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Admission of polytraumatized patient to the hospital - preparation of simulated scenarios for paramedics and nurses
ŠEVČÍKOVÁ, Tereza
The most common cause of death of children and adolescents is trauma. The Czech Republic is dominating and ranks in leading positions in Europe. Children mostly occur in situations such as falls, traffic accidents, when the child is in the position of a passenger or is represented as a pedestrian or cyclist. Other causes include burns, drowning or suffocation. Treatment in the first 20 minutes is most important for the patient's further prognosis. Therefore, it is necessary to proceed quickly during treatment and provide emergency assistance first - which means securing the airways and circulation. A polytraumatized patient is considered as one in a very serious condition who needs acute assistance from rescue services. When admitting a polytraumatized patient to the hospital, it is important for the rescue team to organize the work and provide it to the patient with the fastest and highest quality care. The diploma thesis is elaborated in theoretical form and is divided into four parts. Scientific information was obtained when studying professional literature. It was Czech and foreign literature and both monographic works and scientific periodicals were used. The process of nursing care procedures for children with polytrauma and my personal experience as a nurse working at the resuscitation department for children greatly contributed to the extended data collection for the diploma thesis. The diploma thesis creates a summary of procedures for the admission of a polytraumatized patient and enables a better orientation in the provision of nursing care for children. It focuses on differences in the provision of emergency care for children and highlights priorities in the treatment of patients in pre-hospital and hospital care. It also points to the clash of non-medical staff with doctors and the ability to cooperate in the provision of care within the rescue team. The diploma thesis provides information on the topic of admission of a polytraumatized patient to the hospital and is intended primarily for non-medical healthcare professionals, but also for the professional and lay public.
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Use of Occupational Therapy in Children with Williams Syndrome up to 15 years
Matoušová, Zita ; Dvořáková, Petra (advisor) ; Kuželková, Anna (referee)
BACHELOR THESIS ABSTRACT Name, Surname: Zita Matoušová Supervisor: Mgr. Petra Dvořáková Consultant: Mgr. Kateřina Rybářová Title: Use of Occupational Therapy in Children with Williams Syndrome up to 15 years Abstract: Williams syndrome also known as Williams-Beuren syndrome is a rare genetic disease caused by microdeletion of chromosome 7. The extensive clinical picture significantly affects the daily life of children with this diagnosis. The care for children with Williams syndrome requires an intervention of a multidisciplinary team, which also includes an occupational therapist. The aim of this bachelor thesis is to define the role of occupational therapist and areas of intervention for children under 15 years of age with Williams syndrome. The theoretical part of the bachelors thesis briefly describes the general issues related to diagnosis, disease prevalence, clinical characteristics, the operations of the association for Williams syndrome in the Czech Republic, treatment and therapeutic options. The aim is to introduce the issue. Subsequently, the work deals mainly with the description of occupational therapy and its application in this rare disease. The practical part of the work contains the elaboration of two therapeutic case reports, on which a possible occupational therapy intervention for a...
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Role of nurse in organ donation in pediatric patiens
Votavová, Kateřina ; Kulířová, Veronika (advisor) ; Hocková, Jana (referee)
The topic of my diploma thesis is the issue of nursing care in pediatric patients before consumption of organs at the resuscitation department. I consider this topic socially very topical because the number of transplant candidates on transplantation lists is constantly increasing. Since child transplant candidates are the most vulnerable group, I have focused on child organ donors. The theoretical part criticizes the concept of death and threat, including examination methods that lead to brain death. I present the activities of the Coordination Center of the Transplant and Coordi- nated Coordinator in a donor program that seeks to proliferate the transplant program. An important component is legal legislation and ethical aspects, which are an integral part of the donor system in the Czech Republic. Study materials I searched in the databases NLK, SVKKL, Medvik, Embase, PubMed, Wiley Online Library, Medscape. The research was conducted from the National Medical Library and from the Central Bohemian Library in Kladno. I got statistical data from web sources, especially from KST. Methodology: The choice of the case study best fulfills the requirements necessary to map the key moments of nursing care, which may play a role in the timely indication of a potential organ donor, as well as in considering...
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Role of nurse in organ donation in pediatric patiens
Votavová, Kateřina ; Kulířová, Veronika (advisor) ; Pražáková, Zuzana (referee)
The topic of my diploma thesis is the issue of nursing care in pediatric pati- ents before consumption of organs at the resuscitation department. I consider this topic socially very topical because the number of transplant candidates on transplantation lists is constantly increasing. Since child transplant can- didates are the most vulnerable group, I have focused on child organ donors. The theoretical part criticizes the concept of death and threat, including examination methods that lead to brain death. I present the activities of the Coordination Center of the Transplant and Coordinated Coordinator in a donor program that seeks to proliferate the transplant program. An important component is legal legislation and ethical aspects, which are an integral part of the donor system in the Czech Republic. Study materials I searched in the databases NLK, SVKKL, Medvik, Embase, PubMed, Wiley Online Library, Medscape. The research was conducted from the National Medical Library and from the Central Bohemian Library in Kladno. I got statistical data from web sources, especially from KST. Methodology: The choice of the case study best fulfills the requirements necessary to map the key moments of nursing care, which may play a role in the timely indication of a potential organ donor, as well as in considering...
