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Treatment-rehabilitation procedure in a patient after cardiac surgery
TŮMOVÁ, Jitka
The main aim of this bachelor´s thesis is to describe the treatment-rehabilitation procedure of patients after cardiac surgery complicated by stroke. In the theoretical part, I describe cardiac surgery in general, operative approaches, complications related to cardiac surgery, including stroke. I also focus on the rehabilitation of patients after heart surgery in a hospital facility. The second half of the theoretical part is dedicated ischemic and haemorrhagic strokes, symptoms, methods of treatment. At the very end, the thesis is dedicated to the rehabilitation of patients after a stroke. The practical part is processed in the form of qualitative research. In this part, I describe the medical rehabilitation procedure of two probands. The practical part is processed in the form of qualitative research. In this part, I describe the medical rehabilitation procedure of two probands.
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Intake of a patient intoxicated with etylalcohol
NOŽIČKOVÁ, Veronika
The bachelor thesis is divided into two parts. Theoretical and practical. The theoretical part was devoted to what ethyl alcohol actually is, how it behaves in the body and how it metabolizes. The subject of the thesis was also the combination of ethyl alcohol with other substances, the issue of alcohol addiction and alcohol withdrawal syndrome, which can result in delirium. The behavior of such patients is unpredictable, they can be aggressive verbally, but also brachially. Several chapters in the theoretical part were therefore dedicated to specific communication with patients intoxicated with ethyl alcohol and at the same time aggressive. Another chapter of the theoretical part is also devoted to specific nursing care for such patients. Qualitative research was chosen for the research part of the work, which was carried out using semi-structured interviews. In the interviews, 6 respondents were asked 16 questions regarding admission of intoxicated patients to various departments, nursing care and communication with them. The respondents were selected intentionally so that the length of their experience was different and they worked in different departments. Data collection was carried out in April and May 2022. Before starting the interviews, all respondents were approached and asked for their willingness to answer individual questions. At the same time, they were informed that these interviews would be recorded on a dictaphone and would only serve the purpose of data processing for my work. They were also informed that the interviews would be anonymous, that their names and personal data would not appear anywhere, and that the interview records would be deleted after being transcribed. All respondents agreed with such a procedure. Based on the research conducted and after evaluating the data, it was found that all the research questions were answered and the research objectives were also met. The research showed that in all the wards visited, the intake of intoxicated patients is very similar except for small deviations, communication with such a patient is difficult and aggressiveness of such patients is very common. All those interviewed agreed that the behavior of the nursing staff towards such people is decent, at most the nurse will raise her voice at such a patient, that the help of the paramedics, sometimes even the police, is necessary, and in all departments the courting of the patient is used under very strict and clearly defined rules . After sobering up, the behavior of patients varies depending on age, also on whether it is a one-time overdose or the patient is brought by the emergency services more often.
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Úloha sestry v mobilizaci pacienta po operaci kýly
KRAMÁŘOVÁ, Iva
This bachelor thesis deals with the nurse´s role in mobilizing patients after hernia surgery. Post- surgery care partially consists of early mobilization of patients from their bed. Mobilization is movement, i.e. getting up from the bed, sitting up in a chair and walking practice. Early getting up after surgery helps increasing the venous circulation which prevents the development of a tromboembolic disease. Three objectives were set. Find out in what ways nurses mobilize their patients after hernia surgery. Find out what steps nurses follow when mobilizing patients after hernia surgery from the perspective of education and find out how patients perceive the nurse when taking care of them after hernia surgery. For the purpose of these objectives, four research questions were set. The thesis contains two research samples. The first research sample consisted of 6 nurses and the second research sample of 4 patients. The empirical part was implemented using qualitative research, interviewing method, the technique of standardized interview with nurses and patients on the surgical inpatient department. Interviews were transcribed word for word, analysed, and then coding was carried out. The method of ´pen and paper´ was chosen. The survey was run during March, April and May 2021. The results of interviews done with the nurses have proven that all of the interviewed nurses mobilize the patients after hernia surgery by getting up over their hip, however, they do not follow all other steps of correctly carried out mobilization. Nurses educate their patients orally, they use oral education right before the first getting up from bed. Some nurses, together with the oral education also clearly show their patients how to get up from bed. Further, it was found out that patients are being given sufficient amount of time by the nurses. The results of this bachelor thesis may serve as study material to students of medical subjects or nurses as inspiration for supplying high quality care of their patients. The survey results will be passed on to the workplace where the survey was carried out. Based on specific findings, the current educational methods may be updated including the means of improving after-surgery care for patients after hernia surgery. Thesis results are divided into individual categories. In Nurses´ survey, they are Mobilization, Education and Environment. In Patients´ survey, they are named as Communication, Mobilization, Nurse´s Surveillance when Getting Up from Bed and Nursing Care.
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The patient healing hemodialysis at home by the paramedic´s perspective
KŘIVÁNEK, Martin
This bachelor's thesis focuses on the issue of domestic haemodialysis with special attention to the role of paramedics in dealing with acute problems associated with this procedure. The work is intended as theoretical, without the author´s own research. It aims at reviewing treatment options for kidney failure, describing the principle of home haemodialysis, its benefits and disadvantages for patients and their families. Special attention is paid both to potential risks brought about by this method of dialysing blood and to ways of addressing the complications from the perspective of pre-hospital care. To achieve its goals, the work outlines and compares current attitudes towards these issues both in this country and abroad. Its introductory part summarizes the structure and functions of kidneys, the most frequent causes of renal diseases as well as their possible therapies. Further on, it introduces in greater details both general and specific procedures applied by emergency medical squads in case of complications during domestic haemodialysis. The main scientific contribution of the work consists in the very synthesis of the present knowledge and methods of treatment and - at the same time - in defining the so far unresolved issues. The part of the thesis devoted to home haemodialysis, which still represents a relatively rarely used method, underlines particularly the fact that emergency medical procedures responding to specific complications connected with this treatment have not been sufficiently defined yet. The thesis therefore comes to the conclusion that paramedics facing acute problems associated with domestic haemodialysis have to rely mainly on general procedures determined for providing pre-hospital care. That is why this field still remains open for further theoretical research. Detailed potential practical steps aimed specifically at complications during home haemodialysis are in demand as well.
