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The interaction between stored product arthropods and pathogenic microorganisms causing hazard effect tot he consumers
Wofková, Gabriela ; Hubert, Jan (advisor) ; Stejskal, Václav (referee)
The ecological feeding interaction between arthropods and pathogens causes damage of stored plant commodities for human food and animal feed. This damage leads to loss of quality and quantity of stored products. The stored commodities are inhabited by microscopic fungi and various bacteria. These moulds are producing mycotoxins. The bacteria in stored products include human pathogens and also bacteria which are able to transfer the genes of antibiotic resistance. Fungivorous arthropods are able to distribute them to the new habitats and indirectly influence mycotoxin contained in stored food. They also disperse some bacteria of pathogenic influence on human or bacteria able to transfer genes of antibiotic resistance in stored plant commodities. The study summarizes possible risk effects of microbial and arthropods pest interaction to human.
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Plant - insect interactions in lower Miocene of Central Europe: palaeoclimatological and palaeoecological implications
Knor, Stanislav ; Prokop, Jakub (advisor) ; Kvaček, Jiří (referee) ; Mikuláš, Radek (referee)
The paleoecology of plant - arthropod herbivory associations constitute very important source of knowledge about the phylogeny and co-evolution of both groups. The traces of herbivory interactions between plants and arthropods on the fossil leaves are preserved as so called damaged types (DTs) clustered into distinct functional feeding groups (FFGs). The diversity and frequency of these damage traces also seem to have been strongly influenced by environmental and climatic conditions. This research has been focused on rich fossil plant assemblages from the area of the Most Basin in the north-western Bohemia. The undergoing work has comprised the diagnosis of the individual damages on the basis of their specific morphological traits as their number, size, shape and distributional pattern on the leaf surface. The next issue has involved the statistical analyses concerning the differences in the frequency and diversity of the types of damage and functional feeding groups between two separate fossiliferous layers, namely those of the stratigraphically older Bílina Delta and younger Břešťany Clay. Significant differences were confirmed in this regard, especially in connection with achieved frequency and proportional occurrences of distinct functional feeding groups in the Bílina Delta. The galls were the...
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Cropping management influence on epigeic arthropods´ biodiversity
Michalčíková, Lenka ; Barták, Miroslav (advisor)
Soil biota is critical for many functions Agro Ecosystems, provides various ecosystem services. Has an impact on the water regime of soil, detoxify contaminants like. These processes (and organisms that control) determines plant growth and thus maintain long-term productivity of ecosystems Agro. Soil also hosts many invertebrate herbivores, microbial pathogens and rhizosphere organisms that have a direct impact on the growth of crops. Modi fi cation of vegetation and soil themselves agricultural activities affect soil biota, which has retroactive effect on plant growth and nutrient turnover. Indirect influence of soil biota in agriculture lies in the manipulation of plant cover, which affects the quality and quantity of organic inputs to the soil (Bartak, 2002). Just as property of the soil by soil organisms, employee participation, and vice versa soil organisms react sensitively to any changes of soil environment (Barrios, 2007).
This view of individual species allows us to analyze the composition of Agro biota. For many systematic groups agrobiocenóza formed predominantly species of group 2, thus representing a degradation stage agrobiocenóza original cenózy in other taxa in turn is substantially represented group 3. Specific agrobiocenózy composition also depends on the type of culture and forms management (Barták 2002).
Traditional technology tillage. Basic tillage involves plowing, plowing, and their treatment, deepening topsoil, undermining and deep soil loosening. Tillage to regulate the conditions for plant growth and development. Further modifying the physical state of the ground, regulates the ratio between water and air in the soil, acts on the activity of microorganisms and invertebrates; tillage accelerates mineralization of organic substances affects Humicola fi cation processes in the soil. The level of tillage is strongly reflected in the development of plants during all vegetation (Faměra, 1993). According Suškeviče (1997) is essential in conventional agriculture obdělávacím surgery and one of the most important measures agrotechnical plowing. Minimizing tillage systems Reducing tillage intensity, ie. Minimization system and direct the mean substantial benefits for soil fertility. The intensity of tillage has a big impact on her fertility and maturity. Such as soil fertility is understood its long-term ability to procreate, while the maturity of the soil is a measure of soil structure supporting the right fertility. The key indicators of soil fertility are the aggregation of soil particles (density, clay and humus complexes), porosity and water content and soil nutrients. The high humus content, high biological activity and low erosion are the determining factors behind the high fertility of the soil. Minimization and soil conservation systems, these factors promote (Köller and Linke, 2006).
Many previous studies comparing the biodiversity of farmland under different management systems. These studies cover a wide range of taxa. Hole et al. (2005) 76 worthy of such studies. Regarding cultivation practices, there is work comparing biodiversity much less. For example Schier (2006) considers the soil conservation tillage of the soil behind friendly environment which is favorable for arthropods, particularly insects.
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Diversity of insect communities of non-indigenous forests of black pine (Pinus nigra) in the western part of Central Bohemia
Tůmová, Klára ; Kadlec, Tomáš (advisor) ; Jakubíková, Lada (referee)
Due to the rapid intensification of agriculture, there were a bigger and more often habitat loss and their fragmentation. These led to the decreasing of the size of suitable habitats and their isolation. The isolation of landscape fragments is a basic geographical characteristic, which plays an important role in the ecological invasions. The invasions generally cause major economic damages and they affect the loss of biological diversity in the stands.
In this work, we focused on the effects of black pine (Pinus nigra). This wood plant has been occurred in the Czech Republic since the Tertiary period and disappeared by the subsequent disintegration of continents. The aim of this study is to determine the influence of black pine (Pinus nigra) on the invertebrates compared with the native stands of scots pine (Pinus sylvetris).
The experiment was conducted at 35 plots in Central Bohemia (18 plots of Scots pine, 17 plots of black pine). The invertebrates were captured by light traps. The total abundance and biomass of invertebrates were determined from the captured samples. From the processed data was not proven negative impact on non-native black pine to overall abundance and biomass of invertebrates. This fact is most likely due to the phylogenetic relationship of both pine species.
There were not found any differences in abundance and biomass of most herbivorous groups of invertebrates. However, in the black pine stands was reported a higher incidence of carnivorous species of invertebrates.
The stands of the black pine have no negative impact on number of invertebrates in the Czech Republic, actually there was demonstrated even higher affinity of carnivorous species of invertebrates to the black pine trees.
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