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Quantitative vessel parameters of broadleaves as a tool for reconstruction of physical geographical processes
Tumajer, Jan
Trees adjust wood anatomical structure to environmental conditions, predisposing time series of quantitative wood anatomical parameters to be valuable source of palaeoenvironmental information. In this doctoral project we analysed the response of vessel parameters of i) floodplain Quercus robur to groundwater level fluctuation, hydroclimate variability and extreme events (droughts and floods), and of ii) Betula pendula to mechanical damage caused by various disturbances. Although climatic signal as well as pointer years stored in tree-ring width chronologies of Quercus robur largely differ between sites, quantitative vessel parameters contain spatially- homogenous positive signal of previous year summer temperature and current year winter/early spring temperature. The only between-site difference in wood anatomical chronologies is negative effect of moisture on vessel size in floodplain, which does not occur in not-flooded lowland sites. We suggest that while tree productivity benefits from high water availability, the wood anatomical structure of Quercus robur is constrained by high soil water saturation in floodplain zone. In addition, the response of tree-ring widths to moisture availability is not uniform inside single stand, but subgroups of trees with completely opposite response coexist...
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Assessment of the rate of vegetation succession at abandoned stone quarries using dendrochronology
Derková, Nikola ; Chuman, Tomáš (advisor) ; Šefrna, Luděk (referee)
Dendrochronology is a reliable method of determining the age of a stand. In this thesis, dendrochronology is used to assess rate of vegetation succession in abandoned granodiorite quarries. There were selected eight localities in the study area, each with several sites. At each site there were four - five optically oldest trees selected, from which cores were taken using increment borer. A total of 79 increment cores were analyzed. The obtained age of trees was compared with known age of abandonment and a sequence of aerial photographs, showing history of sites since abandonment. As the results show, tree vegetation is attached in the area after approx. 3 - 7 years from the end of disturbance. We observe continuous stand in the area after approx. 12 years from the end of disturbance.
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Dendrochronologické datování a stavebně-technický průzkum vodního mlýnu ve Křtinách
Zrůstková, Iva
Thesis tries to reveal more information about wooden historical constructions of the water mill and to assess their condition. The dilapidated water mill in Křtiny began to be gradually restored after transfer to a private ownership. Only a few records was known about the history of this interesting building. The aim of the thesis was dendrochronological dating and anatomical identification of the wooden constructions, completed by searching all available literature sources concerning the studied buildings. The priority of building-technical survey was to determine the degree and extent of damage of the individual wooden elements using visual assessment and non-destructive methods. Dendrochronological dating shows that the roof construction was build after 1913. The wooden constructions on the 1st floor and the 2nd floor were dated to the end of the 1920s and the beginning of the 1930s. Plank flooring was dated to the period after 1863. The oldest surviving construction located in the adjacent shed was dated to 1781/1782. The results of building-technical survey shows relatively good condition of wooden elements, however, the ceiling on the 3rd floor should be checked in regular intervals where water leaking was observed. Given that almost no historical sources was found the work brought new information about the development of the water mill. Moreover, necessary preventive inspections were recommended to preserve the historic value of the building.
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Dendrochronologické datování a stavebněhistorické hodnocení krovu kostela svatého Jakuba Staršího v Omicích (okres Brno-venkov)
Tetur, Vladan
The aim of this work is determination of the age of roof construction of the Roman Catholic church of St. Jacob the Elder in Omics, using dendrochronological analysis. In this work is describes a standard procedure for dendrochronological dating from the sampling, editing, measurement and dating. There is also incorporated building-historical development of the building, where the effort is to determine chronologically the development of the whole building from historical literary sources. The roof of the church is mainly built of fir wood, except for two old oak binding beams, and binding beam belfry which is spruce. The fir trees used on the roof over the presbytery were cut away in autumn or winter in 1874 or in winter at the beginning of 1875. The oak trees used on the old binding beams were cut away after 1765. The fir trees above the main ship were cut away after 1917. The spruce tree used for the binding beam of the belfry was cut away in the autumn or winter of 1927 or in the winter of early 1928. Trees used for the bell tower failed to date. Using dendrochronological dating and anatomical wood building analysis, we were able to supplement or refine the historical development of the church.
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Dendrochronologické datování vybraných zvonových stolic kostelů v regionu obce Boskovice a okolí jako nástroj pro doplnění české dubové standardní chronologie
Špidlík, Libor
This thesis is focused on the dendrochronology of the chosen bell headstocks in the churches in Boskovice region. This work describes the entire process of selecting churches, samplings, measurements and a tree-ring dating. The tree-ring dating was focused on the bell headstocks in the Church of St.Jacob Mayor in Boskovice, The Holly Trinity Church in Drnovice, the Church of St. Stanislav in Kunštát, the Church of St. Prokop in Letovice, the Church of St.Peter and St.Paul in Lysice and the Church of the Assumption of Mary in Sebranice. The found dates are compared with the awailable literature and internet sources. The chronology extends back 435years (1383-1818).This chronology was used to complete the Czech oak chronology CZGES 2016. Now the Czech oak chronology contains samplings from the entire location of natural occurrence of oaks in the Czech Republic.
