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Perception of risk factors for atherosclerosis from the perspective of a patient after acute myocardial infarction
SAMCOVÁ, Tereza
This bachelor thesis focuses on examining the perception of atherosclerosis risk factors from the perspective of patients after acute myocardial infarction. The theoretical part delves into the characteristics of atherosclerosis and its associated risk factors. It also addresses myocardial infarction, including its pathophysiology, treatment procedures, and nursing care for patients post-MI.The practical part sets two main objectives. The first objective is to map the perception of atherosclerosis risk factors among patients post-MI, while the second objective is to assess whether these patients have changed their behavior regarding atherosclerosis risk factors. To achieve these goals, qualitative research in the form of semi-structured interviews was conducted with 13 patients who were at least one month post-MI. The research took place in a cardiology outpatient clinic in České Budějovice.The research indicates that the majority of patients are aware of atherosclerosis risk factors and strive to follow preventive measures. Additionally, it is evident that all patients post-MI have exhibited some degree of behavior change concerning atherosclerosis risk factors.These findings could serve as a basis for developing educational programs aimed at preventing atherosclerosis in patients post-MI, thereby contributing to the overall improvement of their health status and quality of life.
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Automatic detection of ischemia in ECG
Noremberczyk, Adam ; Potočňák, Tomáš (referee) ; Ronzhina, Marina (advisor)
This thesis discusses the utilization of the artificial neural networks (ANN) for detection of coronary artery disease (CAD) in frequency area. The first part of this thesis is orientated towards the theoretical knowledge. Describes the issue of ECG pathological changes. ECQ are converted to frequency area. Described statistical methods and methods for automatic detection of CAD and MI. Explained the issue of the perceptron and ANN. The second deals with use of Neural Network Toolbox MATLAB®. This part focuses on counting and finding suitable parameters and making connection of band. At the end of the thesis UNS is used to detect ischemic parameters and the results are discussed. Average values for the best settings are 100% accuracy.
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Development of Material Based on Hyaluronic Acid s Hydrogels for Myocardial Regeneration
Kovářová, Lenka ; Kubala,, Lukáš (referee) ; Prokš,, Vladimír (referee) ; Pekař, Miloslav (advisor)
The thesis is focused on material development based on hyaluronic acid usable in regenerative medicine, especially for heart tissue regeneration after myocardial infarction. The object of the study is the oxidized form of hyaluronic acid (HA-Ox) and hydroxyphenyl derivative of HA (HA-TA). HA-Ox can be crosslinked with a bifunctional alkoxyamine POA and HA-TA undergoes an enzymatic reaction in the presence of hydrogen peroxide catalysed by horseradish peroxidase leading to gel formation. To describe the materials, chemical and physical properties, gelation kinetics and conditions of crosslinking reactions were studied. Hydrogels were characterized by mechanical and viscoelastic properties, degradability or stability in simulated body fluids. These hydrogels serve as scaffolds for the selected cell type. To promote cell adhesion and viability, an RGD sequence has been bonded to the structure of HA-TA. This resulting material is also compatible with selected applicators. Its viscosity and extrusion force are low enough to allow application with a catheter with a very small internal diameter. The applicability of the material through the supply tube to the hydrogel reservoir of the second SPREADS device showed good homogeneity, cell distribution and viability. Finally, the material was applied in vivo using these devices during a preclinical study.
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Application of flow cytometry for multiplex analyses in clinical biochemistry
Babušíková, Lucie ; Tremlová,, Bohuslava (referee) ; Beňovská,, Miroslava (advisor)
This thesis discusses the technique of flow cytometry for multiplex analysis and its use in conjunction with imunochemical methods. As part of this work was carried out clinical studies dealing with secondary prevention of myocardial infarction and atherosclerosis in 186 pacientů. In this time represents myocardial infarction worldwide civilizational problem. A number of possible parameters for monitoring atherosclerosis in the world is still an unresolved issue. In the practical part of this work we performed an analysis using Luminex xMAP technology for new parameters (adiponectin, resistin, osteopontin) to predict atherosclerotic disease associated with myocardial infarcion. Also we wanted to see how these parameters are changed in patients after increasing the dose of therapeutic drugs.
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Automatic detection of myocardial infarction in ECG
Nejedlý, Lukáš ; Kozumplík, Jiří (referee) ; Smíšek, Radovan (advisor)
This master’s thesis deals with the automatic detection of myocardial infarction in ECG. Semester work consists of two parts. The theoretical part provides a description of the electrical conduction system of the heart, spreading of electrical activity through the heart muscle, the methods of ECG scanning and the ECG curve. There are also mentioned the causes of myocardial ischemia and various methods of its detection. Another part is devoted to high-frequency ECG, analysis of HFQRS and clinical studies which describe the use of high-frequency ECG in diagnosis of myocardial infarction. In the practical part is proposed an algorithm using low-frequency components ECG and an algorithm using high-frequency components ECG for automatic detection of myocardial infarction. The proposed algorithms are implemented in programming environment MATLAB and tested on signals from the PTB database. The final part of the master‘s thesis is devoted to the comparison of the success of myocardial infarction by means of low frequency and high frequency components of ECG and comparison of achieved results with results from clinical studies.
