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The Role of the Secretary General in the United Nations
Ouzká, Tereza ; Bílková, Veronika (advisor) ; Faix, Martin (referee)
The goal of this Thesis entitled The Role of the Secretary General in the United Nations is to respond to the following questions: What is the role of the Secretary-General in the United Nations and how did the position change due to historical circumstances. The Thesis opens with a chapter dealing with the evolution from the League of Nations to the United Nations focusing on the role of the Secretary General. The next Chapter concentrates on the competences of the Secretary-General in relation to the other UN bodies. The third Chapter analyzes reforms proposed by several of the Secretaries General. The essay also discusses the diplomatic role of the Secretary General in the international environment and his/her relationship with non-governmental parties and the private sector. The text proposes examples illustrating successes and failures of the Secretaries General in specific situations. The Thesis also focuses on expanding of competences of the Secretary General achieved by individual representatives of this function. The text demonstrates that the Secretary General plays an important role in today's globalized society despite the fact that this position is often marginalized by the other UN bodies.
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The legal nature and research of resolutions of the UN Security Council under Chapter VII of the UN Charter
Vneková, Monika ; Šturma, Pavel (advisor) ; Faix, Martin (referee)
The United Nations Security Council is primarily responsible for maintenance of international peace and security according to the Charter of the United Nations. To achieve this goal, it is authorized to adopt resolutions binding on member states under Chapter VII of the Charter. Considering the character of situations to which the Security council responds through its Chapter VII resolutions, this legal instrument often stirs emotions among the general public. But what does the law itself say about the Chapter VII resolutions? What is their legal nature and value in the field of public international law? This thesis provides an analysis of the Chapter VII resolutions, offers a definition of a Chapter VII resolution and analyzes some specific resolutions by which the Security Council acted more as a quasi-judicial or a quasi-legislative body. Through analysis of content limits of the Security Council powers, the thesis endeavors to confirm that binding nature of the Chapter VII resolutions as well as an obligation of member states to give effect to those resolutions do have its boundaries; and despite the special role of the Security Council in the field of public international law, its Chapter VII resolutions cannot have unlimited content. First of all, the resolutions cannot be in conflict with...
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Implementation of the mandate of the UNPROFOR mission in Bosnia and Herzegovina between 1992-1995
Lalić, Jan ; Tejchman, Miroslav (advisor) ; Pikal, Kamil (referee)
The unwillingness of the international community to become involved militarily in Bosnian civil war between 1992-1995, made the United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR) a substitute for a decisive action. The absence of any foreseeable prospect of truce, which would have been supported by the presence of peacekeepers, led to the establishment of strictly humanitarian mandate for UN troops in the first phase of the war. They were supposed, in cooperation with the United Nations High Commisioner for Refugees (UNHCR), to secure functioning of the Sarajevo airport for humanitarian relief purposes and subsequently provide security for the UNHCR and its convoys providing humanitarian relief. Thesis "Implementation of the mandate of the UNPROFOR mission in Bosnia and Herzegovina between 1992-1995" deals with issues concerning humanitarian mandate in particular. This thesis aims to explain, through descriptive analysis, motives leading international community to deploy lightely armed peacekeeprs with uncharacteristic mandate to the region, which is absolutely inadequate for peacekeeping operations as I will show. It will subsequently analyze course of the implementation and problems, which were encountered by UN troops. The aim of this thesis is to prove, that UNPROFOR was not absolute failure as it is perceived,...
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The role of the United Nations in resolving the Israeli-Palestinian conflict
Knížová, Jana ; Havlová, Radka (advisor) ; Novotná, Yvona (referee)
The aim of this diploma thesis is to evaluate the role of the United Nations Organization in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. It describes the positions of both the State of Israel and the Palestine Liberation Organization in the United Nations. The thesis furthermore assesses reactivity and objectiveness of UN in this conflict. There are no doubts that the conflict has always been in the centre of interest of the United Nations. However, the importance of UN is perceived to be decreasing since the 70's. This paper evaluates whether UN is still contributing to the resolution of the conflict and if yes, in what particular fields. In the first chapter I discuss the main conflict resolution instruments available to UN. The second chapter describes the origins and the course of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict throughout the 20th century leading to the current situation. The last three chapters present an analysis of three levels of UN activities in the conflict - political, security and humanitarian.
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Reform of the Security Council: Global governance and representation
Pajgrt, Adam ; Zemanová, Štěpánka (advisor) ; Dubský, Zbyněk (referee)
This work deals with the striking gap between the goals set by the UN and its actual activity. It discusses the obstacles especially in the way of solving conflicts within one state. It stresses the need for a change in the decision making proces within the council as well as in the representation of the council, which should consequently lead to a change in the UN Charter. This change is necessary in order to address the conflict between human right and state sovereignty.
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