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Dendrochronologické datování a stavebněhistorické hodnocení krovu kostela sv. Jakuba ve Staré Vsi u Bílovce (okres Nový Jičín)
Sochová, Irena
The aim of the thesis was to make a constructional-historical research and dendrochronological dating of the roof frame (truss) of St. James´s church in Stará Ves near Bílovce (the district of Novy Jicin). It is the case of the roof frame structure of hammerbeam type which was made from fir timber. The result of the dendrochronological analysis has shown that the trees used for the construction of the roof of the nave were fell down between 1712 and 1713. The trees used for the construction of the roof over the chancel were also fell down between 1712 and 1713. The oak bell stool could not be reliably dendrochronologically dated. The results of the dendrochronological analysis correspond to the historical development of the church found out from the literary and historical sources
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Analýza ecese populací vybraných druhů dřevin ve Velké kotlině (CHKO Jeseníky)
Mikušková, Jana
The main aim of the submitted work is to evaluate the ecesis of woody plants at selected localities in Velká kotlina in the Protected Landscape Area Jeseníky. The field data collection took place in 2016. The woody plant age at individual localities was determined by dendrochronological methods. At each locality, the ages of woody plants were compared with records of large-scale avalanches in recent decades. In the work, the woody plant age parameters in different localities were compared and the woody plant succession was evaluated. The results of the research have shown that most of the localities were significantly affected by avalanches. The model mean age of analyzed woody plants at studied localities is 37-86 years. The possibility of the negative impact of climate change on limitation of the fall of avalanches at present is discussed.
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Dendrochronologické datování a stavebněhistorické hodnocení krovu kostela Nalezení sv. Kříže ve Staříči (okres Frýdek-Místek)
Limberg, Tomáš
The purpose of this bachelor work was historical exploration of church of Founded st. Cross in Staříč (district Frýdek-Místek) and determine type of used wooden, roof construction. At first phase was looking for profesional litarature, dealing with problematics of roof construction and history of roof construction and looking for historical information about begining of church. Dating roof was solved by dendrochology. Next phase was knowing used wood (anatomical analysis) all the samples was removed by pressler drill. After that was known fir, as used element in construction and oak, used for construction wooden stool. Fir was cut in (1772 and 1773), corently in fall or winter 1772, or in winter 1773 when this year start. Oak was cut down in (1771 and 1772), corently in fall or winter 1772, or in winter 1773 when this year start. It was 18th. century, so type of construction in this age was hambálková soustava. After comparing this informations with literature, we got result , that hambálek´s roof systém was used as roof construction for this church.Formula clause:Prohlašuji, že jsem práci: Dendrochronologické datování a stavebněhistorické hodnocení krovu kostela Nalezení sv. Kříže ve Staříči (okres Frýdek-Místek) vypracoval samostatně a veškeré použité prameny a informace uvádím v seznamu použité literatury. Souhlasím, aby moje práce byla zveřejněna v souladu s § 47b zákona č. 111/1998 Sb., o vysokých školách a o změně a doplnění dalších zákonů (zákon o vysokých školách), ve znění pozdějších předpisů, a v souladu s platnou Směrnicí o zveřejňování vysokoškolských závěrečných prací. Jsem si vědom/a, že se na moji práci vztahuje zákon č. 121/2000 Sb., autorský zákon, a že Mendelova univerzita v Brně má právo na uzavření licenční smlouvy a užití této práce jako školního díla podle § 60 odst. 1 autorského zákona. Dále se zavazuji, že před sepsáním licenční smlouvy o využití díla jinou osobou (subjektem) si vyžádám písemné stanovisko univerzity, že předmětná licenční smlouva není v rozporu s oprávněnými zájmy univerzity, a zavazuji se uhradit případný příspěvek na úhradu nákladů spojených se vznikem díla, a to až do jejich skutečné výše.
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Využití dřeva v historii u konstrukčních prvků staveb na příkladu Muzea vesnice jihovýchodní Moravy ve Strážnici
Králíček, Michal
The focus of this dissertation is the historical use of wood in structural components of selected buildings located in the Village Museum of south-east Moravia in Strážnice. These buildings include a group of haymakers, a timbered barn with a barn, a storey chamber, and two dry houses. The main aim of this paper is the anatomical identification of the type of wood used for individual structural components and the determination of the type of wood that is most frequently used for a given type of component. The work was extended by dendrochronological dating of selected objects. All original buildings from the open-air museum were selected for the study. In total 176 samples were taken for anatomical analysis and 48 samples for dendrochronological dating. Altogether, 11 species of wood were identified including predominantly spruce (56 samples), beech (37 samples) and oak (36 samples). The results indicate that spruce was the most frequently used wood, especially in the construction of roof trusses. The beech wood was primarily contained in the perimeter walls of the huts, whereas the oak was used most commonly as a base beam. Furthermore, the anatomical identification of selected historical doors was also conducted, indicating fir and spruce wood as the most commonly used types of wood. The results of dendrochronological dating show that the group of haymakers was built during the second half of the 19th century. This helps to clarify the previously unknown age of the buildings.
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Rozšíření české dubové standardní chronologie o letokruhové křivky ze subfosilních dubových kmenů z Polabí
Jelínek, Michal
Subfossil trunks are unfossilized woods which are discovered rarely in the Czech Republic. The aim of this work was to find, sampled and dated subfossil trunks from the Polabí region. Available Czech and foreign standard chronologies were used for dendrochronological dating of tree-ring series. Simultaneously, earlier sampled subfossil trunks from the study area were assembled. The chosen tree-ring series were used to extension and improvement of the Czech oak standard chronology. Selected samples, which were not possible to dendochronologically date, were sent for radiocarbon dating. For a purpose of this work, 122 new subfossil findings were dendrochronologically processed from the Polabí region and three samples were prepared and sent for radiocarbon dating. The major part of subfossil trunks was identified as an oak and only 5 samples as an elm. In total, 96 samples were successfully dated mostly into two periods: 3500 - 3200 BC and 133 BC - 155 AD. In Kostomlátky location, the oldest oak subfossil trunk in the Czech republic was found the tree-ring series covers the period 8181 7971 BC. Thanks to these subfossil findings, the Czech oak standard chronology could be extended.
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