|
|
Impact of elevated carbon dioxide concentration and nitrogen nutrition on protein content of glutenin and gliadin fraction in winter wheat
Chadimová, Klára ; Vítová, Eva (referee) ; Hrstka, Miroslav (advisor)
The present study investigates effects of elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration, different nitrogen fertilization levels, drought and UV radiation on protein content of wheat gluten fractions glutenins and gliadins. Winter wheat cultivar Bohemia was grown under ambient CO2 concentration (AC; 400 mol CO2.mol-1) and elevated CO2 concentration (EC; 700 mol CO2.mol-1). Half of the samples was fertilized with 200 kg N.ha-1 (N+) and the other part stayed unfertilized (N–). Other environmental factors were UV radiation exclusion (UV–, UV+) and drought (DRY, WET). Gliadins were separated by A-PAGE, glutenins by SDS-PAGE. Proteins were quantified by computer densitometry. Nitrogen fertilization caused an significat increase of gliadins and glutenins. While some gliadins subfractions were significantly lowered by drought, HMW glutenin subunits showed significant increase. UV radiation exclusion resulted in significant decrease of some gliadin subfractions and glutenin subunits. CO2 enrichment caused significant increase of glutenin subfractions HMW 1 and 2, while gliadin subfractions -5 1 and 1 were significantly decreased by elevated CO2 concentration.
|
|
|
Influence of carbon dioxide elevated concentration on wheat flour quality
Drahovzalová, Kateřina ; Márová, Ivana (referee) ; Hrstka, Miroslav (advisor)
This thesis studied the influence of elevated carbon dioxide concentration on the properties of ears, grain and flour in two varieties of wheat (Triticum aestivum). The Vánek and Septima varieties were grown in special greenhouses, both in normal atmosphere with carbon dioxide concentration (AC = 385 ?mol?mol-1), and at elevated carbon dioxide concentration (EC = 700 ?mol?mol-1). Quantitative analysis of grain (the content of crude protein, starch, moisture and hardness of grain) was carried out using NIR, gluten content (gluten index) was determined after washing with water and gluten quality was expressed as falling number. Total crude protein content was determined according to Kjeldahl, total amino acids and amino acids content by ion exchange chromatography. Variety Vánek showed significantly larger size of the spikes, more grains and higher grain weight, when it was cultivated in the atmosphere of elevated CO2 concentration. For variety Septima, the size of AC and EC ear variants was comparable, but the ears of corn grown in the EC had a significantly greater number of grains and greater weight. Vánek variety grown in elevated CO2 concentration had lower weight of 100 grains, Septima variety grown in elevated CO2 concentration had greater weight of 100 grains. The varieties Vánek and Septima grown at elevated CO2 concentration showed significantly lower content of crude protein (28.4%) and gluten index (by 34.6%). In comparison with the AC variant, EC also showed lower overall content of crude protein and amino acids.
|
|
|
The effect of temperature and drought on the glutenin proteins content in two genotypes of wheat
Vybíral, Lukáš ; Vespalcová, Milena (referee) ; Hrstka, Miroslav (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the influence of water and temperature deficiency on protein content of gliadin fraction and on glutenin/gliadin ratio in two wheat varieties. The varieties selected for the experiment are called Pannonia and RGT Reform. Samples were cultivated at three different temperatures, 26 °C, 32 °C and 38 ° C, and irrigation was checked at the time of flowering. For wet-grown samples, the soil had a moisture content greater than 70 %, and drought-grown specimens grew on soil with a moisture content not exceeding 30 %. After harvest, the grains were ground into flour and glutenins and gliadins were extracted from the individual samples. SDS-PAGE was used for separation and protein quantification was performed by computer densitometry. A significant effect of the variety on individual gluten proteins was found. In the Pannonia variety, it has been found that the interaction of higher temperature and drought has no major effect on glutenin content and glutenin/gliadin ratio. The RGT variety was significantly affected by these conditions, resulting in a decrease in glutenin content and a significant change in ratio. In both varieties, the glutenin content was higher when cultivated at higher humidity but only at two higher cultivation temperatures.
