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Extreme precipitation in low mountain ranges in Central Europe: a comparative study between the Vosges and the Ore mountains
Minářová, Jana ; Müller, Miloslav (advisor) ; Žák, Michal (referee) ; Caumont, Olivier (referee)
of the doctoral dissertation Extreme precipitation is related to flooding which is one of the most frequent natural hazards in Central Europe. Detailed understanding of extreme precipitation is the precondition for an efficient risk management and more precise projections of precipitation, which include uncertainties, especially at regional scale. The thesis focuses on extreme precipitation in the Ore Mountains (OM) and the Vosges Mountains (VG); two low mountain ranges in Central Europe experiencing orographic effect on precipitation. Based on state of the art about precipitation in OM and VG, a currently missing analysis of the temporal distribution of precipitation in VG was needed prior to the analysis of extremes. The original dataset of daily precipitation totals from 14 weather stations used in the initial study was extended to 168 stations covering a broader area of VG. The study of temporal distribution of precipitation during 1960-2013 led to a classification of stations: (i) mountainous stations with winter maxima and highest mean annual totals due to orographic enhancement of precipitation, (ii) stations on leeward slopes with two maxima (summer and winter), (iii) lee side stations with summer maxima and lowest mean annual totals due to rain shadow and more continental character, and...
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Vliv růstových stimulátorů a vybraných hnojiv na revitalizaci lesních ekosystémů ve stadiu kultur v oblasti skarifikovaných degradací Krušných hor (LS Klášterec n. O.)
Slivková, Tereza
On scarification surfaces 7. forest vegetation in the Ore Mts., was founded by research area is 6 fertilizer plots. This area is examined the influence of individual fertilizer on food and grip of Norway spruce (Picea abies Karst./L./). On the individual parcels to fertilising seedlings and higher trees given problems applied pelletized fertilizer Silvamix series (Silvamix R30S, Silvamix R50S promoters and Silvamix Forte), Agluform 90S and organo - stimulatory product Vermaktil Stimul + Cu. Of these variants were individually sampled the youngest needles and once a year at the end of the growing season. In addition, once a year measured the top shoots on the individual variations. To this research area will clearly determine the contribution of fertilizer to promote nutrition and cultures Norway spruce grip.
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The changes of ski infrastructure and its use in the Krušné hory in the last decade
Peterka, Pavel ; Fialová, Dana (advisor) ; Vágner, Jiří (referee)
The theme of my thesis is focused on downhill skiing which together with cross country skiing is the most important activity of winter tourist season. The downhill skiing has got a long tradition in the Czech Republic and there are a large number of ski resorts. One of the most important regions of downhill skiing in the Czech Republic is Krušné Hory. The development of tourism in the Krušné hory is very specific compared to other Czech mountains. After 1948, some parts of the territory inaccessible, as it was a border zone and in the following years they were destroyed by coal mining. The thesis analyzes the changes that were caused over many years in the Krušné Hory. This thesis is focused on the last ten years. The second part of the questionnaire survey shows the potential of the Krušné hory which is used by the schools in Ústí nad Labem. The main aim of the questionnaire was to find out where the schools from Ústí nad Labem organize their ski courses and what are the main priorities for the selection of the locality.
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Relationship of inhabitants to their home place in Eastern and Western Ore Mountains (Krušné hory)
Tichá, Kateřina ; Mikšíček, Petr (advisor) ; Braun Kohlová, Markéta (referee)
Diplomová práce Vztah obyvatel k místu 5 Abstract This thesis entitled "Relationship of inhabitants to their home place in Eastern and Western Ore Mountains (Krušné hory)" focuses on the issue of a relationship the current inhabitants have to the area they live in. This relationship is defined on the basis of several distinct theoretical areas. The first portion of the thesis covers the basic terminology key for understanding the relationship of inhabitants to their home place. It deals with the definition of the term "home place", its character and ways in which it may be perceived. It also contemplates the term "settlement" and focuses on "identity" which is further defined as biographical and regional identity. Identity may be studied in the context of a relationship to the countryside, local community and historical awareness. The paper also characterises the Sudetenland region and provides the historical context necessary for a comprehensive outlook at the area researched without marginalizing the issue of nationalism. The practical portion employs qualitative methodology to process eighteen semi-structured interviews with representatives of elites (mayors, businessmen and members of associations) of the selected are of the Eastern and Western Ore Mountains. Subsequent analyses point to identical and...
