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Pollution of karst watercourses in Říčka river basin
Chlopčíková, Anna ; Tůma, RNDr Antonín (referee) ; Malá, Jitka (advisor)
This bachelor's thesis is focused on the monitoring of pollution parameters in the Moravian Karst area, sampling and the analyses of samples once every 4 weeks. In total, 9 water samples were taken from 8 sampling points. Flow rate, temperature, conductivity, concentration of dissolved oxygen and pH value were measured at each sampling point. Afterwards, content of suspended solids, CODcr, BOD5, ammonia (N-NH4), nitrites (N-NO2), nitrates (N-NO3), organic nitrogen (Norg) and total phosphorus (Ptot) were determined in the samples. At the end of the thesis, the obtained results were compared with each other and with the values stipulated by Government Decree No. 401/2015 Coll. The parameters were processed into tables that provide an overview of average, minimum, and maximum values on each of the sampling points. These tables indicate values that exceed the limits set by the legislation. Also, the change of parameters in time and along the river flow was evaluated from the measured values.
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Removal of phosphorus in denitrifying bioreactor
Chlopčíková, Anna ; Hrich, Karel (referee) ; Malá, Jitka (advisor)
Nitrogen and phosphorus are involved in many processes on the Planet Earth. Especially in agricultural areas water is contaminated by nutrients, which can cause the eutrophication of surface waters, and other problems. The solution could be use of denitrifying bioreactors, which are used for the reduction of high nitrate concentrations in shallow groundwaters. The subject of the thesis was the study of phosphorus removal in the denitrification bioreactor by steel turnings, which are constituent part of the organic load of the bioreactor. Steel turnings release Fe, which causes the precipitation and adsorption of P. Eight bioreactors were filled with poplar woodchips. To these columns just above the surface were added model water enriched with nitrate nitrogen, phosphate phosphate was added to 4 columns, where two of them were enhanced by the addition of steel turnings upstream of the wood medium. Sampling and the analyses of the samples were determined weekly, determination of the phosphorus, iron and other substances necessary for the detection of processes in the bioreactor was performed. The dependence of phosphorus removal on the bioreactor operating conditions was evaluated based on measured data, and the effect of iron on the biological denitrification process was also assessed. Steel turnings have been found to be effective in removing TP, but it is necessary to solve iron leaching in the future. The concentration of phosphorus was reduced up to 0 mg/l on the effluent from the denitrification bioreactors, efficiency of phosphorus removal reached 100 %. The presence of steel chips had no effect on denitrification speed. The denitrification process was also successful in the phosphorus removal columns. From the point of view of leaching of substances and iron, the removal of N and P seems to be preferable in dry period during stoppage with no water fillings. Shutdown of bioreactors with flooded filling caused high concentrations of leached iron up to 149 mg/l
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Phosphorus forms in river sediments
Schrimpelová, Kateřina ; Hrich, Karel (referee) ; Malá, Jitka (advisor)
Two main mechanism of immobilization of phosphorus in sediments are formation of insoluble phosphates of Ca, Mg, Fe, Al, and sorption. Phosphorus can be also immobilized as organic phosphorus contained in the biomass. This thesis is focused on searching of relationships between total, organic and inorganic phosphorus and iron, calcium and organic matter content in fluvial sediments. Within the framework of this thesis, samples of sediments have been collected and analyzed. The measured values have been filled by the data measured at the Institute of Chemistry in the years 2011-2012. Total number of samples is 48. Data have been statistically analyzed by Student’s t-test at the = 0,05 and = 0,01 levels of significance. The relationships between total phosphorus and iron and organic matter have been proven. Also the relationship between organic phosphorus and organic matter content has been proven and surprisingly the correlation with iron, too. The inorganic phosphorus indicated significant relationship with iron, but no significant relationship with the calcium content. At last there has been proven the correlation between inorganic phosphorus and the organic matter content.
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Integration of material and energy utilization of sewage sludge
Zakov, Tomáš ; Brummer, Vladimír (referee) ; Krišpín, Jan (advisor)
This master thesis deals in first part with options and trends on field of municipal sewage sludge management. Further thesis describes legislation in relation with sewage sludge and its incineration in European union and also in Czech republic. Second part of thesis deals with design of mechanism for material and energetic use of sludge. In design is progressively processed chioce of aparates and material and energetic balance. This data are further used for mechine technical solution of the unit. Disposition of the unit is done acording to chosen and calculated parameter of chosen aparates. Economical evaluate of project if based on investment and operation costs and capacity design of unit in the end of thesis.
