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Karbonizovaný čistírenský kal a jeho vliv na vybrané půdní parametry
Mikulcová, Kateřina
This bachelor's thesis deals with the effect of carbonized sewage sludge on selected soil parameters. The characteristics of soil and biochar are described and supplemented by a description of its production and importance in the past and present. As part of the practical part of the bachelor's thesis, a container experiment was established in three variants with increasing doses of biochar, which served as a basis for evaluating the selected analyses. The application of biochar positively influenced the increase in plant biomass, there was also an increase in root colonization by arbuscular mycorrhiza, the value of soil pH and the proportion of stable soil aggregates increased. A decrease in dehydrogenase activity was evaluated as an undesirable effect of biochar. The solution to the problem of inhibiting microbial activity is the application of biochar together with another organic fertilizer (manure or compost), which supports microbial activity until the biochar particles themselves become a suitable environment for colonization.
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Acquiring of phosphorus from sewage sludge
Boubínová, Marie ; Chorazy, Tomáš (referee) ; Hlavínek, Petr (advisor)
The diploma thesis is focused on phosphorus recovery from sewage sludge. In the first part of the thesis, research of phosphorus recovery from sewage sludge is explained. Reusing of phosphorus, a critical material of mankind, is expressed with the principles of the circular economy. The second part of the thesis defines the potential of phosphorus extraction from sewage sludge from medium-sized (Trutnov WWTP) and large (Modřice WWTP) wastewater treatment plant and a technical and economic study of the proposed phosphorus recycling system at these wastewater treatment plants is described.
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Utilization of wastewater sluge to green infrastructure
Kozová, Barbora ; Ševčík,, Jan (referee) ; Hlavínek, Petr (advisor)
This bachelor thesis discusses the issue of use of wastewater sludge in green infrastructure in relation to the circular economy. Firstly, it summarizes wastewater treatment technologies and specifications of green infrastructure such as green roofs, walls, and others. Secondly, the thesis compares the affordability of different types of green roofs and green parking. The paper concludes with a final evaluation of the findings.
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The thermochemical methods for the recovery of P from the waste sludge
Struňáková, Katarína ; Šyc, Michal (advisor) ; Innemanová, Petra (referee)
Global food production is strongly dependent on the application of phosphate fertilizers, the production requires apatite - a primary phosphate rock. Apatite is a non-renewable source of phosphorus, depletion of which estimated within the next 50 - 300 years. Sewage sludge is an important secondary source of phosphorus through recycling. Thermochemical methods pose one of the ways of recycling phosphorus from this source. For this diploma thesis, the hydrothermal carbonization of stabilized sewage sludge was monitored in the environments of distilled water, sulfuric acid solution and sodium hydroxide solution. The trans- port of phosphorus and heavy metals between the solid and liquid product of this treatment depending on the environmental conditions was monitored. In all cases, the weight of the sewage sludge was reduced and parts of the organic matter were destroyed. The highest efficiency was achieved under alkaline conditions, where the weight was reduced by 44 % and the resulting solid product contained approximately 25 % of organic matter. After neutral hydrothermal treatment, 91 % of the phosphorus remained in solid form, in which the other monitored elements also accumulated. The greatest release of phosphorus into the liquid phase occurred under acidic conditions when 62 % of the phosphorus...
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Legislativní podmínky pro použití upravených kalů na zemědělské půdě
Andrlová, Veronika ; Horáková, Eva
Tento článek prezentuje současné legislativní aspekty týkající se nakládání s kaly z čistíren odpadních vod. Český zákon o odpadech definoval typy subjektů, které mohou určitým způsobem pracovat s kaly. Vyhláška obsahuje technické podmínky pro použití upravených kalů na zemědělské půdě, například že všechny kaly, které budou takto použity musí být nejdříve upraveny zákonem definovaných zařízeních. Jsou zde popsány evidenční povinnosti, které mají provozovatelé zařízení na použití upravených kalů do půdy.
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Biologicky rozložitelný odpad jako zdroj živin pro půdu
Křížová, Olga
The main objective of this bachelor thesis „Biodegradable waste as a source of nutrients for soil“ is to assess potential of processing and utilizing biodegradable waste and use of the resulting output on farmland. Partial outputs are reading up available literature on the biodegradable waste matters, on its production, ways of processing and utilizing the resulting output on farmland. Particularly there are introduced techniques of composting in open area with digging-up and controlled ventilation that are used in compostery Fer-tia s.r.o. based in Náměšť nad Oslavou. In the final part there are mentioned outputs from composting analysis based on the above mentioned technologies and using stock composition with sewage sludge and also the possibilities of using composts with this stock composition on farmland as of advantages and disadvantages, risks and potential source of nutrients.
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Harvesting of materials from wastewater and sludge
Boubínová, Marie ; Chorazy, Tomáš (referee) ; Hlavínek, Petr (advisor)
This bachelor thesis is focused on the issue of recycling raw materials from wastewater and sewage sludge with emphasis on phosphorus. The first part of the thesis deals with the problems associated with resources of phosphorus, the use of the legislative and recycling of phosphorus. Then, physico-chemical and biological methods of phosphorus recycling from wastewater and products of their further processing at WWTPs are discussed. Phosphorus recycling is also described in terms of the circular economy, which is explained at the end of the first part of this thesis. The second part of this thesis is a technical-economic research for a specific WWTP over 50 thousand. PE in the Czech Republic. The available technologies for recycling phosphorus from wastewater, sewage sludge and sewage sludge ash are described alsonhere. Then, the technologies are compared and evaluated.
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Analysis of biochar aqueous extracts by separation methods
Tučková, Dominika ; Čáslavský, Josef (referee) ; Mravcová, Ludmila (advisor)
This master's thesis deals with the analysis of biochar extracts by separation methods. All analyzed biochar was produced from waterworks sludge by microwave pyrolysis. The aim of the thesis is the optimization of the sample preparation method and its analysis in a laboratory environment. With the ever-growing world population, the problem of a sustainable economy in both agriculture and waste management is becoming increasingly urgent. This fact has led most countries to consider promoting the so-called Circular Economy. The use of sewage sludge as a feedstock for biochar production is perfectly in line with this strategy. So far, however, the short term and the long term benefits and risks of using biochar have not been sufficiently described. Potentially hazardous organic substances were extracted from the biochar extracts by three techniques: liquid-liquid extraction, solid-phase extraction, and solid- phase micro-extraction. The obtained samples were analyzed using the GS-MS/TOF method. The individual methods were compared. Several biochar samples from WWTP Brno and WWTP Drahovice were selected and analyzed to verify the suitability of the selected sample analysis method.
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Possibilities of separation of phosphorus compounds from sewage sludge
Iliushchenko, Valeriia ; Kalina, Lukáš (referee) ; Opravil, Tomáš (advisor)
This bachelor work deals with the issue of non-renewable natural resource – phosphorus. Phosphorus finds its application especially in the form of the salts of phosphorous acid. The use of phosphorus compounds is very varied from binders for refractory materials, fertilizer to foodstuffs. Due to the fact, that relatively large amount of human activity is bounded with phosphorus and its compounds, it can be assumed that over the time, the amount of phosphorus respectively its compounds will decrease, so the cost will increase. Owing to widespread use of this stuffs, it can be supposed that these substances could be concentrated for example in sewage sludge. Therefore, the object of this study will be the treatment of sewage sludge, where methods for separating phosphorus compounds will be sought. The aim of this bachelor work is to verify, whether sewage sludge can be used as an alternative source of phosphorus.
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