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Encapsulation of active substances and possibilities of their application in anti-aging products
Horváthová, Iveta ; Němcová, Andrea (referee) ; Skoumalová, Petra (advisor)
The aims of this thesis were encapsulation of selected active substances and their possible application in cosmetic products with anti-aging effects. 6 kinds of active substances were studied – lipophilic vitamin E and vitamin A, hydrophilic vitamin B1 and vitamin B2, and phenolic compounds ferulic acid and chlorogenic acid. In theoretocal part, the general characteristics of active compounds and their use are described. It also includes the description of used methods. Practical part was focused on characterisation of active compounds from the perspective of antioxidant activity and encapsulation into liposomes from soy and sunflower lecithin. Encapsulation effectivity, size, stability and long-term stability of liposomes after four weeks were determined. The most suitable liposomes with active compounds were also tested for safety on human skin cells using the MTT test of cytotoxicity on keratinocytes HaCaT. Furthernore, 3 types of cosmetic products were prepared – day cream, night cream and skin serum. Each kind of cosmetic product was devided into 4 types – the product without any active compounds, the product containing free active compounds, the product with liposomes with active compouds and the product containing empty liposomes. As active compounds all our tested substances were used. Final products were tested 14 days on 15 female volunteers. Before and after products usage parametres of their skin were measured to analyze effect of products on skin rejuvenation. Volunteers were also rating sensory analysis of cosmetic products. The part of this thesis was also creating an online questionnaire about anti-aging cosmetics for publicity to find out the popularity of this kind of cosmetics.
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Analysis of active substances in honey
Jelénková, Zuzana ; Kubešová,, Jitka (referee) ; Márová, Ivana (advisor)
This diploma thesis was focused on biologically active compounds determination. 26 samples of honey, one sample of propolis and one sample of royal jelly were analyzed. Honey were harvested in year 2006 and 2007 and bought in retail chain, special shops and directly from bee-keeper. Samples were analyzed by titration, spectrofotometry, LC/MS and RP-HPLC methods. The study was focused on analysis of antioxidants. Followed groups of antioxidants were determined: flavonoids, catechins, carotenoids, vitamins E, C, A. Authenticity of quality was determined by hydroxymethylfurfural analysis. Average values of total antioxidant capacity ranged (12.75-137.49) mmol .100 g-1. Average values of total phenolic ranged (8.51-61.34) mg .100 g-1 and average values of total flavonoids ranged (0.75-6.04) mg .100 g-1. Honey samples contained (41.83-585.10) g .100 g-1 of rutin, (9.30-313.40) g .100 g-1 of myricetin, (6.5-171.90) g .100 g-1 of luteolin, (3.19-436.37) g .100 g-1 of quercetin, (2.10-242.66) g .100 g-1 of apigenin, (0.15-105.12) g .100 g-1 of caempferol and (0.07-17.52) mg .100 g-1 of naringenin. From group of catechins there were measured (5.98-310) g .100 g-1 of catechin, (17.77-486.29) g .100 g-1 of epicatechin, (0.18-64.90) g .100 g-1 of catechin gallate and (0.59-140.56) g .100 g-1 of epicatechin gallate. From lipophilic compounds the most abundant in honey samples was tocopherol, its value ranged (29.20-8531.17) g .100 g-1. Content of ascorbic acid ranged (0.65-4.65) mg .100 g-1. Content of hydroxymethyl.furfural. ranged (0.26-4.06) mg .100 g-1. By LC/MS method luteolin, naringenin, protocatechin acid, coffee acid and p-cumaric acid in honeydew were detected and, furthermore, kyanidin and pinocembrin in floral honey were found. Mono-floral honey contained biologically active compounds the most, imperceptibly less contained multi-floral honey and honeydew honey. Acacia honey contained the lowest amount of biologically active compounds.
