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Studium nádorové imunoterapie založené na instalaci ligandů fagocytárních receptorů na nádorové buňky a objasnění probíhajících procesorů
CAISOVÁ, Veronika
Immunotherapy became a very promising approach for cancer therapy. Tumor cells are eliminated using the body's own immune system with minimal negative effect on healthy tissue. This thesis is focused on immunotherapy based on activation of innate immunity, specifically on intratumoral application of ligands stimulating phagocytosis and Toll-like receptor ligands. This therapeutic approach was tested in several types of tumor mouse models, such as melanoma B16-F10, pancreatic adenocarcinoma, and pheochromocytoma. The composition of the therapeutic mixture as well as the application schedule were optimized in our studies. Subsequently the underlying mechanisms involved in tumor elimination during this therapy were investigated.
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Insulin like and other growth factors and tumors
Kučera, Radek ; Topolčan, Ondřej (advisor) ; Klimeš, Jiří (referee) ; Šafarčík, Kristian (referee)
Inzulinu podobné a jiné růstové faktory a nádory Insulin like and other growth factors and tumors Disertační práce Plzeň 2011 Mgr. Radek Kučera Summary The interaction between growth factors and cancer incidence and development has been discussed recently. First works suggesting possible connection between increased production of insulin like growth factors with an increased incidence of tumors came already from early 80s of the last century. The aim of my work was focused on evaluation of possible relation between insulin like growth factors or their binding proteins and tumors from different perspectives, to assess their significance and try to determine what role the IGFs and IGFBPs may play in the current tumor diagnostics. The work itself is divided into two parts, the theoretical and practical ones. In the theoretical part, I summarized the action of IGF in human body and also focused on previous findings on the role of IGF system in cancer diagnoses. In the practical part, divided into three subsections, I focused on investigation of relations in a large set of patients with different cancer diagnoses, in a group of women with breast cancer and, finally, I focused on changes of IGF1 levels during follow-up. Theoretical part Insulin-like growth factors (IGF) are peptides, that participate on growth...
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Molecular mechanisms of physiological renewal and cancer transformation of mammalian gastrointestinal tissues
Stančíková, Jitka ; Kořínek, Vladimír (advisor) ; Macůrková, Marie (referee) ; Machoň, Ondřej (referee)
The plot of this PhD thesis is dedicated to investigation of the molecular pathways and events and their disruptions in the gastrointestinal tract (further abbreviated as GIT). The major role in this part plays the Wnt signaling pathway. This marvelous multipurpose machinery is responsible for epithelia renewal from stem cells (SCs) in the stomach and intestine, and for correct zonation and function of hepatic units. Of note, the Wnt pathway directs also development of embryo as well as homeostasis of many tissues apart from GIT in all metazoans, thus its flawless function is indispensable from one's origin to death. The main part of the thesis follows canonical Wnt signaling in its physiological condition and, in contrast, with pathological disturbances. This issue can be taken by variety of means as it is described in attached publications. The first publication deals with searching for new participants of Wnt signaling and their functions and describing unique markers of SCs in the intestine. Troy, the member of tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) superfamily, was identified as a novel marker of intestinal SCs by probing microarray data from chromatin immunoprecipitation obtained in cultured colorectal cancer cell lines. Moreover, we found that Troy is a Wnt target gene inhibiting the...
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Prevention yes or no.
Švancarová, Iveta ; Kulhavá, Miluše (advisor) ; Eislerová, Iva (referee)
In this paper I discuss the scope and availability of preventive care offered to the citizens in the Czech Republic. In summary, there is provided a legal framework for preventive examinations for adults, guidelines for their delivery, their complex content, including other preventive recommendations. Are mentioned preventive programs recommended cancer specialist oncology company, in accordance with the recommendations of the Council of the European Union. They are listed here preventative programs related to breast cancer, colorectal cancer and cervical cancer. Colorectal cancer is a analysis in more detail, including the possibility of screening tests and stool tests for blood in the stool. The research is by using questionnaires focused on the research, which covers just preventive examinations, stool tests for the presence of blood in the context of their use, customer information, including their compliance. There is an emphasis on recommendations and the need for good screening operation, interdepartmental cooperation and appropriate information to citizens. What lessons and assessment would wish to use in their workplace in an ambulance practitioner, including the transmission of information and experience with this topic colleagues in between the involved ambulances. Key words: prevention,...
