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Vliv vlhkosti půdy na hydrologickou odezvu povodí při různých srážkových úhrnech
TOMANOVÁ, Markéta
This diploma thesis deals with the Influence of soil moisture on hydrological response of a catchment to precipitation. The study was conducted on the sub-basin of Jenínský stream in the monitored vegetation period for the years 2010 - 2013. The characteris-tics such as total precipitation, flow and soil volume moisture at different depths were monitored. The first part of this thesis contains a literature study that mentions soil moisture as one of the factors influencing the hydrological response of river drainage basins to precipitation. In the practical part, the thesis deals with the evaluation of measured precipitation totals and descriptive statistical values of flow and soil moisture at a depth of 30 cm, 60 cm, 90 cm, 150 cm and 200 cm. The other section of the practical part deals with significant precipitation episodes and their impact of rain intensity on water runoff from the basin. The final objective is to evaluate the effect of soil moisture on surface runoff characteristics at different precipitation totals.
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Impact of forest disturbance and management on surface runoff
Šmrhová, Zuzana ; Langhammer, Jakub (advisor) ; Váňová, Věra (referee)
Impact of forest disturbance and management on surface runoff Abstract The main aim of this work is to evaluate the current national and foreign literature regarding the impact of the forest disturbance and the forest management on runoff process. The disturbance and methodology, which is used for evaluation of their impact on runoff, is described in the research part of this work. The work is applied to model locations in the central part of umava Mountains, where is mapped and described the health status of the forest for the individual river basins. The scope of this work is to evaluate the behaviour of selected model basins during precipitation situations and demonstrate the influence of the forest health status on character of the flow. Key words: forest, disturbance, management, land use, runoff, GIS
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Changes of rainfall-runoff regime in the Stropnice river-basin
Volková, Alena ; Šobr, Miroslav (advisor) ; Janský, Bohumír (referee)
This paper deals with the rainfall-runoff regime in the Stropnice river-basin and its development. The aim of this paper is to answer the question of‚were there any changes in the runoff regime during the period 1945 - 2009, and if so, were these changes conditioned by climate or were they caused by human interventions' (e. g. river network modification, changes of the land cover, drainage systems development etc.). The single-mass and double- mass curves were used as the primary methodology. The homogeneity of the time series of mean discharge, precipitation and air temperature were statistically tested using Mann-Whitney-Pettit test and Mann-Whitney test. The Mann-Whitney-Pettit test was performed using the programme AnClim (v5.012), which is freely available online, the Mann-Whitney test was performed using SPSS 15.0. Non-parametric Mann-Kendall test was used for the trend detection, performed in MULTMK/PARTMK by C. Libiseller and A. Grimvall, also freely available online. Some changes in the runoff regime were uncovered in the early 80s', when the runoff decreased, which also happened after 1988. During these periods almost no annual flood occured. The first decrease of the runoff was caused by a drier season in the 80s'. The second decrease after 1988 was probably caused by a build-up of the...
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Impact of forest disturbances on the runoff in the central Sumava Mts.
Bartůňková, Kristýna ; Langhammer, Jakub (advisor) ; Jeníček, Michal (referee)
Impact of forrest disturbance on the runoff in the central Šumava Mts. ABSTRACT The diploma thesis deals with the influence of forest disturbance, as for example wind and bark beetle calamities, to the runoff characteristics in the central Šumava Mountains. The analysis of five precipitation events and their runoff responses was applied to seven small experimental catchments with different stage of disturbance. Studied catchments were catchments fo Tmavý, Roklanský, Březnický, Javoří, Cikánský, Černohorský potok and Antýgl. Chosen precipitation events belong to the years 2009 and 2010 and to warm half year, when no snow cover can influence the runoff. Similarity of catchments was established by cluster analysis. For comparison of the reaction of single catchments to the same precipitation event was used simple comparison of precipitation and runoff data and waves. Key words: forest disturbance, central Šumava Mountains, rainfall-flow conditions, cluster analysis
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Signs and impacts of hydrological drought in the Rakovnicky stream basin
Maroušková, Kateřina ; Matoušková, Milada (advisor) ; Hrdinka, Tomáš (referee)
This thesis deals with the signs and impacts of the hydrological drought in the Rakovnicky stream basin. Its aim is to evaluate trends of the selected hydroclimatic variables, to analyze drought periods and land cover changes as one of the factors influencing a runoff regime in the catchment. The main methods used for the long-term and seasonal trends are Man-Kendall test, IHA analysis, flow duration curves and mass curves. Dry periods are evaluated based on Streamflow drought index (SDI), Low Flow index and runoff Q95 exeedance. Land use changes are analyzed using historical maps and index of change. Basic indices of ecological stability are calculated. According to the results the frequency and intensity of the hydrological drought in the Rakovnicky stream basin is increasing. Although the amount of a rainfall is consistent, its distribution throughout the year is changing. In addition the constantly increasing temperature and land use changes cause a significant runoff decreasing. To improve a water retention capacity in the cathment, it would be convenient to apply adaptation measures in the river channels and floodplains. Key words: rainfall, runoff, drought, ecological status, Rakovnicky stream
