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Assesment of quality of postoperative analgesic care
Rákosová, Andrea ; Burišková, Klára (advisor) ; Hakenová, Renata (referee)
Introduction: The acute postoperative pain management is recently a concern of many expert committees and professional associations. The evidence of an increased interest in this issue is the Practice Guidelines for Acute Pain Management released by American Pain Society. According to these recommendations, the pain should be monitored as a fifth vital function. As a logical consequence of modern trends of pain management, Czech Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine issued guidelines for acute pain management in postoperative setting. This paper is an attempt to describe and evaluate the quality of postoperative analgetic care after total knee and hip replacements in a selected institution's department.………………………………..…………………………………… Methods: The aim of our empirical survey was to assess the level of quality of postoperative care and analgesia in the selected department. We focused mainly on the question of pain trivializing from the nurses side, their approach towards patients suffering from acute pain and, finally, the level of patient's awareness of pain intensity assessment systems and treatment options. Using the quantitative research methods, we evaluated the differences in perceiving of postoperative pain treatment quality from patient's and nurse's point of view. The survey...
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Comparison of postoperative analgesia in ICU
Trojanová, Eva ; Bruthans, Jan (advisor) ; Pavlíček, Bohumil (referee)
The thesis deals with comparing the postoperative analgesia with a focus on pacients after hip replacement surgery at the intensive care units. The quantitative study realized at the Fakultní nemocnice v Motole and Nemocnice Třebíč during November 2012 and February 2013. The main task of the theoretical part is to analyze the current trends in the field of post- operativeanalgesia by the patients undergoing hip joint surgery as well as the explanation the basicconcepts of this issue and overviewing the international postoperative pain treatments. The practical part is an objective comparison the postoperative analgesia byselected patients at the Fakultní nemocnice v Motole and Nemocnice Třebíč determined by questionnaire. The results of the questionnaire are processed into graphical representation and subsequently evaluated. The work serves to clarify the overall issue of post-operative analgesia. The focus is mainly on ensuring the quality of postoperative analgesia, the financial requirements administered analgesics and the possible complications associated with the use of analgesic therapy. Key words: Analgesia, pain, hip surgery, visual analogue scale, analgesics
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Use of adrenergic receptor alpha2-agonists in pain treatment
Soláriková, Ivana ; Vaculín, Šimon (advisor) ; Maršáková, Lenka (referee)
α2-adrenergic receptor agonists are adjuvant analgesics involved in the modulation and treatment of pain acting in the noradrenergic system. Binding of α2 agonists to receptors initiates a cascade of actions leading i.a. to antinociception. The most clinically applied analgesics of this type include clonidine, dexmedetomidine, and xylazine used in veterinary medicine. The ability to potentiate the effects of opioid and nonopioid analgesics and anesthetics leading to dose reduction is especially advantageous as it relieves unpleasant side effects associated with opioid use, and reduces the risk of tolerance development. They are effective in local anesthesia due to the peripheral site of action and do not cause characteristic, centrally mediated side effects of hemodynamic character. They are involved in the suppression of inflammatory response in the body by inhibiting the production of proinflammatory cytokines. Despite the wide range of action, α2 agonists appear to be safe in many different contraindications, such as sepsis, diabetes or pregnancy. Keywords: α2-adrenergic receptors, agonists, pain, analgesia, clonidine, dexmedetomidine, potentiation, adjuvant
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Use of acupuncture in rehabilitation of vertebrogenic algic syndrome
NOVÝ, Filip
The topic of my thesis is a description of the possibilities of using acupuncture in the treatment of VAS. The thesis is divided into two parts, theoretical and practical. In my work, I focus on the current state of knowledge about acupuncture: the history of acupuncture, Eastern philosophy, its principles, acupuncture meridians and points. In terms of modern rehabilitation, I focus in the theoretical section on the issue of trigger points (TrPs), which have a highly significant position in modern studies on acupuncture. The second part of the theoretical work is concentrated on the phenomenon of pain, which is an important element in understanding VAS and the operating principles of acupuncture. In the third part I attempt to describe and compare modern techniques and alternative acupunctures used in the treatment of VAS. To address the efficiency and reliability of the techniques I analyzed data from reputable international studies. The practical part begins with a list of the methods employed and a definition of research objectives and research questions. The aim of the research was to consider the possibilities of the use of acupuncture in the treatment of VAS and, by means of a questionnaire, to assess its analgesic effect.
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