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The awareness of harmful effects of using tobacco products and experience with their usage among pupils of lower secondary stage of selected elementary schools.
Kolářová, Kateřina ; Váchová, Alena (advisor) ; Hanušová, Jaroslava (referee)
The thesis called "The awareness of harmful effects of using tobacco products and experience with their usage among pupils of lower secondary stage of selected elementary schools." is divided into three parts. The theoretical part is devoted to the origin of tobacco products and their chemical composition. It describes the effect of toxic substances contained in tobacco smoke on the human body, characterizes the diseases that are associated with the use of these products, explains the harm of passive smoking, and lists the legislative measures introduced in this area. It also deals with the emergence and treatment of addiction, the use of tobacco by children of older school age and describes preventive measures that appear in Czech schools. In the practical part, it presents the results of quantitative research with 198 respondents, in two elementary schools in the Karlovy Vary region. The target group consisted of pupils of the sixth, seventh, eighth and ninth grades. The results of the research showed that the awareness of these pupils is at a very high level, but some awareness needs to be brought closer to the pupils - especially in the section of diseases caused using tobacco products, legislative measures and in the section of chemical composition of products. The survey also shows that 45,9...
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Eating habits of shiftworkers
KRATOCHVÍLOVÁ, Martina
The bachelor thesis contains a theoretical and a practical part. The theoretical part describes basic diet components, a large part is dedicated to circadian rhythm and its influence on our health. Health risks connected to shiftwork are also mentioned. Further, a hormone known as melatonin that plays a significant role in our sleep, is described. The objective of this bachelor thesis was to map out eating habits of people whose work is run in shifts. The survey was processed using a qualitative method. Data was collected using semi-structured interviews with questions prepared beforehand and a record of weekly diet plans. Interviews were carried out with 10 individuals of medical staff whose work run in 12 full-hour shifts. The results prove that individuals working in shifts include meat and dairy products most often as the source of protein. Protein intake is higher during day shift. Intake of carbohydrates most often comes from bread and side dishes that are a part of meals. Intake of legumes is seldom included in the respondents´ diets. During night shift, smaller portions are consumed and intake of liquids is higher during day shift. Out of the informants´ diet plans we found out that intake of fiber is low. Snacks usually consist of fruit, dairy products or bread and something. The survey has proven that lunch offer is taken advantage of by an insignificant number of informants, dinner is taken advantage of in a minimum of cases. We have also found out that most informants consume food up to midnight during night shifts and until the end of their shift they consume only liquids. Energetic drinks are not an important part of drinking regime in shiftwork. Coffee intake is higher during day shift. The results of this bachelor thesis may serve both, the lay and expert public. Creating an informative leaflet with ditary habit recommendations is a part of this thesis.
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Risks associated with diving and their prevention
DIVIŠOVÁ, Anna
The topic of this bachelor thesis is called: "Risks related to diving and their prevention." The theoretical part is mainly focused on health risks which arise during scuba diving and follow-up prevention of the health risks. Furthermore, the following topics are mentioned in the theoretical part: a history of diving, biophysical concepts, and necessary equipment. Because of this topic, it was important to include chapters about first aid, treatment and medical fitness for diving. A reduction of health risks was chosen as the main objective in the practical part. There were created 3 research questions. 1. What is the training of divers? 2. What is currently the prevention of health damage during diving? 3. How can we reduce the risk of health damage? The qualitative research measurements were used for the creation of the research part of this bachelor thesis. A semi-structured interview containing 24 questions was created to get the data. There were 6 divers chosen for the interviews, 3 professional divers and 3 hobby divers. According to the results, it was found that there is a fundamental difference in the knowledge of the divers about this topic. Very often the risks are caused by insufficient preparedness and knowledge of the diver, not handling of the panic and stress, and a wrong reaction. Disobeying of precautions and principles often contributes to that. The results of this bachelor thesis may be helpful in completing education and information of divers, but also medical staff.
