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Hodnocení kvality mleziva dojnic českého strakatého skotu v ekologickém a konvenčním chovu
Buďová, Tereza
The theoretical part aims to provide information about the mammary gland, colostrum, its composition and quality control, types of milk, milking technologies, parlours, and generally about the importance of cattle breading focusing on Czech spotted cattle breed. The main goal of the practical part was to evaluate and compare the quality of colostrum in eco-breeding and conventional breeding. A total of 266 dairy cows of the Czech spotted cattle were included in the evaluation. Dairy cows were divided into individual lactations in order to evaluate the quality of the colostrum in % Brix, the sex of the born calf and amount of milk in liters per first milking. The obtained results were processed and collected into charts. Our results show that the colostrum quality is better in the eco-breeding in Dalečín than in conventional breeding in Věstín. In Dalečín, 114 dairy cows were evaluated. They reached average Brix values of 20.97 % in the first lactation, 20.42 % in the second, 21 % in the third, 25.15 % in the fourth, 23 % in the fifth and 22.17 % Brix in the last lactation. In total, 57 heifers, 53 bulls and 9 stillborn calves were born there. The average milk yield for individual lactation was 2 liters for the first, 4.1 liters for the second, 4 liters for the third, 4.1 liters for the fourth, 6.2 liters for the fifth and 4.9 liters for the mixed lactation. According to these values, we can state that in the eco-breeding in Dalečín the fourth lactation is the best since it reached 25.15 % Brix. In Věstín, 152 dairy cows were evaluated. In total, 79 heifers, 73 bulls and 8 stillborn calves were born. The average milk yield was 20.22 % for the first lactation, 19.95 % for the second, 21.17 % for the third, 20.63% for the fourth, 21.24 % for the fifth and 21.08 % Brix for the mixed lactation. The average milk yield for individual lactation was 2.47 liters for the first, 4.58 liters for the second, 4.17 liters for the third, 6.6 liters for the fourth, 5.38 liters for the fifth and 5.42 for the mixed lactation. We can state the fifth lactation as the best since it reached 21.24 % Brix.
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Vliv různých zdrojů dusíkatých látek na užitkovost a metabolismus dojnic
Lužová, Veronika
The aim of the thesis was to evaluate the level of nutrition of dairy cows in a selected agricultural enterprise with a subsequent experiment in the form of the change in the representation of soy, oilseed rape and sunflower in the protein concentrate, which is the part of the ration of dairy cows. The experiment took place in Bohuňovice s.r.o. in 2022, where the feed ration was adjusted to four months in the form of a change in the composition of the protein concentrate (before the change the representation of 60 % soybean and 30,8 % oilseed rape extracted meal and after the change 45,8 % oilseed rape, 30 % soya and 15 % sunflower extracted meal). The experiment was focused on dairy cows in the first stage of lactasion, where milk yield and selected milk components were evaluated every month. Afterwads the effect of changing the feed ration on the productivity of dairy cows and selected milk components was evaluated. Afterwards the economic indicators of the adjusted feed ration were evaluated. During the experiment it was found, that the feed ration corresponded to the nutrient needs of dairy cows in the first stage of lactasion but showed a lack of nitrogenous substances and energy in the summer months. The average daily milk yield decreased slightly inconclusively at the end of the experiment, but the adjusted feed ration had no demonstrable effect on the productivity of dairy cows. Afterwards it was found that the adjusted feed ration has a statistically demonstrable effect on increasing the content of fat, protein, urea and free fatty acids in the milk. The results showed that modified ration had an optimal amount of energy and nitrogen substances and after increasing the proportion of oilseed rape and reducing the proportion of soya and including sunflower extracted meal, the ration had a more balanced content of nitrogen substances, evaluated according to the concentration of urea in the milk and there was an increase in the main of milk components (protein, fat).
