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Předpoklady realizace reprodukční schopnosti skotu z hlediska podmínek chovu
VACHOUŠKOVÁ, Jana
The objective of this thesis is a creation of an overview of different factors affecting reproduction performance of dairy cattle, obtaining data concerning reproduction performance of dairy cattle and reviewing reproduction performance in the year 2019. Data used in this thesis was gathered in Úněšovský statek, a.s. at farms in Pernarec and Chrančovice. Zootechnological archive and the records of Českomoravský Svaz Chovatelů were used to process the data and the information about the company was provided by Úněšovský statek, a.s. The main focus of the work is observation of the way in which a heat stress affects reproduction performance of dairy cows at Pernarec farm with milk utility of 11 877 kg and dairy cows at Chrančovice farm with milk utility of 12 103 kg. A THI-Cooper meter was installed in stables of mentioned farms in order to monitori temperature and humidity and produce temperature-humidity index values from 10.6.2019 to 14.9.2019. These values showed if/when the stabled cattle experienced heat stress. Results of this observation were later divided into three categories by severity of heat sress. Pernarec farm showed highest pregnancy rate (60%) during the time without heat stress. Chrančovice farm showed highest pregnancy rate (58%) during the time with medium heat sress. The overall results of the measuring imply that high pregancy rate was kept in Pernarec and Chrančovice farms even during high heat stress periods because of synchronization program used.
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Fázová výživa dojnic v daném zemědělském podniku
VACEK, Tomáš
In this work, I analyzed phase nutrition dairy cattle practiced on a farm. Furthermore, the work focused on quality of bulky feeds from maize silage, grass-clover silage and field bean silage. Feeding method, composition of rations and production parameters were also evaluated, while taking welfare of the animals into account. For data analysis, a nutrition program was used. Indicators of nutritional values and fermentation characteristics, including microbiological testing of silage feeds (maize silage, grass-clover silage, field bean silage), correspond to a very good standard. For maize silage and grass-clover silage, NDV, ADV and NEL values were shown to be slightly below the national average. When evaluating the nutritional level based on the feed ration optimization, we can conclude that the differences in the monitored nutritional values are within the tolerance limits of the recommended values. The level of nutrition corresponds to the production achieved. Fat and starch content of the feed ration are consistent with the recommended values present in literature.
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Faktory ovlivňující reprodukční ukazatele dojnic ve vybraném chovu
ZERZÁNKOVÁ, Veronika
This thesis provides an overview of the literature on reproduction attributes of the Holstein Friesian cattle and its influence on the cattle reproductive indices. One of the goals was to evaluate the influence of selected factors on the reproduction indices for a pre-selected group of dairy cattles. The data has been processed and sorted by the lactation production levels, daily production, order of lactation and the age of the first calving. The data about the used bulls has been processed as well. Another goal of the thesis was acquisition of the data about excluded cows. For the excluded cows, the age, order of lactation, reason for exclusion and life-long production have been recorded. The data for the thesis have been obtained from the production control records and database of breeds in the selected Holstein cattle breeding. The dairy cattles, which got in calf during the years 2017 and 2018 have been evaluated. In particular, for 2017 and 2018, the evaluation was carried out on 190 and 229 dairy cattles respectively, which makes the total of 419 evaluated cows. For those dairy cows, the insemination index data, insemination interval, gestation after first insemination, service period and gestation period has been recovered from the zootechnical register. The evaluation of excluded dairy cows contained 339 dairy cows, which have been excluded during years 2017 and 2018. For the evaluation of the used bulls, the total count and description of how the bull for insemination have been selected is provided. Evaluation the influence of level of lactation production on the reproduction indices has shown a significant (p0,05) statistical relation between production levels and duration of the service period. It has also been proven that this has an influence on the insemination index levels. The lowest values (p0,05) of service period and insemination index have been detected for dairy cattles with production up to 6 999 kg. On the other hand, the highest values of service period and insemination index have been recorded for the dairy cattles with production up to 9 000 kg (p0,05). The influence of daily dairy production levels on the reproduction indices have been evaluated as well. It can be clearly seen from the results that as the daily dairy production increases, the service period increases as well. The lowest values (p0,05) of the service period was recorded for breeds, who had the daily production levels up to 24.99 kg. Opposed to that, the highest values of service period have been recorded for dairy cattles with average daily milk production over 30 kg. The evaluation of order of lactation on the reproduction indices did not show any significant statistical results (p0,05). Furthermore, during the evaluation of first calving, no statistically significant differences have been shown (p0,05). Last reproduction index we have evaluated was gestation after the first insemination. The groups were divided by the production levels, daily milk production, order of lactation and age of the first calving. For each group, the percentage of cattles that got in calf after first insemination has been computed. On average, this value was 36.28%.
