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The Analysis of the impact of varieties and seed treatment on selected parameter seeds of poppy (Papaver somniferum L.)
Míča, Luděk ; Kuchtová, Perla (advisor) ; Miroslava, Miroslava (referee)
Czech Republic is one of the world's leading producers of the poppy seeds. Concerning the growing field area of poppy, the Czech Republic is lead producer of the poppy seeds at the international level (Vašák, 2010; Cihlář, 2012).
Poppy seed is very sensitive on many internal and external factors during cultivation, especially in the beginning of germination and emergence. At present, there are not registered preparations available for seed dressing for poppy seed in the Czech Republic (Prokinová, 2006). However, there has been done many experiments based on testing of natural substances (eg. humates and plant extracts), microorganisms and especially the application of soil fungi in seed treatment recently
The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of selected regional varieties of poppy cultivation and seed treatment to yield parameters of poppy seed both individually and in combination,. For the thesis was essential to describe the suitability of varieties for growing in organic and integrated agriculture in relation to the efficiency of production. Evaluation of the seed quality of the varieties was carried out in the field as well as under laboratory conditions. Before sowing, seeds were treated by preparations Gliorex and TS Osivo, untreated variant has been used as a control.
During plant cultivation were monitored shape of the plants, the degree of infestation, weed control and other treatments based on natural substances. Neem-Azal was used as the pest regulator. The second variant was treated by foliar application of TS Květa.
Seeds harvested from variants of our trial were tested under laboratory conditions for comparison of differences between varieties. The tests also revealed the seed infestation and what percentage of the seed is viable. The last evaluation was carried out on the basis of the weight of thousands of seeds (HTS), which reflects the yield determined by the selected seed treatment.
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Factors influencing seed development and maturation
Leová, Phuong Yen ; Pazderů, Kateřina (advisor) ; Hnilička, František (referee)
Cereals are the most common group of grown crops in the world. Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the most grown cereal in the Czech republic, represented almost in all growing areas and covers more than a quarter of arable land and over half of grain surfaces. This bachelors's thesis ,,Factors affecting seeds development and maturation" is a compilation based on scientific literature concerning environmental influcences on the development, maturation and germination of seeds. The thesis also describes the basic physiological processes such as germination and dormancy and knowledges about seed vitality and effects of phytohormones.
The main point of this thesis was to determine whether the arrangement of grains per spikelet affect their germination and other seed parametres. The thesis practically deals mainly with the seed germination in 30 ml and 20 ml of water. The experiment was created with the variety of winter wheat named Bohemia and new genotype of winter wheat called MRS or multi row spike.
Seeds were gained by manual scaling out of the spikes and categorized into fractions, according to the position of seed in a spikelet (i. e. first, seconad, third, fourth or fifth).
Seed tests were performed on the folded filter paper Hahnemühle in 30 ml and 20 ml of water. Germination took place at constatnt temperature of 20 °C in air - conditionted box. Measured values were germination percent, mean time of germination and germinating energy. Gained results were statistically evaluated.
Seeds were also analyse with the OmegAnalyzer G, where the point was to determine wheter the position of the grain spikelet affects the content of the seed (nitrogen, gluten, strach). Seed parametres were different not only depending on the position of the seed on the grain spikelet, but also on the variety and amount of water. Comparing the different categories of grains among themselves differences were found. Both in optimal and stress moisture conditions were registred the best results in the Bohemia breed. MRS wheat genotype fared significantly worse in both conditions. The highest average seed germination in 30 ml of water showed third grains of Bohemia breed, which also was the only one able to achieve 100% germination. First grains had the lowest average germination (94 %). MRS in 30 ml of water reached lower values than Bohemia breed. The highest average germination reached the first grains (94%), but neither one grain fraction MRS did not reach 100% germination. The worst levels of seed germination reached second and fifth grains (93%). In 20 ml of water had Bohemia breed lower average germination than average germination in 30 ml of water, even so it still achieved relatively high values. The highest average germination achieved first grains with 98% and the second grains showed the worst germination value (95%). The fastest average germinating had third and fourth grains, second grains had the slowest germination. In 20 ml of water fifth grains germinated the fastest, and also reached the highest germination (95%). Grains of the first fraction were the worst and ended with very low germination (88 %).