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Runoff Changes in the Šumava/Bohemian Forest Region
Fiala, Ondřej ; Kliment, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Královec, Václav (referee)
RUNOFF CHANGES IN THE ŠUMAVA / BOHEMIAN FOREST REGION Abstract: The goal of this thesis is to the evaluation of possible causes of changes in runoff regime in the Šumava region from time and spacial point of view. The thesis includes research and applied part. The research part is dedicated to methods of evaluation of runoff changes and their possible causes in teh Šumava region such as anthropogenic factors (changes in the river network, dams, drainage, land - use changes), natural factors (climate changes, peatbogs influence) and disturbances (wind calamities and bark beetle outbreaks, floods). In the applied part there is an analysis of precipitaion - runoff regime for long-term time series of average annual, monthly and minimal daily discharges and monthly precipitations for selected gauging stations in upper Otava, Ostružná, Volyňka, upper Blanice and Teplá Vltava basins using simple and double mass curves and Mann - Kendall test. In conclusion the achieved results were evaluated, discussed and compared with subject publications. Key words: disturbance, Mann - Kendall test, runoff, discharge, mass curves, precipitation, Šumava, changes
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Runoff changes in mountain environment, case study Kyrgyz Ridge, Tian Shan
Jedličková, Šárka ; Šobr, Miroslav (advisor) ; Falátková, Kristýna (referee)
The goal of this thesis is to search available statistical methods, which can be used for tracking changes in runoff of rivers in mountain areas (but not exclusively there). One of the most commonly used methods is Mann-Kendall test. Next there is test of homogeneity of time series, which includes for example Pettitt test or Mann-Whitney test. To observe the changes we can also use different models. The thesis gives characteristics of the drainage area of the rivers Ala-Archa, Alamedina a Kara-Balta with focus on their runoff. Runoffs of their river Ala-Archa were studied in years 1928 - 2010. For river Alamedin, only years 1926 - 2010 were analyzed. And for river Kara- Balta, the time series is available only for period of 1927 - 1994. Key words: runoff, statistical methods, mountain environment, Tian Shan, glacier-snow regime
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Runoff generation in urban environment
Píchal, Jan ; Daňhelka, Jan (advisor) ; Čekal, Radek (referee)
As the area of impervious surfaces at urban environment increases, the more rapid runoff and urban flash floods lead to frequent overflow of the sewer system. For storm water runoff prevention and mitigation, there are soakaways commonly built in newly build up areas. The soakaways volume calculation is given by ČSN 75 9010 regulation in the Czech Republic. The presented thesis verifies applicability of this regulation in selected study sites (smal basins) of projected building construction model basins, which differ with regard to their infiltration characteristics, slope, area and degree of planned urbanization. The runoff calculation was estimated by Clark's Unit Hydrograph (UH) transformation and triangular SCS UH. HEC-HMS software has been used for Clark's UH application. Triangular UH runoff calculation has been done using MS Excel environment to establish a series of equations and logical conditions. Both models' results were compared for storms with 5 years, 10 years, 100 years and theoretical maximum return period; thus also for storms with longer return period than is proposed in the regulation. The positive differences in soakaway peak overflows and peak runoffs in study sites before the start of the urbanization were compared and evaluated, together with the differences in soakaway...
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Study of runoff and erosion conditions in the Ketkovice cadastral area
Buršík, Lukáš ; Uhrová,, Jana (referee) ; Sobotková, Veronika (advisor)
This Diploma Thesis is focused on the analysis of the Ketkovice cadastral area in terms of runoff and erosion conditions. The QGIS software was chosen for the analysis. For this reason, instructions for this software are prepared, focusing on runoff and erosion conditions, as an appendix to the Diploma Thesis. Other software programs used are USLE2D and DesQ-MaxQ. The first part deals with the analysis of the area of interest. The second part deals with the problem itself, at first the methods used to determine runoff and erosion conditions are introduced, then anti-erosion measures, at the end of this part the software programs used are briefly described. The last third part is devoted at first to the evaluation of runoff and erosion conditions before the design of the measure, then to the design of the measure itself, finally to the evaluation after the design of the measure. In case of erosion conditions, two variants of calculating long-term soil loss are considered before and after the proposed measures. In the first variant, a constant value of the factor R=40 MJ.ha.cm.h is considered in the Universal Soil Loss Equation and in the second variant this value is increased with respect to the climate change.
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