|
|
|
Monitoring of the wheat quality for food production
Slavíčková, Radka ; Hýsková, Eva (referee) ; Omelková, Jiřina (advisor)
The aim of this study was to monitor the quality of wheat Triticum aestivum, imported into the laboratory MORAGRO after harvest by eight different suppliers, and to evaluate the main quality parameters decisive for the final use of cereal crops. The introduction of the theoretical part was devoted to understanding commercial and agricultural importance of wheat and description of morphological and physiological characteristics of wheat grain. The core of the theoretical part has been focused on the description and explanation of physical and chemical properties of the wheat grain, which largely affect the final product quality of wheat. External factors affecting final quality and yields of wheat were also commented. The experimental part was based on measurements of main quality parameters of wheat (moisture content, bulk density, falling number, amount of gluten and the wheat proteins, sedimentation value and content of additives and impurities). In most cases, measurements were carried out using automated instruments. The quality of wheat was determined based on the obtained results, which allows deciding, whether it is appropriating for food production.
|
|
|
Influence of elevated carbon dioxide concentration on the quality of wheat flour
Zítková, Jana ; Vránová, Dana (referee) ; Hrstka, Miroslav (advisor)
This work treats of influence of carbon dioxide increased concentration on wheat yield and quality of wheat grains and flour. It focuses above all on total content nitrogenous substances in flour, content of proteins, gluten and bake charackteristics. Generally, increased carbon dioxide concentrations cause an increase of wheat yield and decrease of total content of nitrogenous substances. Gluten content is lower and that is why the bake properties are worse too.
|
|
|
Impact of temperature and drought on gliadins content in two varieties of wheat
Seidlová, Kateřina ; Brázda, Václav (referee) ; Hrstka, Miroslav (advisor)
This bachelor’s thesis focuses on the effect of high temperature and drought on protein content of gliadin fraction on two varieties of wheat. Chosen varieties were Hyfi and Julie, cultivated at 26, 29, 32, 35 and 38 °C during flowering in watering controlled conditions. The condition for ‘wet’ samples was at least 70 % soil moisture and for ‘dry’ samples less than 30 % soil moisture. After harvesting, the seeds were milled into flour from which the gliadins were extracted with 2-chlorethanol. A-PAGE method was used for gliadin separation, quantification was carried out through computer densitometry. A significant genotype effect was discovered. Whilst temperature ranging from 26-38 °C with simultaneous drought stress had no significant effect on gliadin content of Hyfi variation, gliadin content of Julie variation shown obvious maximum at 32 °C. Therefore, Hyfi variation shown better resistance to heat stress than Julie variation. Both variations had higher gliadin content under drought stress than under good watering conditions.
|
|
|
Changes in gliadin content in four varieties of wheat at different temperatures and drought stress.
Cigánková, Michaela ; Kovalčík, Adriána (referee) ; Hrstka, Miroslav (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with an influence of increasing temperature and water shortage on the content of gliadin proteins in four varieties of wheat: Bohemia, Pannonia, Tobak and RGT Reform. Samples were cultivated at 26, 29, 32, 35, 39 and 41 ° C. Due to the lack of culture samples at 41 ° C, these samples were not used for our experiment. Cultivation took place during flowering with sufficient moisture (with soil moisture higher than 70%) or under drought stress (with humidity below 30%). The A-PAGE method was used to separate gliadin fractions. Quantification was performed by computer densitometry. Significant influence of water availability on gluten protein content was found. The lack of moisture in the stress environment caused a relative increase in gliadin fractions compared to conventional conditions, especially in the Pannonia and RGT Reform varieties. The Pannonia and RGT Reform varieties responded most to the temperature, while Bohemia. The Tobak variety responded to the temperature in interaction with water scarcity. Due to the rising temperature, virtually all gliadin fractions in the Pannonia and RGT Reform varieties increased. The effect of drought often manifests itself in interaction with the influence of temperature. The most dramatic effect was the drought in interaction with temperature in the Tobak variety, where the gliadin content increased. In general, the temperature and drought were most affected by -gliadin fractions of all four varieties of wheat.
