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Rozdíly v aktivitě spermií hřebců
NOVOTNÁ, Lucie
One of the requirements for a successful artificial insemination is the quality of stallion´s ejaculate. This thesis deals with influence of sperm velocity fraction on fertility. Semen samples in this thesis were evaluated by using an objective computerized method CASA, system SCA. Sperm motility in monitoring was performed in 75 samples from 12 stallions involved in artificial insemination fresh sperm in ZH Písek. Total and progressive motility, rapid, medium and slow motility were monitored. Stallion´s age was from 3-21 years. The average of fertility was 56,19 %. The average of total motility was 78,07 %. The average of progressive motility was 38,35 %. Furthermore, the spermatozoa were divided into 3 velocity fractions and the average percentage of the individual fractions in the samples was as follows: 27,30 % rapid spermatozoa, 21,27 % medium spermatozoa and 29,50% slow spermatozoa. Then the average percentage of rapid progressive spermatozoa (13,43 %), medium progressive spermatozoa (24,92 %) and non-progressive spermatozoa (39,72 %) were found. There was a positive correlation between fertility and the rate of rapid motile spermatozoa (r=0,34). The difference between individual stallions (p-value < 0,01) in the mean percentage of rapid spermatozoa in the ejaculate was demonstrated. The stallion with the highest rate of rapid motile spermatozoa and the best pregnancy was welsh part-bred stallion. On the other hand, the worst pregnancy results and one of the lowest percentages of rapid motile spermatozoa had noriker stallion. The highest success rate of pregnancy was found after the second insemination.The results of this work have shown that the quality of the ejaculate has a very significant effect on good pregnancy but it is just one of many acting factors.
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HODNOCENÍ PLODNOSTI HŘEBCŮ V PŘIROZENÉ PLEMENITBĚ
ZÁHOROVÁ, Pavla
The aim of the bachelor thesis was to collect information about horse reproduction. It was evaluated the outcome of breeding mares and fertility of stallions at the selected breeding station. It was collected information from literary data about factors that influence fertility. The results of the work illustrate data about fertility of three stallions in season 2018. It was found that the using of stallions is not equal and intensity of using depends on breeder's interest. Frequency of using stallions is determined by intensity of mare's heat. The most intensive use of stallions was in May and June. Mares were breed at one heat three times on average. Success of the breeding was 59% and more. Time of ejaculation was on average 9 seconds and it was ascertained important differences between length of preparation before breeding mare, because stallions have different preferences to specific mare. Stallions used for breeding and sports have higher requirements on feed quantity and quality in order to retain good condition and high fertility. Popularity of stallions is affected by their results in sports in previous seasons.
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Otcovská role harémového samce: Analýza interakcí hřebec-hříbě
ŠANDLOVÁ, Kateřina
The aim of this thesis was to analyze the interactions between stallion and his offspring in two socially natural herds of Exmoor ponies. These interactions have not been thoroughly revised yet. We studied and compared aggressive and friendly interactions, snapping of the foals and play behavior between the individuals, with the main focus on the foal-stallion interactions. The results suggest, that the stallion is the most common adult recipient of foal behaviour and can play an important role in the foals motorical and social development.
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Porovnání výkonnosti nejvýznamnějších rodin a linií ŠCHK - Měník
Kubištová, Barbora
The purpose of this dissertation was the evaluation of the influence of families on exterior and performance features of their offspring and the evaluation of lines which function in aristocratic breeding in Měník. Acquired data were separated into three databases and processed in Statistics 12 Soft program, through Analysis of Dispersion ANOVA. For purpose of this dissertation were chosen 8 ongoing families and two most significant stallions 1028 Manillon Rouge and 2626 Sahib Kubišta of the recent times. The best results shows the oldest family No. 1 Lecha - the founder 68 Lecha with 52 represented evaluated mares. Also family No. 2 Forma shows very good and balanced results the founder Forma with 20 represented evaluated mares. Results confirm positively importance of conservation of families in breeding. Long term homogeneous families demonstrably confirm the influence on evaluation of exterior indicators KVH, OH and Ohol which directly relate with health and efficiency of evaluated horses. I deal with evaluation of the 1028 Manillon Rouge stallion's influence in the second database. I rate here concretely his offspring and its influence in individual families which are processed in the first database. The result of this database is highly statistical demonstrated effect of sex performance features PK a ZZV. In this case mares have positive influence on exterior and performance features. Mutual influence of the offspring of the father 1028 Manillon Rouge and rated families was not statistically proven. The third database evaluates and mutually compares 1028 Manillon Rouge's and 2626 Sahib Kubišta's daughters. In this database was demonstrated statistical stallion's influence on their daughters again. Results with the biggest difference were demonstrated in the performance features ZZV. Positive influence on its daughters was proven by a stallion 1028 Manillon Rouge. Thanks to these results we can this stallion 1028 Manillon Rouge call as an innovator of breeding.
