|
|
Pilot questioning of patological addiction on food - investigation accomplished in selected Prague fast food restaurants and sweetshops
Stará, Iveta ; Čablová, Lenka (advisor) ; Nevoralová, Monika (referee)
This thesis deals with the phenomenon of food addiction. The research was held among the customers of Prague sweetshops, fast foods and supermarkets. The aim of this work is to find the prevalence of this phenomenon if Prague population, which visits these organizations. The second aim of this work is to deal with prevalence of food dependence in relation with social - demographic readings, such as gender, age, the highest education and a level of month salary. It pays attention to the high incidence of different criterion of food addiction. Finally it deals with problematic foodstuff. This thesis is divided into two parts. The first theoretical part deals with the problems of food dependence. According to the bibliographic search this work reports on diagnostic methods for this illness and on most frequent problematic foodstuff, like additives in food. For better understanding of this problem I include to my work differences between eating disorders, obesity and food addiction. In this theoretic part, there is also article which deals with results of researches on rodents and human beings. This article confirms that this illness exists. The second practical part of this work deals with particular research for which the questionnaire from the United States (named Yale food addiction scale) was...
|
|
|
NaCl intake in the diet of patients with severe arterial hypertension
Křišťálová, Kateřina ; Petrák, Ondřej (advisor) ; Štrauch, Branislav (referee)
Arterial hypertension is a serious cardiovascular disease which has developed at around 2.5 million people in the Czech Republic. It is a civilization disease with progressive occurrence among the population of the Czech Republic. This bachelor thesis deals with the diet of the patients with the arterial hypertension with focus to the intake of the cooking salt in the food. Excessive amount of the cooking salt in the food is believed to be one of the main risk factors for the development of the arterial hypertension. The aim of this thesis is an evaluation of the particular dietary habits from the point of the nutritional therapy. Theoretical part of the thesis describes arterial hypertension its causes classification epidemiology diagnostics and last but not least its treatment. Practical part of the thesis is based on the anonymous questionnaire. Questionnaire is focused on the questions concerning basic demographic characteristics in the clinical treatment of hypertension and on the questions concerning non-pharmacological treatment i.e. nutrition (with focus on the cooking salt) and physical activity. The aim is to find out the quality of arterial hypertension patients' diet, their awareness of the proper diet, their adherence to the proper diet, whether patients avoid salty and improper food and their...
|
|
|
Endothelin system and the role of salt in hypertension
Čejková, Soňa ; Vaněčková, Ivana (advisor) ; Soták, Matúš (referee)
Although hypertension is studied for several decades, this problem is still not solved. Moreover, its incidence increases. Most cases of secondary hypertension is associated with the kidneys, the most important organ regulating the volume and ionic composition of body fluids. If the kidneys are damaged, or intake of salt is excessive, they are unable to fulfill their role and blood pressure (BP) increases. Especially salt contributes to secondary hypertension. Excessive salt intake increases the volume of body fluids and subsequently increases BP, and secondary act on the mechanisms regulating BP, mainly the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and endotelin (ET) system. Endothelin-1 (ET 1) is the main active peptide of the ET system. ET-1 is one of the most potent vasoconstrictors. It acts through ET receptors type A and B (ETA and ETB receptors), which belong to the family of receptors coupled with G-proteins. The effects of ETA and ETB receptors differ depending on the type of cells where they are located. For example, ETB receptors in vascular smooth muscle contribute to vasoconstriction, whereas the same receptors on endothelial cells of blood vessels mediate vasodilation (stimulating the production of NO). In the kidney, ET system affects excretion of Na+and water and contribute to the regulation...
|
|
|
The FRG in the Western Defence System, 1969-1974
Kminiak, Tomáš ; Horčička, Václav (advisor) ; Soukup, Jaromír (referee)
The Master's Thesis on the Inflow of the Federal Republic of Germany in the Western Security System, 1969-1974, consists of four and tied parts. The first part is an introduction, which has put the reader into the problem of this work. It also includes the methodology of processing of the archival sources and secondary literature and their evaluation too. The Second part is an analyses of the question of Treaty on the Non-proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT), the importance of this Treaty for the future development and the position of the so-called Grand coaliton in relation to NPT. The third part is an analyses the question of détente policy and conception of Willy Brandt's European security policy, then the problem of the implications of the US/USSR Strategic Arms Limitation Talks for the security status of the Federal Republic of Germany and also the developing of mutual relationships of FRG with NATO in SALT process and involvement of the Nixon administrative in this policy. This chapter also includes the problem of the question of the importance of SPD/FDP security policy in an international context. The fourth chapter is a study of the internal political reasons of Willy Brandt's security policy, mainly the problem of existence of a terrorist group, the Red Army Faction. At the end of this...