|
|
|
Impact of temperature and drought on gliadins and glutenins contents in four varieties of wheat
Tomasz, Teresa ; Vítová, Eva (referee) ; Hrstka, Miroslav (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with an influence of high temperature and water shortage on the protein content of gliadin and glutenin fractions in four varieties of winter wheat: Bohemia, Tobak, Pannonia and var. Syria with designation S46 (IG142780). The crop was grown at 26, 29, 32, 35, 38 and 41 °C during anthesis under control irrigation treatment (with soil moisture higher than 70 %) or under drought stress (with soil moisture lower than 30 %). To separate gliadins, the A-PAGE method was used, and glutenins were separated by SDS-PAGE method. Proteins were quantified by computer densitometry. Significant influence of genotype on the gluten proteins was found. Variety Pannonia has high content of -, 5-gliadins, LMW and HMW glutenins, but low content of other gliadin fractions. It was the opposite in the other varieties. Due to temperature, as well as drought, there was an increase in the content of all gluten fractions, especially of HMW glutenins, 1,2-gliadins and total gliadins. The largest increase in the gluten fractions due to drought was observed in Syria variety. In other varieties simultaneous exposure to drought and heat caused decrease in gliadin content, but increase in glutenin content. Drought at high temperatures reduced gliadin-to-glutenin ratio, mostly in Bohemia variety. This ratio has increased due to the temperature, especially in Tobak variety. For Syria variety, no effect of stress conditions was found on gliadin-to-glutenin ratio.
|
|
|
Efekt snížení dávky dusíku při použití hnojiv s inhibitory
Brabcová, Jana
This work was focused on the use of nitrogen fertilizers with inhibitors in full and reduced doses, which was supposed to simulate the achievement of one of the objectives of the Green Deal. The experiment took the form of a one-year small-plot experiment with winter wheat in Žabčice near Brno. The following variants were included in the experiment: 1. mixture of urea + ammonium sulfate (control), 2. Alzon neo-N (urea containing urease and nitrification inhibitor), 3. mixture of Alzon neo-N and Lovogran IN (ammonium sulfate with nitrification inhibitor) and 4. a mixture of Alzon neo-N and Lovogran IN in a reduced dose of 20%. Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) was chosen as the test crop, for which the yields and quality parameters of the grain were monitored (bulk weight, nitrogen content, gluten content and Zeleny test value). The mineral nitrogen content in the soil was also monitored. The addition of inhibitors did not have a statistically significant effect on yield and grain quality. A statistically significant decrease in values occurred only in the variant with a reduced dose of fertilizer compared to the non-reduced variant, namely in the content of N-substances, gluten content and the value of the Zeleny test (sedimentation value). When comparing the variant with a reduced dose of nitrogen to the standard by fertilizing without inhibitors, no significant differences were found. Fertilizers with inhibitors can therefore ensure an unreduced yield of adequate quality even when a reduced dose of fertilizer is used. The results of the Nmin analysis proved the effectiveness of the inhibitors on the mineral nitrogen content in the soil, especially the influence of the urease inhibitors. The variant with a higher content of urease inhibitor (variant 2) showed a lower amount of ammonium nitrogen and at the same time a lower amount of total Nmin compared to the variants in the mixture in full and reduced dose (variants 3 and 4).
|
|
|
Stanovení bílkovin u pšenic z konvenčního a ekologického pěstování a jejich vliv na kvalitu zrna
Sedláčková, Anna
The main aim of this diploma thesis was to determine selected signs of baking quality in selected trials from organic and organic agriculture of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in the season of 2020/2021. This annual trial included combination of twenty varieties and new breedings of wheat sown in two different locations, Weikendorf (organic agriculture) and Dörfles (ecological agriculture). There was evaluated ifestation by Blumeria graminis, Septoria tritici, Puccinia striiformis and Fusarium graminearum during the 2021 vegetation. Subsequently was determined the yield from individual trials (dt.ha-1) and laboratory analyzes were carried out, starting with the evaluation of flour yield using Quadrumat Junior and SRC-CHOPIN 2, NIR, SDS and Zeleny sedimentation test, alveographic and extensographic evaluation, and finally evaluation using GlutoPeak. The year 2020/2021 was characterised by frequent and high rainfall totals during sowing and harvesting. Meteorological conditions during the year, local influences and different agrotechnical procedures played a significant role in the formation of technological quality of the grain. The limit of 12,5 % of protein set by Austria was met at the location Weikendorf (conventional agriculture) by all varieties and new breeding except variety `Campesino`. At the location Dörfles (organic agriculture) was this limit not met by any of chosen varieties and new breedings. The results of determining the other technological parameters showed significant differences between the quality of the harvest in favor of conventional agriculture. It was made a series of correlations between selected quality parameters. In particular, that grain from conventional and organic farming can differ significantly even from the point of view of evaluating the relationships between selected quality parameters.
|
guest ::