Fifth grains had the highest germination energy (90 %) fifth day in 20 ml of water. The lowest values, only 1 % were reached by the first and second grains third day. The fourth and fifth grains showed higher values of germination energy under stressful conditions than in optimal. The first and second grains conversly germinated faster in optimal conditions.
In experimental part of this bachelors's thesis was found that the position of the grains, its weight and size togehter with the different amout of water affects germination. Next the influence of the position of the grains on the grains content wasn't shown.
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Potential of brassinosteroids for forest seed management with regard to species utilizable as Christmas trees
Jílek, Jan ; Kuneš, Ivan (advisor) ; Olga, Olga (referee)
The aim of this work is to assess the effect of brassinosteroids on germination of selected forest tree species with a potential to be used for the production of Christmas trees.The synthetically prepared analog 24-epibrassinolide (was tested on germination of seeds of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.). Prior to launch of germination, the seeds were being soaked for 48 hours at three different concentrations of the tested brassinosteroid (BR-treatments) and in distilled water only (control), respectively. Seeds of each above-mentioned treatment were exposed to two alternative regimes: the stressed and unstressed one, respectively. In the stressed regime, seeds were exposed to a stress episode with temperatures up to 42 °C. In the unstressed regime the temperatures followed a pattern prescribed by Czech seed testing rules. Fully germinated seeds (the length of root radicle at least 4 times longer than the size of seed) were calculated. The root radicle length of each germinated seed was measured as well.The best results were recorded in the BR-treatment with the highest concentration of the tested brassinosteroid (0.4 mg.dm-3) in both germination regimes.
As contrasted to the control, the high concentration treatment increased germination capacity in the unstressed and stressed regime by 16.8% and 31%, respectively.
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Květinové záhony z přímých výsevů
Novosadová, Vladěna
The dissertation dealt with sowing annuals in the establishment of flowerbeds from direct sowing of taxon which are potentially suitable for autumn and spring sowing. In the experimental part was attempted to annuals of direct sowing. There were realized three sowings, in autumn 2013 and 2014 and in spring 2014, when were sown 26 same taxon of the seed. The aim of the experiment was evaluated the germination of seeds, height and flowering taxon, aesthetic effect of fetus, effect of taxon in the composition and suitability growing and seeding taxon. Based on all these results there were performed the comparison and evaluation and the conclusions and recommendations were defined for following experiments and practice. After evaluation all the results, interesting and perspective annuals for directautumn sowing appeared Ammi visnaga (L.) Lam., Bupleurum rotundifolium L., Clarkia pulchella Pursh. 'Mix', Consolida ambiqua (L.) P. W. Ball & Heywod. 'Hyacintokvětá', Nigella damascena L. 'Cramer s Plum', Nigella orientalis L., Papaver rhoeas L. 'Shirley Double Mixed'. There were evaluated the best and the most perspective annuals for direct spring sowing - Borago officinalis L., Bupleurum rotundifolium L., Calendula officinalis L. 'Pacific Beauty Směs', Consolida ambiqua (L.) P. W. Ball & Heywod. 'Hyacintokvětá', Cosmos bipinnatus Car. 'Sonata', Cosmos sulphureus Car. 'Redcrest', Nigella damascena L. 'Cramer s Plum'..
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Quality of cereal seed in the Czech Republic
BENKOVÁ, Ludmila
High quality multiplication material is created directly on a field. It's always about relation between seed and environment which is influenced by farmer. Within the Czech Republic the samples of certified cereal seeds were taken from the representative farmers, farm cooperatives and agricultural companies. After that they were subsequently analysed. The whole mentioned seed samples of the year 2013 comply with the legislative requirements. The term "seed quality" is often perceived as a subjective matter. Via questionnaire miniresearch it was found out how growers perceive offer and certified seed quality. At the same time the analyse of the actual certified organic seed need in the Czech Republic was carried out according to the given data of Central Institute for Supervising and Testing in Agriculture. The results doesn't correspond to the real cereal organic seed offer. The present situation in certified seed quality and organic seed offer represents an appeal for improvement and the future necessary amendment to the low.