|
|
|
Dietary salt intake in preschool-aged children
Prchalová, Hana ; Bušová, Milena (advisor) ; Kudlová, Eva (referee)
Dietary salt intake in preschool-aged children Abstract This work is devoted to the intake of table salt in preschool children. Although salt has an irreplaceable role in the human organism, the human population is currently struggling with its excess in diet, which can lead to complications in patiens with arterial hypertension or other chronic diseases. Since the habit to salty taste is learned, it is advisable to reduce salt intake from childhood. The aim of this work was to find out how much table salt is taken by children of preschool age and what foods are its main source. The research involved 3 kindergartens, whose main cooks wrote down the amount of salt used in cooking for 10 days, another source of information about salt in food was menus and stock picking lists from which it was possible to find out how much salt did children in kindergarten take. The second research subject was 10 children whose parents wrote down exact amount of food and salt added to meals for 1 week. Subsequently, the results were entered into graphs and evaluated.The research shows that children consume almost 3 times more salt at home than in the case of all-day meals in kindergarten. The main source of salt in the home environment and in kindergartens are bakery products, despote the reformulations are taking place, there...
|
|
|
Utilization of physicochemical and spectroscopic techniques in study of stress-response of cyanobacteria
Skoryk, Maksym ; Šedrlová, Zuzana (referee) ; Sedláček, Petr (advisor)
Tato bakalářská práce je soustředěná na zkoumaní cyanobakterií, vystavených hyper a hyposmotickým stresům. Na základě literární rešerše byly navžené vhodné analytické metody určené ke studiu dvou modelových organismu - Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 a Synechocystis sp. salina Wislouch CCALA 192. Celkem čtyři metody byly použité k charakterizaci osmoticky zatížených bakterií. Průtoková cytometrie byla použita k vyhodnocení viability. Fluorescenční sonda SYTOX Blue poskytla důvěryhodnou informaci ohledně viability bakterií. Propidium jodid naopak poskytl nezřetelnou informaci. Optické vlastnosti cyanobakterií byly prozkoumané pomoci UV-VIS absorpčních a turbidimetrických měření. Termogravimetrická analýza byla použita pro mapování změn obsahu vody v osmoticky stresovaných buňkách. Tato metoda ukazala. že PHB-positivní Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 jsou pravděpodobně vice odolné vůči hyperosmotickým stresům než PHB-negativní. Plynová chromatografie byla použita ke kvantifikaci vnitrobuněčného PHB, který činil přibližně 1-2 % suché hmoty PHB-positivních buněk.
|
|
|
Salt intake in infants
KRÁLOVÁ, Veronika
This bachelor's thesis deals with salt intake for infants. This is a current topic as there are lots of discussions about excessive salt intake nowadays. Taste for salt is developed in childhood and it influences its subsequent perception. Long-term excessive salt intake in food can cause a risk of hypertension. According to professor Janda, recommended daily amount of salt for an infant should not be more than 1 g. The aim of this bachelor's thesis is to find out the intake of salt for infants. There were two research questions formulated: "What is the intake of salt in food for infants?" and "What is the difference between salt intake for infants being only breast-fed, infants being fed by complementary milk food and those being fed by non-milk complementary food. The thesis is divided into two parts, theoretical and practical. The theoretical one describes the issue of salt intake, the practical one contains qualitative research. The focus group was comprised of 12 infants who were divided into 3 groups of 4. Infants up to 4 months old were in the first group, infants between 4-8 months old were in the second group and infants between 8-12 months were in the third group. Every fourth infant was chosen from the database of supervisor's patients. Three-days diet records were received from the mothers of the infants. Based on these records the amount of salt was further calculated in the Nutriservis program. The results of the survey are presented in charts and in word evaluation. The research shows that, from the point of view of salt intake, mother's milk is ideal infant food. The recommended amount of salt was not exceeded for neither of the chosen infants. The infants being fed only with mother's milk had the lowest salt intake, whereas the infants being fed with non-milk complementary food had the highest salt intake. This bachelor's thesis can serve as a source of information for students of nutritional therapy as well as for mothers of infants.
