In the Czech Republic these schemes determine specific time and a homogenous regime of mowing. In this thesis we present the results of the study of the effect of uncut grass strips as a compensation measure to promote biodiversity on commercial hay meadows Pitfall traps, yellow pan traps, window traps and individual transects walks were used for monitoring diversity and biomass of intercepted insects and arachnids on 21 sites located in the Český ráj region. The statistical analyses show a (i) significant positive effect of uncut strips on insect biomass and species richness on the treatment sites (Multidimensional analysis (RDA) showed (iv) a positive significant effect of uncut strips on species composition for all studied insect...
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Regulation of insect pheromone biosynthesis
Halmová, Martina ; Pichová, Iva (advisor) ; Valterová, Irena (referee)
Pheromones are compounds emitted by insects and vertebrates that specifically modulate the behaviour of the same species. Based on the role, pheromones are classified into different types such as releaser pheromones, primer pheromones, sex pheromones, aggregation pheromones, alarm pheromones and trail pheromones. Insect pheromones are volatile substances consisting mostly of alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, aromatic compounds and isoprenoids. Pheromone biosynthesis comprises fatty acid and isoprenoid metabolic pathways. Pheromone biosynthesis must be precisely regulated since the pheromone blend consists of a mixture of compounds with defined ratios and chemical structures. The main aim of this thesis is to summarize the published information about insect pheromone biosynthesis and regulation with a focus on pheromones involved in sexual communication. Attention will also be paid to the biotechnological potential of pheromones in targeted pest management with the utilisation of enzymes present in the biosynthesis of pheromones.
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Application of RNA interference to studies on biology of termites
Žalmanová, Anna ; Hanus, Robert (advisor) ; Smýkal, Vlastimil (referee)
The RNA interference (RNAi) mechanism can be used to reduce the expression of a selected gene in an organism. This method, discovered in 1998, has become the "gold standard" in basic biological research with overlaps to applied research and gene therapy in human medicine. For many reasons, RNAi is a suitable tool for the studies on biology of insects. RNAi is endowed with high sequence specificity, low costs, and easy application also in non-model species. Termites (Isoptera) are very sensitive to RNAi and this method is widely used to understand their physiology and ontogeny. The use of RNAi also has a potential in applied termite research and a significant number of publications have focused on the development of RNAi techniques as non-chemical pesticides against economically important termite species. This bachelor thesis aims to give a broad overview of the existing research on termites that uses the RNAi method.
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Hmyz – složka krmiv pro drůbež: ekonomické souvislosti a marketingová strategie.
Konečný, Lukáš
The bachelor thesis deals with insects as a component of poultry feed from economic and marketing view. Thesis is divided into two parts, i.e. literature research, which include history, legislation, expert articles and studies considering insects in poultry feed. Second part of the thesis deals with insects feed from company Underground Food, market research, searching producer of this feed and price comparison of poultry feed with insects. In the end is proposed marketing strategy how to make poultry feed with insects visible on the market.
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Insects - theme for art activities in kindergarten
SNĚŽÍKOVÁ, Anna
The theme of this bachelor thesis are insect themed art activities with preschool children. The theoretical part deals with the development of preschool children and the development of children's art expression. Furthermore, environmental education in preschool age, its goals, means and methods. For a deeper examination of the topic, the theoretical part also includes a chapter focusing on insects in fine art. In the practical part there are realized art lessons, of which each lesson focuses mainly on one kind of insects. Part of each lesson is its subsequent evaluation, which includes answers to research questions using structured observation. The aim of the bachelor's thesis is to understand the topic of insects as a specific topic for art activities of children in kindergarden. And watch how children's relationships and attitudes towards insects change, how it expands their interests.