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The perioperative nursing care for the patients during the gynecologic surgery in the lithotomy position
Šebestová, Jana ; Kulhavá, Miluše (advisor) ; Hocková, Jana (referee)
The topic of the work is nursing perioperative care of a patient who underwent a vaginal hysterectomy and vaginal plastic surgery for prolapse of the uterus in a lithotomy position at our workplace. Prevention of pressure injuries related to immobilization during the surgery is a fundamental nursing task of perioperative nurses. Small workplaces are not always adequately equipped. Lithotomy position is associated with a number of serious complications. Although the observed complications are rare and occur in surgical procedures longer than three hours, each operation can be complicated for many reasons and the operating time can be multiplied. Then, insufficient equipment and thus failure to provide adequate prevention can lead to, for example, pressure ulcers, peripheral neuropathy, compartment syndrome and damage to the patient. The main goal of the work was to use literature to present recommended evidence-based nursing procedures that ensure patient safety in the operating room when positioning for surgery and help to prevent pressure injuries. For my thesis I chose a case study, prepared according to the model of Marjory Gordon, and introduced nursing care throughout the hospitalization with a special focus on the perioperative period. I sought information for the elaboration of the...
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Perinatal Phase of Ontogenesis - Variability and Complications
Netušilová, Nikola ; Vančata, Václav (advisor) ; Hlaváčová, Lucie (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals mainly with obstetric complications, with a part dedicated to the so- called cephalopelvic disproportion. The theoretical part of the thesis gives the reader a comprehensive overview of childbirth and its course. In the introduction, childbirth is defined in general terms, followed by a description of the different components of childbirth, and then a description of the time of delivery. Finally, the theoretical part is devoted to the definition of the cephalopelvic disproportion. The anatomy of the pelvis and fetal head is mentioned in relation to this complication. Furthermore, the major risk factors that usually condition the development of this disproportion are described. The practical part is carried out in the form of a questionnaire survey. Based on the questionnaire, the most common risk factors were identified, the possible occurrence of cephalopelvic disproportion was mapped and it was also investigated whether the participants are sufficiently informed about the possible occurrence of this complication. Adequate information is very important in the context of obstetric complications. Basic information and diagnoses are necessary to ensure that the woman is advised to have a birth that does not endanger herself or her foetus. It is clear from the survey results...
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The Problems of Application of Intramuscular Injection
Stejskalová, Martina ; Pavlíková, Pavla (advisor) ; Eislerová, Iva (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with application of intramuscular injections that are carried out by nurses in all areas of health care as their frequent daily activities. The objective of this study was to determine whether nurses have sufficient knowledge of the intramuscular injections use, what needles they choose for application on cachectic and obese patients, what injection site they uses mostly, the degree of their knowledge of the Z - tract method, their experience with complications in practice, and finally whether they observe all the principles of the safe and effective application of the intramuscular injections. Parenteral drug injection, needles, preparing doses from bottles of medicines and ampoules are mentioned in brief in the theoretical part. The applications of the intramuscular injections, stab points, the patient positions for application, application procedures, the method of Z - tract, specific applications and special attitudes to children and possible complications are described in the following chapters. The methodology and organization of the survey are depicted and the research findings are drawn in the empirical part of the thesis. General conclusions and proposals how to remove identified deficiencies are summarized in the end.
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Diabetes mellitus type I. and physical activity
Douša, Martin ; Radvanský, Jiří (advisor) ; Procházka, Michal (referee)
The bachelor's thesis deals with diabetes mellitus type 1 and the opportunity of compensation by adequate physical activity, focusing on middle age and older patients, having suffered from diabetes for a long period of time. The thesis focuses on the different attributes of the burden, affecting the daily life of patients with diabetes. For better understanding and clarity of the issue, the work is divided into several chapters and sections dealing separately with the influence of physical activity and potential profits from regular, properly indicated motion for compensated patients. The thesis also describes involution changes occurring in the aging organism, which are always necessary to be taken into consideration when selecting a physical activity. The work is supplemented with pictures and graphs in the annex that enable a better show, and outline the issues. In my work, I not only try to show the positive influence of a wellchosen physical activity in patients with diabetes, but also highlight the potential risks and hazards coming from an improperly chosen therapy. Furthermore, I attempt to offer the chance to look at this type of therapy from several different perspectives. My aim is to show that a properly chosen physical therapy in individually selected range and performance should be much more...
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Prevention of complications in the treatment of patients after stroke
Balcarová, Veronika ; Hlaváčová, Marie (advisor) ; Tomová, Šárka (referee)
The thesis deals with prevention and appearance of complications with the patients after a stroke. These patients are endangered by many complications, connected not only with the disease itself but also with their health before hospitalization. For the purposes of my thesis, I chose a qualitative method. It is a specific method which uses given problem in details and gives a complex perspective of all examined criteria. I collected the data with the help of example studies which I examined further on and compared it. The results of my research show that the most frequent complications endanger the chosen patients. Further on I deal with interventions with which I intentionally prevented the complications. In the last part I evaluate the results of preventive arrangements about how the respondents percieved my treatment care.
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