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Energy recovery of waste
Vala, Michal ; Baláš, Marek (referee) ; Moskalík, Jiří (advisor)
The first part of this thesis sums up problems arising from waste production and compares different ways and technologies of waste treatment. Second part of this thesis focuses on one of these ways, on the incineration of waste with energy recovery. It discusses specifics and possibilities of this technology and describe current situation in the Czech Republic.
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Simulation of technologies for thermal treatment of waste
Venhoda, Tomáš ; Kropáč, Jiří (referee) ; Pavlas, Martin (advisor)
This thesis mainly deals with the thermal treatment of waste - hazardous waste incineration and energy recovery municipal waste incinerators - their descriptions and analysis of legislative conditions. The flue gas cleaning system energy production in different operating modes is assessed by energy and mass balances. Computational models are developed for this purpose. On this basis, productions of energy from thermal treatment of hazardous and communal waste were compared.
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Waste heat recovery vith steam turbine
Korytár, Zbyněk ; Vlček, Lukáš (referee) ; Fiedler, Jan (advisor)
The aim of this thesis is the design of municipal waste incinerator using the generated steam for power generation and distribution of heat. At the beginning is engaged in development of waste issues and the current state of waste management. The next section describes the options of waste treatment and possible solutions to the current state of waste issues. The concept of waste incineration plants: For waste incineration is used line for burning 100,000 tons of municipal waste per year.Combustion takes place in a grate boiler. Its advantage is the versatility and flexibility to waste. Electricity generation is dealt with condensing turbine with controlled consumption. The flue gas cleaning is designed to semi-wet method. The final stage involves the calculation of the balance, the calculation of electric energyand basic economic evaluation.
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Advanced Computational Tool for Flue Gas Cleaning System Design in Thermal Processing of Waste
Kropáč, Jiří ; Klemeš,, Jiří (referee) ; Ucekaj, Vladimír (referee) ; Bébar, Ladislav (advisor)
The thesis describes the development of a computational tool that allows sophisticated analysis and design of flue gas cleaning technologies for thermal treatment of waste. The assessment of a technological composition of the process in terms of energy consumption, temperature of the flue gas stream and ensuring the fulfilment of emission limits allows estimating the influence of flue gas cleaning system on parameters of an up-to-date waste incinerator. The work is based on an already created computational system. Its output will be integrated into a software system with a user-friendly interface. Creation of the computational system is based on the performed research in the given area. The work presents sets of operational values and relationships describing current technologies used to reduce harmful emissions in the flue gas from thermal treatment of waste.
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Electrostatic precipitator for wood firing stoves
Brázda, Kryštof ; Baláš, Marek (referee) ; Brázdil, Marian (advisor)
The presented diploma thesis deals with the design of an electrostatic precipitator for a domestic automatic wood fuel boiler. The individual chapters describe the products of the combustion process, the principles of charging dust particles, describe existing patents related to electrostatic precipitators, commercial electrostatic precipitators and the last part of the work calculates a mathematical model, according to which previously designed and evaluated separator variants were designed and evaluated. Based on the results, the optimal variant of the electrostatic precipitator designed for a domestic boiler is then selected.
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Reduction of nitrogen oxides from the flue gas stream on catalysts under non-standard conditions
Minář, Marek ; Brummer, Vladimír (referee) ; Jecha, David (advisor)
The objective of the presented diploma thesis is reduction of nitrogen oxides from the flue gas stream on catalyst under non-standart conditions. Emphasis is places on the description of selected pollutants in flue gas (especially nitrogen oxides), legislative requirements for air protection and technologies for removal of nitrogen oxides, expecially methods of selective catalytic and non-catalytic reduction. The practical part is devoted to the reduction of nitrogen oxides by selective catalytic reduction on a pilot plant INTEQ II in the laboratory NETME Center. The subject of interest is the determination of the NOx reduction efficiency depend on the temperature for selected catalyst. The end of the practical part pursues with comparison of measurement results and their evaluation.
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Recovery of Energy from Municipal Wastes
Procházka, Jaroslav ; Bébar, Ladislav (referee) ; Jícha, Jaroslav (advisor)
Master’s thesis deal with the design of waste to energy plant of municipal waste. The design of technology is to build the component parts of plant and basic calculation of individual apparatus. Overall technology concists of pretreatment of municipal waste, which is then stored in the bunker. Pretreatment municipal waste is fed into the counterflow rotary kiln. Flue Gates from the kilns are routed through multicyklony in the heat recovery steam generators (HRSG). The multicyklon separates the pollutants. The HRSG generates steam required properties from the feedwater from the heat kontent of gas. Superheated steam is driven to the condensing turbine with extract steam for distrikt rating and for power generation. The flue gas from the HRSG are passed through purification section, in which are separand pollutants the dry method purification. The left heat content of flue gas is used in heat exchanger with twist tube for preheating feed water for the HRSG. The flue gas are fed to the stack.
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Co-incineration sewage sludge in the existing plant
Krejčí, Tomáš ; Ferdan, Tomáš (referee) ; Frýba, Lukáš (advisor)
This thesis focuses on problems with co-incineration of sewage sludge in existing plants. The introduction of my thesis deals with a brief summary of a sludge management, sludge treatment methods and subsequent utilizations methods used for sledge disposal. Next chapter contains a calculation of calorific value, depending on the water content and volatile substances in dry solids of the sludge, it offers an overview of devices applicable for thermal processing of sludge and a description of the co-incineration in existing plants. The seventh chapter is devoted to the legislative parameters which influence the ways of dealing with sewage sludge. After the thermal treatment of sludge it is necessary to decontaminate flue gases of harmful substances resulting from incineration process, thus following there is a description of the most important devices used for its elimination or its reduction. My work ends with a search of methods dealing with the thermal sludge utilization in foreign countries.
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Waste Incineration II: Flue Gas Cleaning Equipment
Albrecht, Jan ; Juřena, Tomáš (referee) ; Turek, Vojtěch (advisor)
Description of the thermal treatment methods dealing with wastes is a major concern of the present study. Emphasis is placed on equipment and methods for purification of waste gases created in the process of thermal destruction. Considering that the efficiency of flue gas treatment is dependent not only on the activity of flue gas equipment elimination, but is completely dependent on a whole unit of operating incinerators, we can not focus exclusively on the block of flue gas treatment. Therefore, in the study there are given a description and drawings of equipment for thermal processing of waste. First part of this thesis addresses the koncept the concept of "waste", its definition, classification and possibilities for treatment or recovery. The whole thesis is also written with emphasis on current legislation relating to waste and thermal processing.
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Evaluation of the alternatives of PCDD/F removing in the incineration plants
Frýba, Lukáš ; Kropáč, Jiří (referee) ; Bébar, Ladislav (advisor)
The thesis is focused on analyzing the current status of the technology used for cleaning flue gas from persistent organic pollutants, especially PCDD/F. For the three most commonly used methods of solution operational and energy efficiency comparison was made, where achievable energy export and the impact of the change in working conditions on the efficiency indicators of energy production and use of the energy was evaluated. In conditions we considered an alternative machine-technological solutions used for the final disposal of persistent organic pollutants resulting from the waste combustion in terms of additional operating costs and energy efficiency.
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