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Obesity as a serious issue to public health of European Union inhibitans
FOŘTOVÁ, Eliška
The topic of my thesis is Obesity as a serious issue to public health of European Union inhabitants and it is composed of two parts, theoretical and practical. In the theoretical part I focus on the definition of obesity, its kinds and various means of assessment of obesity. I further focus on individual macronutrients, water and alcohol, but also on prevention, causes and consequential treatment of obesity. For my bachelor thesis I set 4 goals, which I focus on in the practical part. The first goal was comparison of the level of obesity in the population of the Czech Republic and other EU states, the second was charting of knowledge of the general population about health risks associated with obesity, the third was a survey of eating habits among a selected group of obese individuals over 25 years of age and charting of the content of their diet, the fourth goal was suggestion in terms of lowering the level of obesity in the population. The survey group regarding the second and third goal was composed of 73 obese respondents (with BMI over 29,9) older than 25 years of age, who have filled out a short questionnaire of my own. For the successful completion of the second part of the third goal I processed records of 8 individuals´ diet for a week (4 women and 4 men), entered this data into the Nutriservis software and then compared it with dietary recommendations on macronutrients contained as well as the amount of energy received. According to the results the majority of respondents knows about at least some health risks associated with obesity, only 7% does not know about any. The majority of respondents, however, does not eat according to dietary recommendations, does not consume enough fruits and vegetables, fish and does not drink enough liquid. The diet of the selected group of respondents did in no way meet dietary recommendations. The majority of respondents had an unbalanced income of macronutrients through the week, the average level of protein and fat was higher and the average level of carbohydrates lower than dietary recommendations. In addition, the income of energy was higher than its consumption.
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Hygienická kvalita ryb v 10 údolních nádržích ČR
ŠTEFAN, Daniel
The aim of the theses was to judge the hygienic quality of the most caught and consumed fish species living in 10 Czech water reservoirs according to chosen chemical substances (Hg, Cd, Pb, PCB, DDT, HCH, HCB) in their muscle tissue. The analysed fish were caught between the years 2019 - 2020. The analyses were made by the accredited laboratory of the State Veterinary Institution in Prague. To compare the pollution of individual reservoirs and to compare the results of the monitoring from 2006 - 2010 was as a reference species chosen common bream (Abramis brama). Further, five most frequently caught fish species were taken from each reservoir. The overrun of valid hygienic limit for mercury was found in 15 samples in total out of 6 localities (Lipno, Hněvkovice, Kořensko, Orlík, Skalka and Rozkoš). The highest concentration of mercury (2.948 mg.kg-1) was measured in the mixed sample of muscle tissue of asp fish (Leuciscus aspius) from the Skalka water reservoir. The results of the analysis of other fish muscle tissue from this reservoir proved its continuous strong pollution of mercury. The hygienic limit for the plumb content was overrun in the mixed muscle tissue of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) from Hněvkovice water reservoir in 2019. The repeated analysis in 2020 did not prove an increased contamination of the muscle tissue of the carp from this locality. Other watched pollutants in all samples were below the valid hygienic limit. Statistically important changes of the muscle tissue contamination of common breams by mercury in comparison with the monitoring from the years 2006 - 2010 were found in Lipno, Kořensko, Těrlicko, Žermanice and Skalka localities. However, most of the time there was a connection with different weight of fish used for the analysis. In some localities the increase of PCB was found in comparison with the previous monitoring. The values, however, were deep below the valid hygienic limit. Based on the results of the analysis were also counted recommended numbers of meat portions (170 g) for individual fish species from all localities, possible to be consumed in a month without any health risks. The limiting pollutant in all samples was mercury (or more precisely methylmercury). The results of the thesis proved that the hygienic quality of the fish in all fishing grounds is very good. Certain risk could only be a frequent consumption of predator fish of all sizes. The only exception is the water reservoir Skalka, from which, due to strong contamination with mercury, the consumption of fish cannot be recommended.
