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Foods affecting function of the thyroid glande
Ciprová, Markéta ; Chrpová, Diana (advisor) ; Ezechiášová, Věra (referee)
6 Abstract Basis: This master's thesis deals with the issue of foods affecting thyroid function. The thyroid gland is an important endocrine organ involved in many bodily processes, it is completely dependent on external iodine intake and at the same time it is susceptible to some naturally occurring antinutritive substances. The main subject of research were therefore the sources of iodine and strumigenic substances in the diet and their occurrence in the diet of adults. The main sources for this thesis include the monograph Thyroid Gland, organized by Zdeňka Límanová, websites of professional institutions of the Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic and the World Health Organization and of course current studies dealing with this issue available in world health databases. The topic was chosen by the author on the basis of finding current topics in the field of nutrition, that have not yet been reserched by other students in the Nutrition Specialist field of study in recent years. Aims: The primary goal of the master's thesis was to examine and process current issues of thyroid function, especially in connection with the consumption of foods that affect this function. For this purpose, a questionnaire was compiled to obtain sufficient base and data to determine the average consumption of iodine and...
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Application of fluoroalkyl hypervalent iodine reagents in C-H functionalization of small molecules and aromatic amino acid residues
Rahimidashaghoul, Kheironnesae ; Beier, Petr (advisor) ; Kvíčala, Jaroslav (referee) ; Urban, Milan (referee)
The chemistry of fluorolkyl hypervalent iodine reagents has witnessed a great boast in recent years. These compounds are highly attractive as drug candidates, advanced materials and agrochemicals as described in detail in the Introduction. Despite this fact, applications of these reagents in biological studies are rather rare and under developed. The goal of this thesis is therefore the development of mild and metal-free methods in order to fill this gap. Two ways of application of fluoroalkyl hypervalent iodine reagents in labeling of biologically relevant compounds was explored. First, the applicability of previously reported parent Togni CF3 and their analogous tetrafluoroethyl reagents in radical fluoroalkylation of electron-rich substrates such as indole and pyrrole derivatives using sodium ascorbate as reductant was described. This afforded trifluoromethyl or 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl containing products in moderate to high yields. Next, same reagents were applied for labeling of several peptides and proteins bearing aromatic amino acids in their structure. This way, peptides and proteins containing electron-rich aromatics such as Trp, Phe, Tyr and His were reacted with fluoroalkyl groups with high selectivity toward Trp. In the second part of the work, a different approach of radical...
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Cytototoxic effects of antiseptics in devices for chronic wound healing
Kejzlarová, Leona ; Pavlík, Vojtěch (advisor) ; Hrdý, Jiří (referee)
Chronic wounds are often colonized by pathogens bacteria. The occurrence of infection on the surface results in an injured and delayed healing process. Therefore, the use of antimicrobial agents that eliminate microbiological stress and prevent infection is required for the treatment of chronic wounds. Microbial agents include antibiotics, but pathogens are able to develop resistance to them. Antiseptic agents are therefore used, which act non-selectively. Antiseptics may be cytotoxic to human tissue cells and cause a delay in wound healing. A certain balance needs to be struck between antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity. The most commonly used active substances with microbicidal properties in antiseptic preparations are: silver, iodine, chlorine, octenidine, polyhexanide, and chlorhexidine. This work describes the mechanisms of action of these agents and compares the clinical and laboratory knowledge of their effectiveness in chronic wound healing and cytotoxicity against cells involved in this process. Keywords: Chronic wounds, antiseptic, cytotoxicity, octenidine, chlorhexidine, polyhexamethylen, PHMB, iodine, silver, chlor
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Saturace koní jodem v Jižních Čechách
SLAVÍKOVÁ, Sofia
The main aim of this thesis was to evaluate the current state of iodine levels in horses from selected farms in South Bohemia. Out of the sample group, no animal with iodine deficiency was detected. Additional objective of this thesis was to assess whether selected horse owners supplement their horses with iodine and what form of supplementation they choose.
