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Technologie sklizně pícnin
Augustin, Jan
This publication is about possibilities of using forage, methods of conservation and especially about machinery for forage´s harvest. Practical part is economical comparision of machines for mowing and raking of the forage. This procedure is used for making haylage. Comparision is targeting for evaluating of each machinery consedering costs.
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Využití pícnin ve výživě kura domácího
Anderle, Vojtěch
The aim of the study was to determine nutrient quality of chosen green fodders, to find amount of consumed green fodder and to find the effect of these consumption on chicken performance and carcass quality. In laying hens the aim was to evaluate the effect of feeding green fodders and different ways of their conservation on hens’ performance and egg quality. To fulfill the aims six experiments was carried out. In the first experiment the content of AMEn, apparent ileal digestibility of crude protein and amino acids in clover and rye grass in chicken was estimated. In the second and third experiment the effect of green fodders consumption on chicken performance and carcass quality was observed. In the fourth experiment with chicken free range with pasture was used. In the fifth and sixth the experiments the effect of different green fodders and their conservation on laying hens performance and egg quality were observed.
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Možnosti využití luskovin v pícninářství
Paulová, Nikol
This bachelor thesis provides information about the most important fodder plants produced in the Czech Republic. Fodder is used as a feed material in several forms as fresh fodder, silage or processed by hot dry air. The suitability of particular species for these forms is mentioned in the thesis. There are some advantages in crop rotations with legumes resulted from their biological characteristics. One of them is nitrogen fixation which reduces the need of nitrogen fertilizers and it can have a positive influence on the yield of the following crop. The thesis is also focused on the possible ways of growing legumes, agrotechnology of crops sowed as a monoculture or with other components. We can reduce the negative characteristic of legumes if they are sowed with other components rather than in monoculture. One part of the thesis belongs to costs of production. The costs are showed on the example of pea sowed with lucerne.
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The influence of long - term fertilization on the lucerne forage quality
Čítková, Lenka ; Hakl, Josef (advisor) ; Václav, Václav (referee)
Forage quality of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is essential in relation to animal feeding. The increase of available nutrients in the soil by fertilization is one of the ways to influence it. The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the impact of long-term fertilization on the quality and the stand structure of alfalfa.
The long - term experiment with fertilization was established in 1955 at the Research Institute of Crop Production in Prague - Ruzyně. The experiment with alfalfa stand was established in the spring of 2013, as undersowing alfalfa in spring barley. Six different variants of fertilization were evaluated: an organic or mineral unfertilized variant (control variant); the mineral fertilized variants with low and high doses of N - P - K; a variant fertilized only with manure and the variants fertilized with manure and a combination of low and high doses of N - P - K. The forage samples were taken from the first cut in 2015, in four replications, and the number of plants/m2 (R / m2), the number of stems/m2 (L/m2) and the maximum stem length (MSL) was determined. The mass percentage of leaves was determined in the ten longest stems. The crude protein content (CP), the content of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and neutral detergent fiber digestibility (NDFD) were determined in the samples.
The mineral fertilization significantly influenced the stand structure, while the increasing doses of mineral fertilizers decreased the number of plants/m2. The number of stems/m2 was not clearly influenced even by one type of fertilization. The maximum length of stems increased with the mineral fertilization. Although the yield on the monitored plots was not affected by the fertilization, there is shown an increasing trend with increasing doses of the mineral fertilizers, as it is positively correlated with the length of stems. The mass fraction of leaves was reduced by mineral fertilization. The organic fertilization increased the CP content in the leaves, while fertilization with mineral nitrogen showed a tendency to decrease the CP content in the forage. The content of NDF and NDFD of forage is increasing with the organic fertilizers. High doses of mineral fertilizers have a negative effect on NDFD in alfalfa stems, while in the leaves N - P - K fertilization has a positive effect on NDFD. The combinations of organic and mineral fertilizers, culminating with the higher dose of N - P - K has a positive effect on NDFD.
The effect of the long - term fertilization on forage quality can manifest differently in the leaves and stems of legumes. Therefore, it is advisable to monitor the quality of these parts separately. The mineral fertilizers significantly affects the stand structure and increases yield, which has rather a negative effect on the quality. The organic fertilization does not substantially increase yields, but it improves forage quality, especially the digestibility.
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Influence of soil tillage on lucerne root morphology in the seeding year
Diviš, Michal ; Hakl, Josef (advisor) ; Kamila, Kamila (referee)
The aim of this study was to evaluate effect of different soil tillage and seeding rate on alfalfa root morphology. The field experiment was established in 3 variants of tillage: shallow cultivation (MK), loosening (HK) and conventional tillage (plough), all under two seeding rate (4 and 7 MGS). After autumn cut, root samples were collected in the depth of 25 cm. Lower seeding rate increased intensity of branching and number of lateral root per plant. Total mass of roots per hectar was higher in higher seeding rate variant. Ploughed variant provided higher intensity of branching and branching depth was the deepest of all variants. Loosed variant showed highest branch diameter out of all variants. Highest plant number per square meter was achieved in loosed variant but shallow cultivation showed highest plant survival rate of all variants. Tillage affected weed infestation by 33,6 %. Dominant weeds in ploughed variant were field pennycress and pale persicaria. Dominant weeds in loosed variant were redroot pigweed and cockspur, while in shallow tillage variant dominant weeds were represented by cleavers and common knotgrass. Results of experiment show that shallow cultivation and loosening have similar influence on plant density and root morphology as conventional tillage. Reduced seeding rates are possible, but due to problematic field emergence of alfalfa and higher weed infestation of thinner stands, higher seeding rates prove themselves as superior.