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Vliv onemocnění paznehtů na produkční výkonnost skotu
KLABOUCHOVÁ, Taťána
Hoof disease is one of the most common health disorders of high-producing dairy cows and limits the performance and health status of animals kept in stables. The aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of hoof disease and its effect on the milk yield of cows in a specific dairy farm. The work evaluated the effect of the occurrence of dermatitis digitalis (DD) and specific-traumatic inflammation of the hoof (ZŠP) on parameters of milk performance (daily milk yield, fat content, protein content and number of somatic cells in milk) and on the insemination index in the herd of Holstein dairy cows in years 2021 and 2022. The data set from 1,498 dairy cows was used for the evaluation, when 15,245 performance control records were processed. First, the average values of milk yield indicators were compared one month before the diagnosis of the disease and one month after the diagnosis of the disease. In this case, a statistically significant difference was demonstrated only in the number of somatic cells (PSB) in DD, when this indicator rose from the original 275 thousand to 487 thousand somatic cells. Furthermore, indicators of milk yield were evaluated in the month after the finding according to the stage of lactation. Here, a statistically significant difference was recorded in the second stage of lactation (from the 41st to the 100th day) in the fat content of cows with ZŠP, when the fat content in cows without findings was 3.59 % and in cows with ZŠP it dropped to 3.29 %. Furthermore, a statistically significant difference was recorded in the fourth stage of lactation (day 201-304 of lactation) in protein content and number of somatic cells. When the highest protein content was recorded in DD - 3.73 %, in cows without hoof disease the protein content was 3.69 % and in cows with ZŠP the protein content dropped to 3.58 %. The number of somatic cells in cows in this stage of lactation was 363 thousand in cows without hoof disease. and for cows with DD it rose to 599 thousand. Furthermore, the effect of hoof disease on the insemination index was assessed. For this indicator, no difference was found between cows without disease and those with hoof disease. However, a clear influence of the insemination technician who performed the insemination was found. When assessing the effect of the disease according to its species, an average insemination index was found for cows with DD of 2.10 and for cows with ZŠP of 2.31. However, the difference was evident only for one insemination technician.
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Zhodnocení výskytu environmentálních mastitid ve vybraném chovu dojného skotu
BÍLÝ, David
Mastitis is one of the most common diseases of dairy cattle worldwide. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of environmental mastitis and the economic impact of mastitis in a selected dairy cattle farm for the period 2019-2022. A total of 596 cases of mastitis were diagnosed, of which 78% were environmental mastitis. While the number of cases of contagious mastitis decreased over the period under review (from 36 % to 6 %), the number of environmental mastitis cases followed the opposite trend. The economic cost per dairy cow ranged from CZK 2 134 to CZK 4 527. The largest item was the loss of milk from treated dairy cows.
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Vybrané vlivy na reprodukci dojnic u stáda holštýnského skotu
BENEŠOVÁ, Dominika
Even though the Czech Republic average values of fertility indicators have improved in previous years, their maximum values are still exceeded in individual farms. This bachelor's thesis dealt with the evaluation of selected influences on the overall level of reproduction in the Holstein cattle herd. The aim of my work was to develop a literature review on the reproduction of cow reproduce. The literature review concerned their reproductive indicators, repro-ductive management together with methods of controlled reproduction and the main factors that influence the reproduction ability of a given dam. Another stated goal of this work was to evaluate selected factors that influence their reproduction in a se-lected herd of Holstein cattle. The analysis of fertility indicators and selected influ-ences took place on the Hadačka farm, belonging to company Kralovická zeměděská a.s. 242 cows of Holstein cattle or their hybrids were included in the monitored group, these selected dairy cows met the following criteria: they calved for the first time from 2019 to 2022 and at the same time were admitted, pregnant and calved in this defined time. The following fertility indicators were analyzed in chosen breed: length of ser-vice period, length of insemination interval and length between-calving interval. Sub-sequently, these selected indicators were evaluated depending on lactation order, daily and average daily milk yield, age at first calving and breed. As the lactation phase increases, the period of reproductive