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The Use of Recycled Building Materials for Wastewater Treatment
Zedník, Ondřej ; Pumprlová Němcová, Miroslava (referee) ; Kriška-Dunajský, Michal (advisor)
The constantly tightening wastewater treatment legislation require high-quality runoff from small-scale producers of pollution who are typically represented by small municipalities up to 500 inhabitants or decentralized parts of larger municipalities. Small municipalities are faced with high investment-intensity associated with the acquisition of new wastewater treatment plant. After several years of development, today natural technologies of wastewater treatment are in competition with mechanical-biological treatment plants. Natural technologies can even achieve better results than popular biological treatment plants. However, natural technology does not eliminate the main investment limit connected with the acquisition of wastewater treatment plant. If there was cheaper solution connected with using alternative filter materials (in our case recycled construction and demolition waste), small municipalities could take constructed wetland without large subsides. At the same time, the use of recycled construction and demolition wastes will lead to benefits in the field of sustainable urban development and replacement of non-renewable materials. Despite these benefits, recycled aggregates have never been considered as alternative filter materials for natural wastewater treatment plants. For that reason, the aim of diploma thesis is to assess the possibility of applying recycled aggregates for wastewater treatment which will include evaluation of real trial operation.
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Recycling of phosphorus from waste water
Szotkowski, Matěj ; Bojanovský, Jiří (referee) ; Brummer, Vladimír (advisor)
The focus of this thesis is to create an overview of methods that are used to recycle phosphorus from waste products, primarily from wastewater. The first section of the thesis is dedicated to problems stemming from the limitations of phosphorus resources, their usage and legislative background of phosphorus recycling. Next the physicochemical and biological methods of phosphorus recycling from wastewater and products of its further processing in WWTP are addressed. This part of the thesis contains description of phosphorus recycling methods, their final products and implemented technologies. Brief review regarding the recycling of phosphorus from other waste products including the description of implemented methods follows. In the subsequent part the economic analysis of a chosen phosphorus recycling method (PASCH) is conducted. In the analysis the legislation, processing plant and individual expenditures connected with the method are described. Findings obtained and gathered during the process of the thesis creation are discussed and summarized in the conclusion.
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Acquiring of phosphorus from sewage sludge
Boubínová, Marie ; Chorazy, Tomáš (referee) ; Hlavínek, Petr (advisor)
The diploma thesis is focused on phosphorus recovery from sewage sludge. In the first part of the thesis, research of phosphorus recovery from sewage sludge is explained. Reusing of phosphorus, a critical material of mankind, is expressed with the principles of the circular economy. The second part of the thesis defines the potential of phosphorus extraction from sewage sludge from medium-sized (Trutnov WWTP) and large (Modřice WWTP) wastewater treatment plant and a technical and economic study of the proposed phosphorus recycling system at these wastewater treatment plants is described.
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Removal of phosphorous at constructed treatment wetlands
Štěpáníků, Alex ; Mrvová, Michaela (referee) ; Pumprlová Němcová, Miroslava (advisor)
This Bachelor thesis deals with issues of the removal of phosphorus in constructed (treatment) wetland. The main purpose of this thesis is to make literature review with focus on different technology of the removal of phosphorus from small community waste water treatment plants and evaluate their appropriateness for usage in constructed (treatment) wetlands. Sub-chapters deal with the topic of constructed (treatment) wetlands with a focus on the removal of phosphorus in broader context. The result of this thesis is recommendation for specific technological solutions, that could be used in constructed (treatment) wetlands. Part of this thesis is practical example of the design of selected technology for the removal of phosphorus for a real constructed (treatment) wetland.
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Phosphorus and its compounds in the environment
Lefnerová, Marcela ; Řezáčová, Veronika (referee) ; Komendová, Renata (advisor)
This bachelor´s thesis deal with problems of phosphorus in waters, mainly in garden pond. This thesis analyse phosphorus attributes, forms of occurrence and negative effect in excessive occurrence. Next part is concentrate on common methods for remove phosphorus from water and methods of determination in waters and soils. For thesis on important mainly chapter about mobile analyse. Last part deals directly with bathing ecological ponds and Union of founding and maintenance of green. This part occupy with goals this union and introduction of control of materials, mainly from point of view of volume of phosphorus infuse to pond water.
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