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Možnosti stanovení vybraných parametrů u energetických nápojů
Ošťádalová, Aneta
The bachelor thesis is a literary research devoted to energy drinks. The introductory part of the thesis describes the general characteristics of energy drinks, their history and legislation. Next part of the work is focused on the availability of energy drinks on the Czech market, their production and individual raw materials used for production. The thesis further describes natural alternatives that are used for the production of energy drinks, which include Panax ginseng, Guarana, Ilex paraguariensis, Ginkgo biloba and Cola nitida. The last part is devoted to the physical and chemical methods used for the analysis of individual components of energy drinks, such as the determination of carbohydrates, organic acids, vitamins, alkaloids, antioxidants, amino acids, inositol and glucuronolactone.
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Vitamins and dietary supplements in the nutrition of patients with hematopoietic disorders
Chmelařová, Elen ; Dusílková, Nina Borisovna (advisor) ; Faltusová, Kateřina (referee)
This bachelor's thesis deals with the possible beneficial effects of vitamins, minerals and dietary supplements that could positively influence the course of treatment of blood cancers. In addition to vitamins and minerals, dietary supplements for the purposes of this thesis include various food supplements that can be purchased in pharmacies, as well as foods or spices, herbs and mushrooms that can be purchased in regular grocery stores. The main objective of the study was to find out whether patients take any of these selected supplements during treatment. The secondary aim of this work was to get an idea about the patients' awareness, their choice of food supplements that they purchase and how they themselves evaluate the effect of these supplements on their health status. The theoretical part deals with the brief characteristics of the most common haemato- oncological diseases of patients visiting the specialist departments of the General Faculty Hospital in Prague (VFN). In the theoretical part, this thesis also deals with a total of 57 different supplements (9 vitamins, 6 minerals, 15 food supplements and 27 different foods, spices, herbs and mushrooms) that could have positive effects in the treatment of these serious diseases, as reported in the scientific literature and also in the popular...
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Fotostabilization of biopolymeric materials for regenerative medicine
Izsák, Dávid ; Muchová, Johana (referee) ; Brtníková, Jana (advisor)
Nestabilizované biopolyméry často vykazujú zlé mechanické vlastnosti. Stabilizáciu a zlepšenie týchto vlastností je možné dosiahnuť sieťovaním, ale tradične používané sieťovacie činidlá sú pre ľudské telo často cytotoxické a škodlivé. Cieľom tejto práce je nájsť vhodnú netoxickú sieťovaciu metódu, ktorá by bola dostatočne účinná, ale zároveň by nepredstavovala nebezpečenstvo pre žiadny organizmus. Metóda sieťovania vyvinutá v predloženej bakalárskej práci by mala byť porovnateľne účinná ako tradične používané metódy (napr. sieťovanie na báze chemického karbodiimidu) a tiež potenciálne menej cytotoxické pri použití prírodných látok. Navrhovaná alternatívna metóda sieťovania by mala zlepšiť pevnosť a stabilitu sieťovaných biopolymérov a zvýšiť ich biologickú funkčnosť. Predkladaná práca sa konkrétne zaoberá stabilizáciou kolagénových skafoldov pomocou vitamínu dôležitého pre ľudský metabolizmus a následným ožarovaním krátkou a dlhou vlnovou dĺžkou. Teoretická časť obsahuje všeobecný prehľad možných netoxických sieťovacích činidiel, popisuje štruktúru kolagénu a charakterizuje jeho vlastnosti a vlastnosti použitého vitamínu ako sieťovadla. Experimentálna časť sa zaoberá prípravou a optimalizáciou sieťovania kolagénových skafoldov. Skúmalo sa botnanie, degradácia a morfológia skafoldov, ako aj sekundárna štruktúra kolagénu. Výsledkom bolo získanie dostatočne silných sieťovaných skafoldov.
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Mineral and vitamin deficiencies in the elderly and their supplementatin
Nesnidalova, Andrea ; Vágnerová, Tereza (advisor) ; Bárta, Michal (referee)
Seniors often buy inappropriate combinations of dietary supplements based on advertising or peer recommendations, but often to a lesser extent on the recommendation of a professional. It is important for seniors to pay attention to the quality and variety of their diet in order to maintain good health. The bachelor thesis is divided into theoretical and practical parts. In the theoretical part, the first chapter describes the individual vitamins and minerals. The next chapters deal not only with their deficiency and need in the elderly population but also with their correct consumption with regard to further pharmacotherapy. In particular, a chapter dealing with the reasons leading to insufficient food intake in the elderly is described. For the practical part, three main objectives have been set. The research was conducted by questionnaire survey to which a total of 67 respondents aged 65-90 years answered. The first objective was to find out what dietary habits seniors have in their home environment and what vitamins and minerals they are deficient in. A sub-objective of this question was to determine whether current supplementation is justified in this population given the results of the questionnaire survey. The second objective builds on dietary diversity and explores the principles of good...