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Sledování změn kvalitativních znaků uskladněného osiva kukuřice
Opravil, Ondřej
Czech maize hybrids are grown by the company CEZEA Čejč. OSEVA Bzenec is an exclusive producer of Czech corn hybrids of the cultivation plant CEZEA Čejč.The Central Agricultural Inspection and Testing Institute (CAITI)checks this for quality. If the seed does not meet the standards, it is not recognized. To avoid all of the processes from the delivery up to dispash of the dressed seeds are supervised by a laboratory of Oseva.My disertation monitors qualites of the maize seed. This seed was harvested in 2008 and 2009. After several years since the harvest, should be this seed decrease your germination capacity and incrase sensitivity to early sowing. Farther I evulate diference in the germination capacity by the small and bigger kalibrs by the cool tests. The evaluace is for the store seed. I suppose, that bigger grain has more energy to the germination capacity and is resisted to the ageing.
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Grass seed in conditions of organic and conventional farming
FLAŠKOVÁ, Martina
Grass seed growing is fundamental to modern agriculture. The aim of this bachelor thesis is the evaluation of grass seed growing under the conditions of ecological and conventional agriculture. The main problem is the lack of ecological certificated grass seeds, because the reproduction of them is difficult under ecological farming methods. Ecological grass reproduction must meet the same legislative requirements as convetional grass reproduction - of course, on condition the use of agrotechnological methods that agree with ecological agriculture law. The initiation of grass seed growing without the application of pesticides is more demanding on the treatment of agriculture land before sowing, also, the treating of grass cover during vegetation period and subsequent harvest or after harvest seed treatment is more difficult as for working processions, therefore also more expensive. According to ascertained knowledge, we can conclude that there are relatively high demands for ecological agriculture technology, nevertheless, grass seed growing under the conditions of ecological agriculture is justifiable.
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The influence of the seed treatment on the milk thistle achene yield
HRDLIČKOVÁ, Helena
Milk thistle (Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.) is an ancient medicinal plant valued for its content of silymarin complex. These substances are albe to protect liver cells from damage by toxic substances. The aim was to assess the potential effect of milk thistle seed treatment (thermal water, Vitavax and Polyversum) on plant health and thus the seed yield of the crop by the form of small-area experiment. I have focused on plant height, number of plants per a square meter, number of inflorescencae per plant, number of achenes in inflorescencae, TGW, weight biomass yield and germination of produced achenes. During growth there was observed the incidence of diseases and pests. The results show a positive effect on the development and yield of achenes.
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Conventional and organic seed quality
BENKOVÁ, Ludmila
High-quality seed is the first prerequisite for establishment of a healthy and strong growth. Quality of initial material for establishment of fertile crops is protected by the Seed law and the regulation. Certificied seed guarantees basic seed quality. Seed checking cannot express the biological value. The differeces in seed quality are connected to propagation conditions and the working level of propagators and sowing companies. This thesis deals with evaluation of certificied seed system. With help of results obtained from token proceedings which were provided by the companies ZZN Pelhřimov and PRO-BIO s.r.o. It brings overview about most frequent reasons for nonrecognition of bio-seeds coming from different farming systems and provides recommendation for ecological farmers who deal with bio-seeds production.
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Infobases of supply of organically certified seed
HŮDA, Pavel
Quality seed for sowing is a small but importatnt part of plant production. The seed for sowing of high quality influences positivelly productional ability of vegetation, vitality as well as proceeds. It is a basis of succesful economy of field crops cultivation in the system of ecological agriculture. In the bachelor dissertation the database of information for ecologically certificated seeds for sowing were analysed from the point of view of availibility, utilization, structure of data and proposal. Then the structure of really used seeds for sowing in ecological agriculture in the Czech Republic was evaluated. Literature summary is focused to the principles of seed reproduction, ecological seed production legislation and seed checking and inspection. The bachelor dissertation results in low share of areas of reproduction in comparision with the total area of arable soil in ecological agriculture. It is related to insufficient proposal of bioquality seeds in the Czech Republic, for example in comparison with neighbouring Austria. Ecological farmers establish vegetations in practice and they mostly use farmer seeds (58%), conventional unimpregnate seeds (37%) and minimum of bioquality seeds (5%).
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