|
|
|
Salt intake in women over 60 years and impact of food on their blood pressure
KLOUZKOVÁ, Barbora
Worldwide reported about salt intake is higher than the recommended amount. Actually literature reported amount by 5 - 7 g of NaCl per day. Czech Republic has same recommended number of NaCl. My bachelor thesis is about to find out how is the salt intake for selected respondents over 60 years old and how this quantity have effect to their blood pressure. I chose a qualitative research method, where I tracked salt intake, urine waste and blood pressure values. I didn´t use any nutritional databases, when I got the amount of salt I received. I checked the packages of foods that reported the amount of salt. Thanks to EU Regulation 1169/2011, it is now the duty of the manufacturer write quantity of NaCl on the packages of product. I also weighed all the salt we added to the foods. On the basis of these calculations, I determined the intake of NaCl per day and total of four days. I chose those foods, which salt intake was on the packages and I knew exactly amount. I measured the blood pressure, at the same time. The values from the morning, at noon and in the evening I wrote. Eventually, I collected urine, which was subsequently examined for mineral waste on the last day. As a check to see if the waste corresponds to intake, serve test results from laboratory. On the basis of the research, we found out that the recommended personal daily intake of NaCl was not exceeded, in this age category. The blood pressure values did not correspond to hypertension, and the results from the laboratory, correspond to the amount of salt received.
|
|
|
The salt intake in school children´s diet
MIČULKOVÁ, Barbora
It is generally known that the intake of salt in civilized countries has been currently multiple times exceeding the recommended amount that was set by the World Health Organization to less than 5 grams per a day. In Czech Republic this dose has been exceeded up to three times. The aim of this bachelor thesis is to evaluate the amount of the salt in lunches at school cafeterias in regards to the current nutritional recommendations. The thesis is divided into two parts, theoretical and practical. The theoretical part is about importance of sodium and salt in human diet, recommended amount of salt for adults and children, and complications related to its excessive intake. Furthermore it focuses on the occurrence of salt in food, the reduction of the salt in the diet and the nutrition of children. In the practical part I worked with five school canteens in České Budějovice, that provided me with weekly menus along with the list of raw materials and the quantity of salt used in individual lunches. The sodium content was evaluated by the Nutriservis Professional application, in which I inserted the raw materials the lunches were cooked from. According to the equation, I converted the amount of sodium to the amount of salt, added the amount of salt contained in average portion served at school canteens and compared the total amount to 1,7 grams, which is supposed to be in one portion. Based on the results of the verbal evaluation tables, all the school canteens of the research group exceeded the recommended salt limit in all the observed days. Groups of foods that have greatly influenced their high salt content include bakery products, cheeses and meat products. More attention needs to be paid to this subject, on the part of parents, and school canteens.
|
|
|
Salt precipitation in subsurface zone of sandstone and other porous rocks and simulation of water transport and evaporation
Sommerová, Anna ; Bruthans, Jiří (advisor) ; Filippi, Michal (referee)
The main goal of this thesis was to find and compare salt-forming ions from samples of a subsurface zone of sandstone and other porous rocks. The surveyed samples came from different environments (humid and arid climate) from different locations in the Czech Republic, Jordan and the United States of America. Identification of various types of salt was based on evaluation of chemical analyzes of leached samples. Furthermore a laboratory experiment in which I used a fluorescein dye to observe the capillary rise and evaporation in unsaturated samples of sandstone was carried out. The salt content in the Czech Republic humid environment locations is generally lower than the one in foreign arid climate locations. Halit dominates in the locations Petra and Crystal Peak. In the other locations sulphate minerals dominate. The salts containing aluminum - alums were determined in the Czech Republic in the area of Czech Paradise and the surrounding. Relatively high concentrations of nitrate mineral nitratine were identified in the Devil's Pulpit location in Pilsen, the Czech Republic. From the observation of capillary rising experiments performed with artificially created honeycombs, I conclude that the height of the capillary rise is crucial for the transport of solution, and at a certain capillary height,...
|
guest ::