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Nutrition and supplementation in fitness and bodybuilding
Havlová, Ivona ; Kimmer, David (advisor) ; Šimková, Simona (referee)
Nutrition and Supplementation in Fitness and Bodybuilding Abstract The topic of this master's thesis is "Nutrition and Supplementation in Fitness and Bodybuilding". Physical fitness is getting more and more popular and becoming a global industry. Young people tend to prefer gyms to other types of physical activities. The advantage of fitness workouts is that there is no age limit, provided the person is healthy, as evidenced by exercising individuals who are 15 years old but also senior citizens over the age of 65. The empirical part of the paper was conducted using a qualitative method, gathering respondents through snowball sampling where participants identify others. As many as 28 respondents were divided into two groups: people doing conditioning and bodybuilding whose characteristics are explained in the Operationalisation chapter. All respondents did a semi-structured interview and provided a three-day diet plan. The goal was to map eating habits and the most common diet plans of people doing conditioning and bodybuilding, and to discover supplements they use the most frequently. The practical part of the thesis focused on the most frequent diet plans and supplements in fitness practitioners. The research findings indicate that the most common diet is high in protein and carbohydrates and low in fat,...
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Vitamíny v prevencii vývojových vád plodu – výživa tehotných
Brenkusová, Lada
The diploma thesis deals with the issue of pregnancy nutrition especially in terms of the representation of vitamins that have proven beneficial effect on pregnancy and fetal development. The theoretical part provides information about vitamins and their recommended daily allowances and also there is a list of food examples from which these vitamins can be taken. Part of the thesis is devoted to the chromatographic method which can be used in the analysis of vitamins in samples. The experimental part describes the procedure of extraction and determination of vitamins in purchased vitamin supplements using high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). The final part of the thesis contains measured and recalculated values of individual vitamins, which were compared with the declared values stated on the product packaging.
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Zavedení a optimalizace metodiky pro stanovení lipofilních a hydrofilních vitamínů v biologických vzorcích
Kalábová, Vendula
The main scope of this diploma thesis are the methods used for building vitamins, especially priorizing chromatographic methods. You can also find the characteristics of vitamins dissolvable in fat and water, their physiological meaning, daily use, presence in foodstuffs and methods, which are suitable for their analysis. The experimental part describes the sample preparation, their vitamin extraction methods, the requierements for chromatographic assessions, methods of qualitative and quantitative evaluation of chromatographs with the focus on the calibration curve method. The work also puts an emphasis on establishing the limit of detection and the limit of quatification, and determining the lipophilic vitamins in matrices rich of these vitamins using the method of HPLC.
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Správný poměr minerálních látek a vitamínů v krmné dávce při tréninkové zátěži parkurového koně
MIŠKOVÁ, Alžběta
A nutrition of sport horses is a complex science that is increasingly being developed and researched due to the growing popularity of equestrian sport. The necessary amount of substances for the proper functioning of the animal's metabolism is usually provided by the intake of hay and fresh grass. If we plan to participace in sports with the horse, it is important to formulate a proper feeding ration so that not only are the necessary nutrients not lacking, but also that they are not in excess. In this respect, we are looking at vitamins and minerals in particular. A large number of factors play a significant role in the need for these substances, including age, weight of the animal, condition, intensity of exercise and others. In the first part of the thesis there is a brief introduction to the digestive system of horses and their specific characteristics, such as the oblique angle at which the esophagus connects to the stomach, which prevents vomiting. The second part is dedicated to minerals, their requirements for the adult horse and the sources that can be used to obtain them in the horse's diet. A section related to vitamins is also devoted to this subject. In the final part, a short recommendation for practice is made with an example of a daily ration for a showjumping horse in the competition season.
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