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Effect of selected physical-geographical factors on the snow accumulation and snow melt
Pevná, Hana ; Jeníček, Michal (advisor) ; Langhammer, Jakub (referee)
Effect of selected physical-geographical factors on the snow accumulation and snow melt Abstract: This master thesis analyzes the influence of physical-geographical factors on spatial distribution of snow water equivalent, and its evolution. In this work, emphasis is placed on describing the influence of vegetation, aspect and altitude. Measurement was carried out in experimental catchments Zlatý Brook and Bystřice River in western part of the Ore Mountains in winters 2008/2009, 2009/2010, 2010/2011 and 2011/2012. To evaluate the influence of these factors on value of snow water equivalent there was used one of the methods of multivariate statistical analysis - cluster analysis. The research shows that the greatest influence on the distribution and evolution of snow water equivalent in the experimental basins has vegetation and some dependency was proved also between the points of southern exposure. The measurement results demonstrate the suitability of cluster analysis for analyzing the data of point values of snow water equivalent. On the other hand the results showed the main limits of this method, especially the need for a large number of points with different characteristics. The results of measurements and statistical analysis are compared with results published in technical literature. Keywords: snow...
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Dynamics and spatial extension of recent landslides at the foot of Krušné Hory Mts.
Burda, Jan ; Vilímek, Vít (advisor) ; Kirchner, Karel (referee) ; Šilhán, Karel (referee)
Dynamika a rozšíření recentních svahových pohybů na úpatí Krušných hor | Abstrackt 1 ABSTRACT Recent mass movements currently comprise one of the main morphogenetic processes in the extensive anthropogenic relief of the foreground of the Krušné Hory Mountains in the Czech Republic. These mass movements result in several types of deep- seated slope failures, depending on the type of movement, lithological, structural, and geotechnical conditions and the water saturation of the landslide material. This thesis presents broad set of various methods of geomorphology, geophysics, engineering geology, dendrogeomorphology and geodesy in an attempt to fully understand the problem of slope failures in the Jezeří area located at the boundary between the Krušné Hory Mountains and the Most Basin (Czech Republic). An interdisciplinary approach has enabled an in-depth review of both the dynamics and development of recent slope failures as well as morphology and structure of slope failures. There are two sectors - Southeast and Southwest - with different types of slope failures. In the Southwest sector, mass movements occur in thick colluvial mantle and weathered Tertiary claystones. The main factors influencing their development include rainfall culminations, groundwater flowing from the valley of Šramnický Brook and...
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Effect of vegetation on snow accumulation and snow melt
Pevná, Hana ; Kocum, Jan (referee) ; Jeníček, Michal (advisor)
Effect of vegetation on snow accumulation and snow melt Abstract: This bachelor thesis analyzes the impact of physical-geographic factors on the physical properties and characteristics of the development of snow cover. Results published in the literature are compared with those obtained from experimental measurements in the upper Byst ice River basin in the Ore Mountains during the winter 2009/2010. The paper compares the evolution of snow cover for the actual land cover, forest and open areas. The research of literature and research conducted in the Ore Mountains proved that vegetation significantly affects accumulation and melting of the snow. The process of accumulation in the forest is influenced by snowfall interception in the treetops. Melting snow in a forest area slowed absorption and reflection of sunlight in the treetops. The bachelor thesis demonstrates that in the open areas the snow melted faster than in the forest growth. Keywords: snow cover, snow water equivalent, vegetation, Ore Mountains
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Zalužanský Brook Restoration Project
Lašek, Jakub ; Kalibová, Jana (advisor)
This thesis contains restoration project of chosen section of Zalužansky brook in Ústecký kraj. Project is processed at the level of documentation for territorial management according to decree no. 499/2006, of buildings documentation. Theoretical part captures professional literature research dedicated to restorations, spatial planning and buildings documentation. Analytic segment closely defines and characterise location of interest at first, although major part consists of designed restoration measures following requirements for creating a building documentation by mentioned decree. Benefit from this thesis is it's possible usage as a background material for documentation created by authorised engineer for water management and landscape planning.
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Utilization of biological and chemical amelioration treatments for restoration of anthropogenic degraded locality near Boleboř village in Ore Mts.
Kouba, Martin ; Podrázský, Vilém (advisor)
This dissertation contains evaluation of the growth dynamics and nutritional status of tree species plantations after application of biological and chemical amelioration treatments, impact of trees on quality of soil and on the accumulation of surface humus. There were evaluated: Norway spruce (Picea abies L.), Blue spruce (Picea pungens Engelm.), Birch (Betula spp.), European larch (Larix decidua Mill.), Gray alder (Alnus incana Moench.), Lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl.), Eastern White pine (Pinus strobus L.) and Rowan (Sorbus aucuparia L.).
On 4 research plots in Boleboř (Ore Mts.) was measured height, thickness of root collar, breast-height diameter. Were taken samples of soil, weed and assimilation apparatus. There was determined yellowing, browsing, plants mortality and calculated amount of accumulated surface humus.