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Causes currently increased incidence of thyroid carcinomas
Škarková, Barbora ; Brynychová, Iva (advisor) ; Dvořáková, Šárka (referee)
The thyroid carcinoma incidence has currently multiplied and the largest increase was recorded for thyroid papillary carcinoma. The aim of this work is to discuss factors increasing the risk of thyroid carcinoma. The only confirmed risk of developing this form of carcinoma is ionizing radiation mostly in connection with nuclear attacks and nuclear power plants disasters. Other risk factors include iodine intake and the influence of nitrates, both of which act as separate risk factors and also as factors increasing the risk potential of ionizing radiation. Thyroid carcinoma occur 3 times more frequently in women, therefore the risk factors specific for females, such as estrogens, assisted reproduction methods, pregnancy and hysterectomy, are also discussed. Hypothyroidism and Hashimoto's thyroiditis have a significant association with thyroid carcinomas while controversial factors are risky elements of lifestyle and nutrition (eg smoking, cruciferous vegetables, high glycemic index and body weigh index). A high incidence of thyroid carcinomas was found in volcanic areas in connection with the effects of heavy metals contained in lava. Another high incidence was recorded in the areas with low average annual temperatures. One of the reasons for the increase in the incidence of thyroid carcinoma is...
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Determination of iodine in food
Malčíková, Hana ; Reichstädter, Marek (referee) ; Diviš, Pavel (advisor)
The bachelor thesis deals with the optimization of ICP-OES method to determination of iodine in mineral waters. At first, the Theoretic part characterize the iodine in general, next it concerns with it as the essential/biogenic element, which is necessary for the proper functioning of the human organism, with its occurrence in food and with its industrial utilization. In next chapters the thesis is describing analytical methods of iodine determination specifically ion chromatography and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. The principle and instrumentation description of both methods are found. The Experimental part is focused on optimization of ICP-OES methods, device setup for IC, on preparation of samples of mineral waters and the samples analysis using both methods. The results of the Experimental part show a content of iodine in mineral waters accessible in the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic.
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Obsah zinku, mědi a jódu v mléce krav
JAKEŠOVÁ, Jitka
Milk and dairy products are one of the most important sources of essential trace elements in human nutrition. My thesis provides informations about the content of zinc, copper and iodine in milk during the lactation and also includes the impact of other factors on the content of elements. The experiment includes dairy cattle breedings from Hořepník and Chyšná which are located in the region Vysočina. Another breeding is from Haklovy Dvory. It is located in southern Bohemia. Milk samples were taken in the relation to performance monitoring. During the period 25 to 132 days of lactation were taken 90 samples of milk from the Hořepník breeding. From breeding Chyšná were taken 78 samples of milk in the period of 11 - 89 days of lactation and from breeding Haklovy Dvory 81 samples of milk during the period 23 to 244 days of lactation. Copper and zinc content in milk was determined by atomic absorption spektrometry. The iodine content in the milk was set by spectrometry after incineration alkaline by Sandell-Kolthoff. The average zinc content in the milk was 3.59 ? 1.15 mg-l-1. The average copper content in milk was 0.14 ? 0.12 mg-l-1and the average content of iodine in the milk was 0.18 ? 0 06 mg-l-1. The greatest variability in milk was proved to copper (V = 82,65%), the lowest zinc (V = 32,05%). The greatest effect of the duration of lactation was observed in breeding Hořepník (Zn: rxy = -0,430, Cu: rxy = -0,425, I: rxy = 0,326). The influence of the duration of lactation was insignifant in the breeding Haklovy Dvory and Chyšná. Cow's milk, according to our results, supply the iodine accounts from 19,2% for men and 52,4% for women. The milk supply the zinc accounts from 5,2 % for men and 7,2 % for women, and copper from 2,5% for both sex.
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