indicators is short-ened. The shortest period of fertility indicators (service period -68 days, insemination interval -68 days, calving interval -365 days) was showed by dairy cows in the 5th lactation, and the longest service period (107 days) by dairy cows in the 1st lactation, insemination interval (71 days) for the 3rd and 4th lactation and calving interval (390 days) in dairy cows for the 2nd lactation. Regarding the influence of daily milk and average daily milk yield, it was found that the shortest service period and insemination interval were analyzed in dairy cows with the largest daily milk (46-60 l) and average daily milk yield (56-65 l). On the contrary, the shortest calving interval was found for both daily (8-20 l) and average daily milk (11-25 l) in dairy cows with the lowest value of the milk production. In connection with the age at the 1st calving, it was determined that the shortest time of service period (98 days) and calving interval (380 days) are showed by dairy cows that calved for the first time at an earlier age (636 to 710 days, respectively at 21 to 23 months). On the contrary, the shortest time of insemination interval showed by heifers that calved for the first time at a later age (787 to 950 days, 25 to 31 months). The longest time of service period and calving interval are achieved by heif-ers that calved at the latest age (787-950 days). Comparing fertility indicators between purebred animals and their hybrids, pure-bred animals showed a longer service period (by 2 days) and insemination interval (by 0.5 days). On the contrary, the longest calving interval is shown by hybrids (387 days), which is 9 days longer than that of purebred animals (378 days).
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Výživa dojnic v průběhu tranzitního období
SVAČINOVÁ, Nela
In this bachelor thesis the basic factors are described related to calving, correct nutrition and lactation of the dairy cow. The individual parts of the digestive tract and the course of digestive physiology are mentioned in the introduction. Subsequently, a section is devoted to transition period and risks that surround it. A substantial part of the work is also summary of basic nutrients found in feeds and basic components included in cattle rations.
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Analýza mléčné užitkovosti u dojnic českého strakatého skotu ve vybraném chovu
Jánišová, Lucie
In this bachelor thesis the analysis of milk yield of Czech fleckvieh cattle in selected breeding was performed, with regard to external and internal influences affecting milk production. The monitoring was carried out for 12 months, in the period from 01/2019 to 12/2019 in the stable Lubník, which belongs to the agriculture company ZOD Žichlínek and result from milk recording scheme. The monitoring was focused on fluctuations in milk production and milk elements, especially fat and protein, depending on individual seasons, the order and phase of lactation. Based on the results, we can conclude that the highest milk yields were achieved by cows at the 4th and higher lactation, dairy cows with a lactation phase of up to 100 days and in the spring period. The highest fat and protein content in milk was found in dairy cows with a lactation phase above 301 days. Dairy cows had the highest fat content in the summer and the highest protein content in the autumn.
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Hodnocení faktorů ovlivňujících ekonomiku produkce mléka
Nastasyuk, Iryna
This thesis deals with the evaluation of various factors that affect the economy of milk produc-tion. First part is focused on the factors that influence the quantity and quality of produced milk and its monetization. The following part describes the situation on the market in Czech Republic and Ukraine. The basic datas, presented in this thesis, about the market in Czech Republic and Ukraine are: cattle population, productivity of dairy cows, production of milk, prices on milk, consumption of milk and dairy products and influence of the state on milk production.
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Analýza nejčastějších onemocnění u dojnic českého strakatého skotu ve vybraném chovu
Müller, Tomáš
This bachelor thesis deals with the most common diseases in dairy cows of Fleckvieh cattle on selected farm. Literary part informs about the basic properties of the disease, symptoms, etiology but also about the possibilities of diagnosis and therapy. The described diseases were selected on the basis of an annual analysis of a specific farm, for the purposes of which the medical documentation of dairy cows was inspected. The analysis included 4 categories of diseases and 3 of them were evaluated throughout the year 2021. Inflammation of the mammary gland was evaluated during individual months. The annual analysis shows that inflammation of the mammary gland was the most frequently recorded disease. Other commonly observed illnesses were inflammation of the hoofs, uterus and decreased rumen activity.
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