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Analýza fázové výživy dojnic v daném zemědělském podniku
VONA, Barbora
The thesis deals with the analysis of the phase feeding in herds of Holstein cattle in specific operating conditions and its relation to milk yield and health of dairy cows. In the reference event to be optimized ration drystanding cows and lactating cows in comparison protocols laboratory analysis of mixed rations to standard NRC by the enterprise uses for compiling rations. The thesis was evaluated the effect of ration on milk yield and content of milk components and also affect the incidence of metabolic disorders. The aim of the thesis was to analyze the phase nutrition of dairy cows in the reporting company in relation to milk production and health, to evaluace the quality of feed rations, some feed and feeding technique. It was found that the monitored parameters do not match any breed mixed rations used in the standard, which could lead to reduced levels of production and reproduction and deterioration in health of dairy cows. It was further found that in the observed rearing occur very frequent occurrence of metabolic disturbances and fluctuations in the milk production.
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Vyhodnocení ukazatelů užitkovosti a dlouhověkosti ve vybraném stádě holštýnského skotu
BUNKOVÁ, Olga
Cattle farming is one of the most important branches of animal husbandry both in Czechia and worldwide. Cattle is the largest source of milk for human consumption in the world. Its digestibility and high contain of protein are reasons why cow's milk and dairy products have been ireplacable part of human diet for millennia. Holstein cattle is a black and white breed known for the highest milk production and great adaptability. Numerous studies have shown holstein cattle is able to adapt to many different climate conditions while keeping its high usability. Main purpose of modern holstein cattle husbandry is increase of production, shortening of calving intervals and lowering age at first calving. That is however closely connected to longevity and especially to the lenght of productive life, which are the deciding factors as the priority is to maintain cattle farming cost effective. The purpose of this work was to research factors that influence production, reproduction and longevity of holstein dairy cattle. One part is deals with observing and analysing herds of holstein cows from two different farms. Collected and analysed information about production, reproduction and life expectancy were compared using appropriate statistical methods.
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Comparison of Movement Activity of Dairy Cows of Czech Fleckvieh Breed and Holstein Breed.
ZACH, Ondřej
This diploma thesis was focused on comparison of movement activity of dairy cows of Czech Fleckvieh Breed and Holstein Breed. Three herds of Czech Fleckvieh Breed and three herds of Holstein Breed were chosen on six farms. An observation of movement activity of dairy cows took place using pedometers during one year. Gained data was processed afterwards and then the comparison of breed influence on their movement activity was made. Possible effect of season on movement activity and effect of movement activity on efficiency was taken into account. The observation did not prove any difference of moving activity between observed breeds.