Application of fertilizer Silvamix Forte on spreading windrows reduced mortality and increased increment for the first 3 years, the effect is evident even after 10 years. It was not confirmed the attractiveness of plants for wildlife after Silvamix Forte application. Silvamix Mg fertilizer application had minimal effect on the growth dynamics and nutrient contents in needles. Positively impacted soil characteristics, increased the value of the cation exchange capacity, decrease in hydrolytic acidity, increase the saturation of sorption bases, decrease of aluminium ions Al3+ and decrease of Fe2O3. On fertilized plots increased content of available nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium and magnesium, increase of the total supply of nitrogen, calcium and magnesium. The rapid increase in the content of Ca and Mg is related to the liming in 2002. Fertilizer application significantly supported the development of ground-weed on plots of Colorado blue spruce mixed with birch, while in pure stands of Colorado blue spruce led to a reduction in aboveground biomass.
For the Colorado blue spruce mixed with birch plot compared with only Colorado blue spruce plot were documented favourable soil properties, increased supply of total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Rowan tree on an intact soil surface exhibits the lowest reaction pH as humus and in the mineral, high hydrolytic acidity, extremely sorption unsaturated soil state, high content of ion Al3+ and low content of available calcium, although was applied liming. Technical and biological reclamation (Boleboř III.) has a long-term positive effect on the average height and breast-height diameter of Colorado blue spruce and white pine. The growth dynamics of European larch and Lodgepole pine were affect only at the beginning. Meliorated stand of Gray Alder has very good growth dynamics, comparable with Larch and Lodgepole pine. The big problem is the game impact, especially in Lodgepole pine, which led to the destruction of all individuals. Colorado Blue spruce in terms of biological reclamation is totally inappropriate. This Spruce has reduced resistance to abiotic factors, which often suffer uprooting and breakage. During the 21 years the Clorado Blue spruce mixed with birch accumulated of 66,09 t.ha-1 humus matter with better properties also in the deeper horizon. Colorado Blue spruce accumulated 54,11 t.ha-1 of humus matter. Rowan tree accumulated on the intact soil largest amount of humus matter (194,98 t.ha-1), however acidifies the deeper horizons. The stand of Norway Spruce occurred during the reporting period a decrease of 47% to 107,03 t.ha-1. The decline may be associated with more open stand and due to air liming.
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Diet structure of Tengmalm’s owl (Aegolius funereus) in the Ore Moutains in 2014-2015: the effect of laying date on the presence of Apodemus mice and Sorex shrews
Řánková, Kristýna ; Šťastný, Karel (advisor) ; Hanel, Jan (referee)
The study of feed ecology of Tengmalm s owl has been progressing at the department of ecology at the Environmental Science of the Czech University of Agriculture in Prague since 1999. Feed is examined in Loučen part of the area of the Ore Mountains, which is destroyed by imisions, in the surrounding of Fláj barrier with the extent of 70 km2. Researching part is situated in the northwest area of the Czech Republic.
My part of the research of Tengmalms owl s feed was progressed in 2014-2015 and carried out by the method of analysing of pellets and residues which are from nesting boxes. The total amount of the analysed prey animals was 1608 individuals from 32 samples, from which there were 1575 mammals (Mammalia) (97,9 %) and 33 birds (Aves) (2,1 %). In 2014, 6 samples were analysed. In these, 259 pieces of prey were determined. The following year it was 26 samples, in which 1349 pieces of prey were determined.
The substitution of mammals had this composition in 2014-2015: Apodemus sp. - 52,8 %, Microtus agrestis - 25,1 %, Microtus sp. - 8,0 %, Sorex araneus - 3,0 %, Clethrionomys glareolus - 2,7 %, Microtus arvalis - 2,0 %, Muscardinus avellonarius - 0,6 %, Sorex minutus - 0,5 %, Micromys minutus - 0,1 %. The substitution of birds was following: Turdus philomelos - 0,4 %, Phylloscopus sp. - 0,4 %, Aegolius funereus - 0,2 %, Erithacus rebecula - 0,2 %, Pyrrhula pyrrhula - 0,2 %, Fringilla celebs - 0,1 %, Parus major - 0,1 %, Anthus trivialis - 0,1 %, Carduelis cannabina - 0,1 %, Ficedula sp. - 0,1 %, Garrulus glandarius - 0,1 %, Regulus regulus - 0,1 %, Sylvia atricapilla - 0,1 %, Turdus merula - 0,1 %. The first aim was to classify the substitution of Shrews and Apodemus mice in the relation to the time of nesting of Tengmalms owl. Big difference in share of Apodemus mice and Tengmalms owl was given in feed of Tengmalms owl in following 2014-2015. In 2014 Apodemus mice were 19,3 % of feed while they were 59,4 % in 2015. In 2014 Apodemus mice were 18,8 % food of Tengmalms owl, while it was 3,9 % in 2015.
Next it was found out that in 2014 substitution of neither Apodemus mice (Apodemus sp.), nor Tengmalms owl in feed of those ones didnt change during their nesting so much, the influence of the time of their nesting wasnt determined. During nesting time in 2015 share of Apodemus mice in feed of Tengmalms owl was brought down, it means that the couples nesting in the season earlier hunted more Apodemus mice. The substitution of Apodemus mice hasnt changed (the influence on the time of nesting wasnt shown).
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