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Biological mechanisms of function of the HIC1 tumor suppressor
Hlavatá, Adéla ; Kořínek, Vladimír (advisor) ; Macůrková, Marie (referee)
The tumor suppressor gene HIC1 encodes a BTB/POZ transcription repressor. Its promotor is frequently hypermetylated in large numbers of tumors. HIC1 also functions as a negative modulator of the Wnt signalling pathway, which fundamentally participates in regulation of stem cell renewal of the intestinal epithelium. Thanks to its structural features the intestinal epithelium represents a convenient model tissue to study stem cells and their pathology. To overcome the embryonic lethality of the complete Hic1 "knock-out" the conditional deletion of the gene in adult mouse tissue was chosen to evaluate the Hic1 biological aktivity. By the chip expression analysis of mouse embryonic fibroblasts we discovered a number of new target genes of Hic1, the most interesting of them - in respect to cancer - we considered the Toll-like receptor 2 gene. The expression of Hic1 target genes is likely to be co-regulated by p53 although the direct regulation wasn't proved. Hic1 affects the proportion of the differentiated intestinal epithelial cells types possibly via regulation of Atoh1. After conditional deletion of Hic1 in the intestinal epithelium we observed and quantitatively confirmed a significant increase of the amounts of goblet cells. We concluded that Hic1 affects differentiation pathways in intestinal...
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Insulin like and other growth factors and tumors
Kučera, Radek ; Topolčan, Ondřej (advisor) ; Klimeš, Jiří (referee) ; Šafarčík, Kristián (referee)
Inzulinu podobné a jiné růstové faktory a nádory Insulin like and other growth factors and tumors Disertační práce Plzeň 2011 Mgr. Radek Kučera Summary The interaction between growth factors and cancer incidence and development has been discussed recently. First works suggesting possible connection between increased production of insulin like growth factors with an increased incidence of tumors came already from early 80s of the last century. The aim of my work was focused on evaluation of possible relation between insulin like growth factors or their binding proteins and tumors from different perspectives, to assess their significance and try to determine what role the IGFs and IGFBPs may play in the current tumor diagnostics. The work itself is divided into two parts, the theoretical and practical ones. In the theoretical part, I summarized the action of IGF in human body and also focused on previous findings on the role of IGF system in cancer diagnoses. In the practical part, divided into three subsections, I focused on investigation of relations in a large set of patients with different cancer diagnoses, in a group of women with breast cancer and, finally, I focused on changes of IGF1 levels during follow-up. Theoretical part Insulin-like growth factors (IGF) are peptides, that participate on growth...
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Nursing care for patients with biliary tract malignancy.
ROUBALOVÁ, Jana
This thesis deals with nursing care for patients with biliary tract cancer. The theoretical part focuses on the issue of biliary tract cancer, the needs of patients in the preterminal stage of the disease with introduced percutaneous transhepatic drainage and the role of nurses during their meeting. Biliary tract tumours cause gradual blockage of the biliary tract, thus preventing the flow of bile; there is also the progression of icterus and pain. The patient develops sepsis. In many cases the disease proceeds rapidly and death is inevitable. One of the possible methods of bile removal from the blocked biliary tract in patients with inoperable tumours is percutaneous transhepatic drainage. The operation will not prolong the patient?s life, but it will improve the quality of life, i.e. it has only a palliative effect. One objective a three research questions were set for this thesis; the questions were focused on specific aspects of nursing care for patients with biliary tract cancer. Objective: 1. To find out specifics aspects of nursing care for patients with biliary tract cancer. Research questions: 1. What are the specific needs of patients with biliary tract cancer? 2. To what extent are patients with percutaneous transhepatic drainage informed about the care for the drainage? 3. Are the patients informed about their disease? To achieve the objective, qualitative research was used in the form of semi-structured interviews with patients with biliary tract cancer having percutaneous transhepatic drainage, hospitalized at the University Hospital in Pilsen, the Department of Internal Medicine specializing in gastrointestinal diseases. The first research question of the thesis was to find out what the specific needs of patients with biliary tract cancer were. The identified specific needs can help nurses to understand better the problems of this disease and to improve the quality of nursing care provision. The results revealed a number of needs that patients in nursing care miss or that are neglected by the nursing staff The second research question was to find out to what extent patients with percutaneous transhepatic drainage are informed about the care for the drainage. As regards the informedness about the care of the drainage, it was found out that, despite the efforts of the nurses to educate their patients properly, the patients were not interested in such education. That was due, in particular, to the high age of the patients. Most of them cannot cope with the care alone and they rely on assistance from the nursing staff or family members. The third research question was to find out to what extent the patients are informed about their disease. The responses from the interviews concerning this question showed at what level the awareness of the patients about their disease is. The research indicated that the patients have information about their disease obtained from the nursing staff, but they do not understand it in most cases. The patient requests information from the nurses but such information does not fall within their competences but within the competence of the doctor. Based on the findings, a booklet was compiled for patients with biliary tract cancer.
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