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Hodnocení kvalitativních a kvantitativních ukazatelů ejakulátu u hřebců
Hájková, Ivana
Evaluation of semen quality is an important element in the evaluation of stallion fertility. Quality ejaculate produced in sufficient quantities is a prerequisite for successful insemination in horse breeding. To assess the quality of ejaculate is used by many laboratory evaluation methods. Selected methods are also engaged in this thesis. The basic parameters considerating in the ejaculate in this thesis are the evaluation of activity, sperm concentration and morphological sperm analysis. For using ejaculate in producing insemination doses need to be assessed volume of ejaculate too. Minimum volume of the ejaculate of stallions should be 20 ml. The activity of fresh semen should be at least 60 %. Normal sperm concentration value of stallions ejaculate is considered at least 100 × 106 in 1 ml of semen. The minimum amount of morphologically normal stallions sperm is required above the threshold value of 60 %. In this thesis we studied a group of stallions which were stabled in Zemský hřebčinec Tlumačov, s.p. Stallions were included in breeding season for 2015. Evaluation of quantitative and qualitative parameters were performed od 47 samples of fresh semen, which were collected from 12 stallions during the breeding season. Semen collecting was from April to July 2015. Immediately after each semen collecting was measured volume of ejaculate and sperm activity was recorded. To further evaluation were counting sperm concentration and morphology of sperm evaluation. For mophological analysis were preparations stained by two methods: B. T. Farelly staining and method Byghošť. The analysis was determined by the percentage of morphological sperm defects, which were divided into the following categories: acrosome defects, sperm head defects, sperm mid-piece defects, sperm tail defects, abnormal forms of sperm and immature sperm. The research also used a theoretical comparison of the two methods of stainings due to occurence of morphological defects and estimate the correlation relationships between qualitative and quantitative parameters of the ejaculated os stallions.
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Potential of cholesterol-loaded cyclodextrins and low density lipoprotein for increasing the efficiency of cryopreservation of epididymal sperms in stallions
Janošíková, Martina ; Rajmon, Radko (advisor)
In the case of sudden death or injury stallion reproductive system or necessary castration preventing the collection of semen can to preserve the genetic potential of exceptional individuals take advantage of epididymal sperm. Virtually the only way, how to preserve fertilizing sperm POTENTIAL for long time IS cryopreservation. However, this process induces irreversible changes that are the cause of the reduced number of sperm capable of fertilization after thawing. Epididymal sperm cells have properties different from the ejaculated, harder to keep. Therefore, they are constantly looking for ways to streamline their cryopreservation.
GENERAL most commonly used cryoprotectants include glycerol and Egg yolk. Despite the positive effects is glycerol toxic to cells and Egg yolk also contains ingredients that act on sperm metabolism negatively. Increasing the efficiency of cryopreservation protocols themselves likely to be achieved by replacing toxic components while leveraging industry-produced active yolk fractions.
Submitted dissertation topic itself will deal with the use of cholesterol-loaded cyclodextrins Along with low density lipoproteins, the cryopreservation of epididymal sperm.
Main method: HPLC, Western blot, electrophoresis, fluorescent labels, computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA).
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Performance Comparison of Geldings and Stallions in Horse Racing
Johánková, Dominika ; Rozinek, Jiří (advisor) ; Jiří, Jiří (referee)
The castration of a stallion is a significant intervention into his anatomy, physiology, temperament and behavior. Combination of physical and character traits of racehorses and interplays with the jockeys is necessary For excellent athletic performance and success on the race track. People hold a discussion how the castration of the stallion affect its athletic performance and success on the racetrack. In this thesis, we want to confirm that the castration of an excellent racing stallion will not affect its subsequent athletic performance and success on the race track. Therefore, the results will be compared with several groups of stallions and geldings in a steeplechase with the longest tradition in the Czech Republic - the Velká pardubická. It will also have a respect to the experience of trainers and riders on the differences of training with stallion or gelding. The results of this research may lead to new specific arguments in this unending debate.
The introductory section summarizes the findings of the anatomy and physiology of the reproductive system of a stallions. These are essential for the understanding of the following section, which describes procedures for castration of a stallions, possible complications and its effect on the physiology, physique and character of the individual.
Velká pardubická steeplechase is rightly regarded as the toughest horse race in continental Europe, whose history began in the 70s of the 19th century. The race course changed several times in the past, due to both World Wars and later with regard to the safety of horses and riders. Currently, the race course measures 6,900 meters and has 31 obstacles.
The Velká pardubická was attended by 1,043 horses, some of whom participated in the race several times. Overall, there were 1,658 starting horses - 455 stallions, 397 mares and 806 geldings. All these horses were divided into 5 groups. The horses were evaluated based on the ranking from first to fifth place. All data were entered and subsequently analysed in the statistical program SAS Enterprise Guide 4.3. For each period were realized descriptive statistics of each sex and data set. Two-sample tests were used for comparing the athletic performance of stallions with geldings.