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Analýza mléčné užitkovosti stáda skotu v ZD Rodvínov
TLACHNOVÁ, Nikola
The research of indicators of the milk production and fertility was conducted in the cooperative farm Rodvínov possessing in total of 198 cows. All cows were bred in the same conditions in years of 2012/2013, 2013/2014 and 2014/2015. The choosing criteria for observed cows were at least second finished lactation. The cows of Czech fleckvieh, their crossbreeds and crossbreeds of Holstein cattle were divided into 7 groups by genotype (C50, C51-74, C75-87, C88-100, H51-74, R51-74, R45-49CM) and into 8 groups by number of lactations. The focus of the research was to discover and confirm the difference of genotype and number of lactation on milk production, milk components, the steadiness of milk production, the service period lenght, insemination interval, the age of first calving and calving interval. Variation were significant ( = 0,001; p < 0,001) between groups of genotype in the milk production, milk components (%) and production of milk components (kg). Differences in reproduction indicators were not significant. From the statistical perspective it is possible to confirm the cows with genotype C50H, H51-74, R51-74 genotype are better in the production of milk, fat and protein. The lowest production had showed cattle from the group of C88-100. Cows with genotype C51-74, C75-87, C88-100, R45-49CM had higher part of milk components than cows with genotype H51-74 and R51-74. First lactation cows had lowest milkproduction, highest production occurred in second lactation.The production of fat and protein was highly different in first lactation. The production of fat and protein was increased by the number of raised lactation. Statistically important difference of milk fattiness were discovered between first and second lactation. The amount of protein was rapidly decreasing till the end of third lactation.
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Porovnání mléčné užitkovosti genotypů českého strakatého a holštýnského skotu chovaných ve stejných podmínkách
NOVÁKOVÁ, Hana
The basic prerequisite to the economic prosperity of an agricultural company specializing in dairy cows is maximum production of milk and, by extension, dairy by-products at minimal production costs. In order to achieve that it is necessary to have dairy cows with the potential to reach optimal dairy production in the conditions of the given agricultural company. The objective of this paper is to assess the effect of genotype, lactation sequence, and age of the dairy cow at first calving on the parameters of her milk productivity. Our monitoring was conducted at a company named CIZ-AGRO, a. s., Cizkrajov. For our analysis, we used productivity data measured from October 2012 to February 2015, during which the cows ended at least one lactation period lasting 240 305 days. These input parameters were collected from a total of 495 dairy cows that had ended a total of 997 lactations. The compilation of lactations was subsequently sorted out by genotype and lactation sequence, and thereupon by genotype and age of the dairy cows at first calving. Thus classified groups were assessed by average milk production, dairy fat, milk protein per lactation, and percentage content of fat and protein in their milk. The obtained results were thereupon subjected to a statistical analysis. The highest average milk productivity per lactation (9283 liters) was achieved by dairy cows in the group H100 that calved first at the age of over 27 months; the lowest milk (6239.2 liters) was recorded with a C100 heifer. In the group classified by lactation sequence, the differences were not statistically significant, the groups classified by the age at first calving, the differences were less significant statistically (P<0.05). Evaluation of the percentage content of milk components as well as the overall production of milk components per lactation in the group of lactations classified by genotype and lactation sequence, there were no statistically significant differences between the individual groups identified. In the group of lactations classified by genotype and age at first calving, the result showed less significant differences (P<0.05) between the group evaluated by total milk fat productivity and milk protein content per lactation. Monitoring the percentage content of fat in the milk in relation to the genotype and age of the dairy cow at first calving recorded medium level of statistically significant differences between the groups (P<0.01).
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Ethological manifestations of dairy cows in relation to the management system feeding regime
KABELÁČ, Josef
The main aim of this thesis was to gain essential data from which it was possible to formulate findings about behaviour of dairy cattle in relation to the control system of feeding regime. The practical part of the thesis was based on a quantitative research and the basis of the empirical part was a research based on an observation which took place at the farm Agochlum of farming enterprise in Záluží, near Sušice. This research enables to evaluate the impact of the frequency of feed distribution and hilling on ethological behaviour of dairy cattle. The observation focused on activities connected with feed intake, drinking, lying and milking. The research took place in three continuous observational periods, each observation lasted 24 hours. The result of the research is evaluation of the average number of milking a day and average daily milk yield, preparation time for milking, milking duration, total time in the box, time in individual milkings, total activity of dairy cattle 30 minutes after milking and the evaluation of state of health of mammary gland, all of this is in connection with the feeding regime. Data gained from the observation was processed into tables and diagrams in MS Excel and it was statistically evaluated. The basic method of the research was the observation of dairy cattle in a given period by given people, recording into ethological diary, the analysis of gained data and the comparison of the result with other theses. The instructions of the thesis are based on the project NAZV - QJ1210144 and NAZV QJ1530058.
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