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Radiological visualization methods of the cranium by children
BALABÁNOVÁ, Klára
In this bachelor work were examined the imaging methods of the children´s skull. The number of the skull injury move upwards with the rising age. There are different causes of the skull injury falling on the head, car accident, but it could be also an effect of the abuse. It depends on the doctor, which of the examination methods he chooses. All patients and especially children must have the radiation load as small as you can get it. The chosen examination method must bring high-quality result. Special approach to children, professionalism, thoroughness and patience are in the pediatric radiology necessary, because the cooperation with the children is sometimes very difficult. Knowledge of clinic pediatrics and special knowledge by some examinations are required, because children´s disease have another development as by adults. The goal of this work is to acquaint with the radiological visualization methods of skull, as for example X-ray, computational tomography, magnetic resonance and sonography. Particular visualization machines and methods were described in the work. One separate chapter was dedicated to particular X-ray projections. Sonography is more and more used, mainly in the group of small children, for example to post-natal examination of hips. CT is also more and more indicated because of its speed. CT and MR are very difficult for children and their parents, but also for staff. The children could be afraid of the tunnel construction of this machine. Because of the difficult cooperation with the children it is sometimes necessary to give them calming stuff or general anesthesia. There must be an approval for the examination from the parents or legal representative, when these stuffs are given or when different examination machines are used. In the work is also described the anatomy of the skull, there are also described the differences between children´s and adult skull, development of the skull and the sexual differences of the skull. The form of the children´s skull is different from the adult skull. The goal of the second part is to compare the number of examination from the year 2008 to 2013 depending on imaging modalities (RTG, CT, MR), age and sex. The next goal is the gaining of the total number of examination of children´s skull divided into different examination modalities. The goal was to find an answer to a question, whether special X-ray images are still indicated, also when CT is available and whether the number of indications that serve to examination of children by magnetic resonance rises. To answer this research question it was used the statistics from the radiological department of Klinikum Passau and it was made the analysis. The chapter "Results" contains graphs that are made from the available statistics. The graphs are described in this chapter. Some of the results are represented in tables. This chapter is connected with another chapter "Discussion", where the results from Klinikum Passau are compared with the results from two bachelor works and two articles in the journal Injury Prevention, poisoning and violence. The results show the all goals of the work were fulfilled and represented and the answer on both research questions is positive. Yes, the special X-ray images of the skull are still indicated, also when CT is available and the number of indications that serve to examination of children by magnetic resonance still rises. Interesting result was that the most frequent examination in Klinikum Passau in the radiological department was in the last years the examination by magnetic resonance with the contrasting stuff. The statistics was influenced by the fact that it was worked out just in radiological department. Children´s department is separate and has its own X-ray, so there are also X-ray images. This bachelor work can serve as an educational and additional material for students and the workers of this profession.
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The specifics of pediatric radiology
KOLÁŘOVÁ, Veronika
Hardly anything is able to induce stronger emotions in the average man than those induced by matters relating to children. Paediatric patients are not little adults, so not only high-quality modern instrumentation and specific procedures, but also the medical staff?s professional attitude and an adapted environment are desirable when applying radiologic diagnostic imaging techniques. The priority requirement is generally to minimize the radiation burden ? both the overall dose and especially the gonadal dose. In terms of radiation protection, it applies twice to children that the indication for the use of an examination must always be thoroughly considered. A paediatric radiologist must always accurately determine the correct sequence of individual methods (a so-called examination algorithm) that will give the best diagnostic result with the lowest radiation burden and invasiveness. The aim of this bachelor?s thesis was to analyze the difference in a radiology assistant?s approach to a child and to an adult during radiology examinations and to determine whether a child and his/her legal guardian, if any, have sufficient information when the child undergoes radiology examinations. To clear up the aims of the bachelor?s thesis, research using a technique in which two questionnaires were used was used to collect data. The questionnaires were in both the printed form and the electronic form. The surveys took place in selected radiology departments in Strakonice, in Pisek, in Plzeň, and in Ústí nad Labem. The respondents chose from the answer options for some questions and filled in their answers for the others. The respondents? answers are represented using graphs in the ?Results? chapter. The individual graphs are described there and the most interesting answers to questionnaire questions are supplemented by general thoughts and my personal assumptions and opinions in the following ?Discussion? chapter. The practical part of the bachelor?s thesis proves that the aim of the thesis was achieved. The research questions were answered. The surveys found that the answer to the first research question, i.e. whether radiography assistants take a different approach to a child and to an adult when applying radiological imaging methods, was ?yes?. Radiography assistants take a different approach to a child and to an adult. The answer to the second research question, i.e. whether a child and his or her legal guardian, if any, have sufficient information on radiological examinations, is also positive. A child and his or her legal guardian, if any, have sufficient information on radiological examinations. I have summarised the results of my work in the ?Conclusion? chapter. Further, the surveys found that persons accompanying a child perceive the environment of radiology departments as a friendly, safe and comfortable environment. The only lack of accompanying persons? awareness that could be perceived negatively from the results of the questionnaires within this bachelor?s thesis is the finding that the lay public is not clear about the amount of radiation received during certain radiological examinations (CTs and X-ray examinations) and that the possibility of buying the record of a radiological examination on a CD is not generally known. There is room for active radiology workers who are interested in raising public awareness about radiology examinations. This bachelor?s thesis proved that also lay persons accompanying children are interested in being a part of the team, trying to achieve a beneficial result of the examination. The purpose of the bachelor?s thesis was to prepare a comprehensive text on issues of specifics in paediatric radiology that can be used as supplementary material when examining children.
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