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Methodology to identify missing genetic resources in culture collections, strategy to fill the gaps
Komínek, Petr ; Komínková, Marcela ; Křížková, Iva ; Krejzar, Václav ; Aulický, Radek ; Kubátová, Alena ; Bár, Ladislav ; Kubizniaková, Petra ; Brožová, Jana ; Lebeda, Aleš ; Eichlerová, Ivana ; Malenovská, Hana ; Hanzalová, Alena ; Mertelík, Josef ; Kavková, Miloslava ; Mrázková, Marcela ; Kmoch, Martin ; Novotný, David ; Pánková, Iveta ; Skuhrovec, Jiří ; Petrželová, Irena ; Svoboda, Petr ; Reichelová, Markéta ; Urban, Marian ; Řezáčová, Veronika ; Valentová, Lucie ; Sedláček, Ivo ; Vendl, Tomáš ; Sedlářová, Michaela
The methodology was created under the National programme on conservation of microbial genetic resources of economical imortance. Its preparation was planned in the beginning of a current period of solving the National programme (2018-2022). The methodology describe procedures for the evaluation of specialization of individual collections from the point of view variability of genetic resources held on the collections. The goal of the methodology is to improve the work of microbial collections for the sustainable conservation of microbial genetic resources.
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Beetle armour
Polášková, Lucie ; Ryška, Pavel (referee) ; Vaněk, Vojtěch (advisor)
The bachelor's thesis deals with the creation of an author's accordion book, examining the relationship between textual and pictorial communication of information. The narrative is thematically set in the stylized realm of insects, where it works with the metaphor of the exoskeleton of the beetle as a portable armor, architecture, or outline. The fictional story deals with the life cycle of a beetle. He wonders how beetles are born and how do they leave the world? The aim of my bachelor thesis is the realization of an atypical prototype of an accordion book, which is located on the border of a building kit, a toy and a book. The realization of the prototype will use traditional techniques, including digitization and image post-production.
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Digestive proteases of termites
Čermáková, Markéta ; Konvalinka, Jan (advisor) ; Ryšlavá, Helena (referee)
Digestive proteolysis in termites has not been studied yet. In this diploma thesis, proteolytic enzymes of the digestive tract of two significant pest species Reticulitermes santonensis and Coptotermes formosanus (Rhinotermitidae) were analyzed. Proteases were identified and quantified in gut compartments using a panel of specific substrates and inhibitors. Major proteases were localized in the midgut and were classified as endogenous serine proteases of trypsin type. Minor cysteine proteases were detected in the paunch and were most likely produced by symbionts. The trypsin protease from R. santonensis was chromatographically isolated and its N-terminal sequence was identified. The physiological importance of the digestive trypsin proteases was demonstrated using selective inhibitors tested in vivo with C. formosanus. Based on the analysis of proteases from additional 12 termite species, a general scheme of digestive proteolysis in the order Isoptera was proposed. (In Czech)
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Methods in research of insects mobility
Jor, Tomáš ; Hadrava, Jiří (advisor) ; Lučan, Radek (referee)
Mobility is one of the basics characteristics of the insects populations. This bachelor thesis presents a compendium of methods used in research of insects mobility. In the first part are described methods of marking individuals utilized for Mark-Recapture studies aiming to study insects movements. First are presented the indirect methods of individuals tracking, further the methods of direct tracking of insects using a radio-telemetry are described. In the second part the thesis focused on modeling of insects mobility using dispersion functions with connection to metapopulation dynamics and a dispersion itself. Difusion model based methods and simpler estimates of movemensts are also presented in this part. Key words: Insects, Mobility, Mark-Recapture, Modeling
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Ecology of pollination networks
Hadrava, Jiří ; Janšta, Petr (advisor) ; Novotný, Vojtěch (referee)
In communities, plants and pollinators are organized into complex network of relations. Description of structure in this network can contribute to understanding of community dynamics and persistence of biodiversity. Better understanding of patterns in assemblages of plants and pollinators may also help in their protection. The aim of this work is to review recent methodological principles in the pollination network analyses and to show potential problems in concept of ecological networks. Graph theory is breefly summarized and applied to the description of pollination networks. As an example, results on comparison of communities from different geographical sites are given.
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