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Apoptotic changes in frozen-thawed ejaculate in stallions.
Bubeníčková, Filipa ; Šichtař, Jiří (advisor) ; Jindřich, Jindřich (referee)
The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of incubation time, types of packaging , extenders and stallion´s individuality for the presence of apoptotic sperms after thawing insemination doses (ID).
The semen was collected from six Old Kladrubian stallions by standard collection method. Collected ejaculates were diluted with two extender types (GENT and LAKT) and filled into 0.5 ml straws and 5 ml aluminum tubes in which were frozen and stored in liquid nitrogen. The ID were evaluated for the presence of apoptotic sperm immediately after thawing (37 °C, 30 - 60 sec.) and after incubation 15, 30, 45 and 60 minutes after thawing using fluorochromes Yo-Pro 1, propidium iodide and fluorescence microscopy.
There was a statistically significant difference in the presence of apoptotic sperms in the ID diluted with different types of extender. In the ID frozen in Gent was higher number of apoptotic and apoptotic sperms from the total number of live cells. This results suggest a better survival rate of sperm in the extender Gent compared with lactate extender. It was shown the effect of packaging types for the presence of apoptotic sperms in the ID after thawing. Immediately after thawing there was statistically significantly higher average proportion of apoptotic spermatozoa in 5 ml tubes than in 0.5 ml straws. With incubation time the tests did not demonstrate any significant differences between different types of packaging. However, the percentage of apoptotic sperm cells from the total number of viable cells was higher in 0.5 ml straws. Nevertheless this difference was observed as statistically significant only after 1 hour incubation. When we compared the combination of the extender and the packaging type there were evident relevant differences. The common use of Gent and 5 ml tubes seems to give the best outcome.
The stallion´s individuality had significant effect on the presence of apoptotic sperms in cryopreserved ID. To increase the quality of produced ID it must be treated individually to each stallion, especially in case of the Old Kladrubian horse breed. High level of inbreeding can significantly affect semen quality and the success of reproduction.
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Charakteristika reprodukčních vlastností hřebců působících v inseminaci
BÚDOVÁ, Alena
One of the requirements for a successful insemination in horse breeding is the selection of quality stallions which produced ejaculate in enough quantities and of good quality. For this purpose were discovered methods of dealing with the evaluation of semen quality. In this dissertation was ejaculate evaluated by using an objective computerized method CASA, system SCA. Monitoring the quality of sperm was performed on 11 breeding stallions involved in artificial insemination fresh sperm in ZH Písek. 53 samples of ejaculate were evaluated. Volume, sperm concentration, total and progressive motility and sperm vitality were monitored. Volume of ejaculate was from 20 to 127.5 ml. Average values of sperm concentration for individual stallions were from 104.18 to 384.4 M/ml. Average values of total motility were moving by interval from 51.23 to 89.54 %. Average progressive motility was move from 12.99 to 47.12 %. At sperm vitality were discovered average results from 35.16 to 71.21 %. The average value of individual stallions was identical to the Decree of the Ministry of Agriculture, which sets minimum requirements for quality indicators for short-term preservation of semen. Also the quality of the semen of stallions was compared by age. The first group was made by stallions to 10 years old and the second group were older stallions. It was found that the younger stallions to 10 years had higher semen volume and greater sperm concentration. Stallions older over 10 years had higher levels of total and progressive motility and sperm vitality. Next ejaculate quality was evaluate by the time interval between samples. Regular taken from stallions is doing better ejaculate quality but the time interval between samples is important. The best values were found in samples with interval between the sampling 4 or more days. The worst quality of sperm was in the samples with the interval between 1-2 days.
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Objektivní hodnocení mechaniky pohybu hříbat chladnokrevných koní
KOČVAROVÁ, Ivana
Goal of this study was to assess movement mechanics quality of cold-blooded breed foals (being bred in rearing houses), determine changes in movement mechanics as the breeding advances, and spot possible differences between the cold-blooded breeds in an objective manner.Quality of movement was tracked in two breeding houses in the years 2014 and 2015 and 48 stallion foals aged one, two and three years were included in this study. 24 stallions were of the breed Czech-Moravian Belgian horse, 15 Silesian Noriker and 9 Noriker. All stallions had been weighed in three-month intervals, 13 body measurements were taken and video technology was used to record their movement while being led. Recording was used to determine stride length and height span of right front and right hind leg movement. 354 measurements have been evaluated. Walk characteristics were determined at standardized movement speed of 75m.min-1. Foals bred at an altitude of 650 m were found to have flatter and longer strides than those bred at an altitude of 420 m. The outcome of inter-breed comparison was that Silesian Noriker have the longest stride, while Noriker have the biggest limb movement span. As foals grew older, stride length got slightly longer, while the limb movement span remained without major alterations.
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