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Automatic detection of ischemia in ECG using artificial neural network
Noremberczyk, Adam ; Smital, Lukáš (referee) ; Ronzhina, Marina (advisor)
This thesis discusses the utilization of the artificial neural networks (ANN) as electrocardiography (ECG) classifiers of coronary artery disease (CAD) and myocardial infarction (MI) in ECG signal. The first part of this thesis is orientated towards the theoretical knowledge and describes the issue of ECG pathological changes, methods for automatic detection of CAD and MI and the issue of the perceptron and ANN. The second deals with use of Neural Network Toolbox MATLAB® version R2010a. In graphical user interface development environment (Guide) is created application that is used to compare the success of automatic detection of ischemia in ECG using ANN. It allows the user to set various parameter settings UNS and display ECG waveforms.
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Detekce infarktu myokardu s využitím vektokardiografických záznamů
Vondrák Jaroslav
Tato práce se zabývá návrhem metodiky vyhodnocení elektrické aktivity srdce za účelem detekce infarktu myokardu. K tomuto účelu bylo využito vektorkardiografických záznamů, ze kterých byly extrahovány příznaky analyzující morfologii QRS a T smyčky. K tomuto účelu bylo využito 80 fyziologických a 347 infarktových záznamů z databáze PTB physionet. Z těchto záznamů bylo extrahováno celkem 12 VKG příznaků, které analyzují morfologické vlastnosti srdeční revoluce. Z těchto extrahovaných příznaků dosahuje nejvyšší přesnosti příznak maximálního vektoru T smyčky s hodnotou AUC 86,06 %, sensitivity 79 % a specificity 77 %. Tyto výsledky mohou být užitečné pro podporu diagnostiky v rámci automatizované detekce infarktu myokardu.
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Use of thrombolytics in prehospital emergency care
OHNESORG, Adam
The topic of this bachelor thesis is the use of thrombolytics in pre-hospital care.The theoretical part is focused on the anatomy and physiology of the cardiovascular system. The work presents recent information on anticoagulants, antiaggregants and indications for thrombolysis in pre-hospital care.The practical part of the bachelor's thesis was processed through a qualitative investigation, where semi-structured interviews were used. 13 paramedics from the Karlovy Vary region were involved in the research. The aim of the research was to find out the level of awareness of the paramedics about the issue of thrombolysis in pre-hospital care and to detect practical and theoretical obstacles to its use. The research investigation took place in March 2023. Each informant underwent the interview voluntarily. The resulting data from the interviews were analyzed and coded in the thesis. Subsequently, the data was divided into categories and subcategories. Two research questions were set in the research investigation. The first question focused on the awareness of paramedics about the possibilities of using thrombolytics in pre-hospital care. The second research question addressed barriers to use from a paramedic perspective. Among the obstacles, paramedics also included the small number of cases that require the use of thrombolytics and the resulting limited experience of doctors and paramedics. The main indication for the administration of thrombolytics in pre-hospital care is sudden the use of thrombolysis in acute myocardial infarction is not practically used. Paramedics demonstrated a not good awareness of the indications for thrombolysis and the risks associated with its administration. Due to the very rare administration of thrombolysis in pre-hospital care, it is certainly appropriate to carry out regular training on this issue for both paramedics and EMS doctors.
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The circulating cell-free DNA as a biomarker of civilization diseases
Dyachenko, Yulia ; Daňková, Pavlína (advisor) ; Vaňková, Markéta (referee)
The incidence of civilization diseases in the population is increasing every year due to changing environmental conditions and modern lifestyles. These diseases reduce the quality of life, lead to health complications or even death of patients. This can be prevented by monitoring health status. Circulating free DNA (cfDNA) has the potential to be introduced as a non-invasive biomarker. Possible mechanisms of cfDNA release are apoptosis, necrosis, NETosis, pyroptosis and active secretion. The occurrence of these processes in some civilization diseases allows the use of cfDNA as a biomarker. The aim of this work was to summarize the current knowledge on the possibility of using cfDNA in the diagnosis, monitoring of the development and course of some diseases of civilization, namely obesity, diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, hypertension, myocardial infarction and stroke. From the available literature it can be concluded that cfDNA could be used in clinical practice for the purposes described above. Key words: Circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA), civilization diseases, biomarker, obesity, diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, hypertension, myocardial infarction and stroke.
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Regime measures and cardiologic patient
BOROVKOVÁ, Michaela
This bachelor thesis deals with problems of regime measures accompanying a cardiac patient. Since the term cardiac patient can vary widely, we determined solely one cardiac disease and it is a myocardial infarction. The theoretical part deals with the characterization of disease myocardial infarction, the term prevention and more specific secondary prevention and individual regime measures for patients after myocardial infarction. Furthermore, in this part, there is mentioned the role of a nurse who takes care of a patient, and ultimately problems accompanying recommended regime measures and their compliance. The practical part included determination of two aims. The first was to find out what regime measures are recommended within the secondary prevention to cardiac patients. The second had the task of mapping the nurse's role in an educational process of regime measures. A qualitative research survey applied by non-standard semi-structured interviews, was used for the work. The interviews were held with 10 nurses at the field of cardiology and 6 patients after myocardial infarction event with a gap of one month. The main topic was recommended regime measures and educational process, that generates information transmission. The research survey showed satisfactory knowledge of nurses and the fact that the cardiological nurses are well informed about the matters. The nurses know their role very well and they are aware of what this role involves. The research also revealed a negative section of educational information. The little time security for quality educational process was an unfavourable part. The benefit of this bachelor thesis should be to ease the nursing care and to help the cardiological nurses. We wanted them to have the material at their shoulders, where everything related to the problems of recommended regime measures for patients with myocardial infarction will be summarized.
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