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Health impact perceptions of alternative nicotine delivery systems among their users in the Czech Republic
Čukanová, Tereza ; Pánková, Alexandra (advisor) ; Králíková, Eva (referee)
Background: In the Czech Republic, there is over 2 million tobacco addicted people. However, it is difficult to get rid of this addiction unassisted, so some people switch to products with lower health risks. This bachelor's thesis deals with alternative nicotine products, especially heated tobacco and electronic cigarettes, and their impact on human health. Aims: The main aim of this study was to find out how users of nicotine products perceive the health effects on their body and whether they perceive a difference between conventional cigarettes, heated tobacco and electronic cigarettes. Furthermore, to map the use of alternative nicotine delivery products. Methods: Data were obtained in the form of quantitative research using a questionnaire survey. The questionnaire was developed on the basis of Google Forms. Subsequently, the data were transferred to MS Excel 365 and analyzed by means of methods of descriptive and analytical statistics. Results: 144 respondents took part in the survey a total of 180 respondents were approached, 36 respondents did not meet the required criteria. Of the 144 respondents, 67 were women (aged 18-75) and 77 were men (aged 18-75). The survey results show that respondents' attitudes and opinions about alternative products are ambivalent, but they perceive conventional...
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Historical development of the usage of contraception since the end of the 20th century to the present time
Bajerová, Michaela ; Černý, Andrej (advisor) ; Šimonová, Daniela (referee)
The bachelor thesis topic is "Historical development of the use of contraceptives from the end of the 20th century to the present day". It is divided into 2 parts - theoretical and practical. The theoretical part is devoted to the basic and extended division of contraceptives into hormonal and non-hormonal forms. After the basic division, we can find a table of contraceptive reliability. Furthermore, we will find the favourable, unfavourable effects and possible contraindications of hormonal and non-hormonal contraception. The history of each form is also briefly mentioned. In the practical part, I was interested in the different views of three generations of women and examined the historical development of demand for forms of contraception across their reproductive ages. I constructed a total of 3 questionnaires to better distinguish differences of opinion. I obtained responses from a total of 403 respondents in the categories of women born before 1979, between 1980-1989, and born after 1990 inclusive. The pre-constructed hypotheses helped me to evaluate each objective. For the second question, each respondent had to answer whether she had encountered contraceptives at least once; this allowed me to eliminate biased results, and thus only women who had encountered contraceptives more than once...
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5G network – how will it change our lives?
Ondriska, Josef ; Rujbrová, Šárka (referee) ; Jašková, Jana (advisor)
Tato bakalářská práce popisuje koncept páté generace bezdrátových systémů a diskutuje její hlavní přínosy i rizika. Práce uvádí stručný přehled vývoje mobilních komunikačních sítí. Popisuje funkci každé generace a uvádí její vlastnosti. Dále popisuje koncept 5G sítě, uvádí její parametry a klíčové faktory, které vedly k jejímu vzniku. V další části se práce věnuje internetu věcí, uvádí jeho historii a možné uplatnění společně se sítěmi 5G. Jmenuje nejrůznější oblasti využití a definuje, jak bude společnost z této technologie těžit. Závěrem se práce zabývá možnými hrozbami, ať už jde o lživé informace, nebo skutečná rizika jako jsou negativní dopady na lidské zdraví či bezpečnost s ohledem na osobní vlastnictví.
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Eating habits and behaviors of Czech adolescents in relation to their body weight
Paterová, Zuzana ; Hlavatá, Karolína (advisor) ; Vašíčková, Jitka (referee)
The prevalence of obesity in children and adolescents has reached pandemic proportions nowadays. Obese individuals are at risk of cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, musculoskeletal diseases, etc. Children increasingly live a sedentary lifestyle and consume high-energy food with poor combination of nutrients. In the Czech Republic, however, there exist no comprehensive structure for the fight against child obesity and a lack of meaningful data on the prevalence of obesity in adolescent population. This work is drawn up under the project COPAT. The bachelor's thesis deals with the issue of basic nutrients and their relationship to weight, dietary recommendations for adolescents, the assessment of nutritional status, etiology of obesity and obesity-related complications. The main emphasis is placed on the practical part, which focuses on results of the research, which provides information about dietary habits and behaviour of 100 adolescents in relation to their body weight. Key words: obesity, nutrition, nutritional status, adolescents, health risks
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