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The influence of selection of maize hybrid on forage quality
Pařízková, Josefína ; Hakl, Josef (advisor) ; Josef, Josef (referee)
The aim is to assess the impact of choosing hybrid for digestibility of neutral detergent fiber in forage maize in relation to other quality parameters. Recommendations on hybrids based on testing can be economically advantageous for growers. At the beginning of the experiment hypothesis was stated: Selection of maize hybrid for the habitat significantly affects reached digestibility neutral detergent fiber when harvested for silage. Nine different maize hybrids in triplicate were enrolled in the experiment (Dynamite, NK Octet, Rubben, DKC 3507, 3795 DKC, DKC 4014, Susann, 30,311 LG and LG 32.64) for cultivation on an experimental plot in Prague Uhříněves. The evaluated characteristics were, inter alia, revenue and portion of buds. To evaluate the chemical analysis of samples was collected chop of the whole plant from the middle rows of experimental plots. Following parameters were evaluated: content of crude protein, content of neutral detergent fiber, content of digestible neutral detergent fiber, digestible organic matter, starch and solids content. Among the hybrids significant differences were observed in parameters: revenue, portion of buds, protein content, content of neutral detergent, content of digestible neutral detergent fiber, digestible organic matter and starch content. Statistically insignificant difference between hybrids was at the percentage of the dry matter. Selecting the appropriate corn hybrid is therefore one of the most important measures for cultivation. The correct choice is key to improving the quality of forage for optimal production of livestock. Corn is one of the pillars of production of meat and milk. When choosing a suitable hybrid corn, it is necessary to take into account many factors. Each hybrid has certain characteristics and these must be respected, but also used for benefit. Not only to the price of seeds, but also the potential yield and utilization of nutrients is of great importance for the economy of the production.
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Effect of long term fertilization on behalf fraction of nitrogenous substances in fodder alfalfa
Matunová, Jana ; Hakl, Josef (advisor) ; Josef, Josef (referee)
The representation fraction of crude protein in forage legumes significantly influences nitrogen utilization by ruminants. Similar researches were not previously realized. The aim of this thesis is valorizing of long-term fertilization on vegetation structure and representation fraction of crude protein in forage alfalfa. Experimental measurements were carried out at the Research Institute of Crop Production in Prague, Ruzyne. The crop of alfalfa was in the context of long-term fertilization experiment established in the spring of 2013. An attempt with a sown variety Moravia is arranged in the scheme of split-plot. Samples were taken only from the first cut in 2015, each of one line of 50 cm in every block. In the experiment are evaluated four contrasting versions of fertilization (unfertilized control crop, growth fertilized by organic, by mineral and by combination both types of fertilizers). Each variant was repeated for three times. This thesis showed that long-term fertilization influences the parameters of the structure stands of alfalfa. We observed a greater proportion of L/m2 in fertilized variants, an also these stems were higher. Additionally, we observed higher profits, which were in correlation with the sinking share of representation leaves in the growth. Analysis showed that the behalf of nitrogenous substances and individual crude protein fractions is not constant, but is changeable during different variants of fertilization. Unfertilized crop contained on the average 221 g/kg dry matter of nitrogenous substances. The highest protein coken were at crops fertilized organically, 248 g/kg. In the control variant was detected on the average of 328 g/kg of fraction A. This fraction was most abundantly represented in growths with mineral fertilizers, 418 g/kg. On the contrary variant fertilized by combination had the lowest contents of fraction A, 307 g/kg. The highest concentration of B1 was found in mineral fertilized crops, 75 g/kg. For nitrogenous fraction B2 was detected the
highest concentration in crop fertilized by combination of mineral and organic fertilizers, 531 g/kg. For nitrogenous fraction B3 was found the highest concentrations in mineral-fertilized growths (NPK). This value is 24 g/kg. By nitrogenous fraction C was found highest concentration in control growth and crop fertilized with mineral, 80 g/kg. On the contrary, in crops fertilized organically was measured lowest value, 67 g/kg. We can conclude from the results, that the best profile fraction of crude protein has variant fertilized with a combined manner.
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Žací stroje
Rýznar, Jiří
Historical development mowers in our country and abroad. Description of design major functional groups reciprocating and rotary mowers. Evaluation of the results of the work mowers. Evaluation service experience appointed mowers.
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Silážování jetelotravních směsí
Peichl, Josef
This thesis deals with the description of some basic kinds of legumes and grasses in the Czech Republic.The thesis lists and describes the requirements for growing and the factors that influence it.At the same time the benefits and suitability of particular components of legumes and grasses associations are considered.Growing methods and their efficiency are mutually compared.The thesis proves the importace of forage value,the review of factors influencing the final quality of fodder as well as its suitability from this cover for the ensilage conservation.The ensilage conservation is important storage of good quality fodder throughout the year and thus makes stable fodder amount throughout the year for the meat cattle.Keeping the ensilage conservation is also important for cattle breeding and fattening during spring,autumn and winter seasons.Good quality ensilage depends on appropriate technological procedure.The ensilage additives can be really useful during the ensilage process and play an important role in the final quality of fodder.
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Silážování travních a jetelotravních porostů
Neuman, Aleš
This thesis describes several representatives of the most common types of Czech legumes and grasses, their ecological requirements and factors that affecting their cultivation. It assesses their benefits and suitability as individual components of clover-grass communities. It compares the cultivation methods and effectiveness for individual grass and clover-grass blends. It characterizes their feed value, assesses the factors affecting the quality of the resulting forages as well as the factors affecting the suitability of these forages for preservation as silage. The importance of conservation is to preserve quality feed throughout the year. Conservation provides stable ration for production dairy cow in all seasons. Ensiling affects the final quality and nutritional value of feed, which is also highly dependent on the proper technological process. Silage additives has its undeniable contribution to the quality of the resulting feed, especially in the production of protein and half-protein wilted forage silage.
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