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Radiotherapy bone metastases
ŠIMKOVÁ, Kristina
This bachelor thesis deals with the issue of diagnosis and treatment of bone metastases. Radiotherapy is a key element in the therapy of bone metastases, serving to relieve pain and improve the quality of life of patients with advanced cancer. The theoretical part reviews the available literature on the structure of bone, description of the diagnosis of bone metastases, and their subsequent treatment. The aim of the bachelor thesis was to answer research questions. The practical part focused on quantitative research. For the purposes of the research, research questions were first established, followed by data collection necessary to answer them at the radiotherapy department of the hospital in České Budějovice for the years 2021, 2022, and 2023. Hospital information system NIS was used to obtain patient information and the nature of their illness, and also the Aria planning system to verify information on irradiation techniques and applied doses. The research study included 224 patients. The collected data were then visualized using tables and graphs to facilitate comparison. From the results of the practical part, it was apparent that bone metastases of patients treated with radiotherapy at the hospital in České Budějovice most commonly affected the spine, pelvis, and long bones. The age range was diverse, but the issue of bone metastases mostly concerned patients in the age range of 60-80 years. The applied hypofractionation regimen was chosen considering the location of the metastasis and the patient's current condition. The resulting data and their analysis can serve as feedback to the staff of the respective radiotherapy department. The theoretical processing of the thesis can be used as a framework educational material for students of the field of radiological assistance at ZSF.
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The radio therapy process planning
Slavíček, Tomáš ; Kolářová, Jana (referee) ; Hrozek, Jan (advisor)
This thesis aims to bring reader to the problems of radiotherapy, to give him an overview of basic principles and methods used to treat patients with cancer by ionizing radiation. The first part is devoted to the physical description of radiation and means of quantification. Interactions of radiation with matter are discussed next following with characterization of radiation effects on living cells and tissues. In the next part there is a description of the devices used in the treatment by ionizing radiation and an explanation of the various acts of patient's preparation from the target localization to irradiation. The final chapter describes created program with a graphical environment, which includes the key elements of commercial planning systems for the creation of the irradiation plan. This program uses real CT images and provides the user a basic idea of creating radiotherapeutic plan. The user has several functions for creating and optimizing the plan. The output of the program is a graphical representation of the spatial distribution of dose in the patient's body.
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Simulation of dose distribution irradiation
Večeřa, Petr ; Hlaváč, Martin (referee) ; Kolářová, Jana (advisor)
This project deals with the issue of simulation of dose irradiation. This principle is used in a radiotherapeutic device known as a Leksell Gamma Knife for the treatment of intracranial tumours. With regard to the theoretical observations obtained by studying this device, the project suggests the use of analytical geometry for the creation of a mathematical model for calculation of the intensity in the rayed area. A demonstration program Leksell_xvecer08 has been created for this model in a MatLab software background, which enables the user to change various input arguments and simulate a picture of the dosage spread in the target scanned areas.
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Radiotherapy planning
Požár, Pavel ; Sekora, Jiří (referee) ; Kolářová, Jana (advisor)
This thesis deals with analysis of characteristics of ionising radiation. The equipments used for irradiation of pathologic findings are described. The thesis contains particular stages of planning algorithm with list of individual actions. Practical part contains a description of application made for irradiation simulation which includes brief explanation of working procedure with program. It also contains a description of individual functions of this application.
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Radiotherapy
Šipka, Petr ; Janoušek, Oto (referee) ; Kolářová, Jana (advisor)
The goal of this thesis is to familiarize readers with the basics of the problem of electromagnetic and ionizing radiation, with its effects on a biological tissues and with types of ionizing radiations used in a therapy. It deals with a medical procedures in therapy planning and with procedures during therapy itself. Part of this Bachelor’s thesis is an application Radiation Calculator processed in MatLab software. Application is modeling the resulting radiation field while setting various parameters.
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Design of Accelerator for Oncological Therapy
Zbořil, Jan ; Siebert, Petr (referee) ; John, David (advisor)
The aim of this diploma thesis is the design of linear accelerator for oncology treatment. The design focuses on the improvement of the aesthethical side of the accelator, but also comes up with inventional solutions how to improve the radiation treatment of oncology patients to higher the chances of successful treatment of cancer.
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Radiotherapy planning
Kumpová, Ivana ; Sekora, Jiří (referee) ; Kolářová, Jana (advisor)
The task of this thesis is to familiarize readers with the basics of the problem of ionizing radiation from its types and resources, through mechanisms of action and its effects on the human organism, to the possibility of calculating various characteristics. Close attention is paid to the use of ionizing radiation in medical approaches. There is in detail described process of radiotherapy planning and a basic properties of planning systems. Part of the thesis is also program RT-Plan processed in Matlab. The program simulates the planning system for external ionizing radiation therapy used in treatment. There is supplemented a detailed help and series of tests for the plan. It is suitable for possible use in teaching.
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Prediction of radiotherapy response in rectal cancer by MR
Chmela, Radek ; Nohel, Michal (referee) ; Mézl, Martin (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with the issue of predicting the response of rectal cancer to radiotherapy. The work is divided into four chapters. In the first two, the anatomy of the rectum, types of cancer and individual diagnostic methods are described, together with algorithms for detecting objects in images. In the third chapter, there is a description of the solution for automatic segmentation and prediction of the effectiveness of radiotherapy. In the fourth chapter, the achieved results are discussed.
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Prediction of radiotherapy response in rectal cancer by MR
Chmela, Radek ; Nohel, Michal (referee) ; Mézl, Martin (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with the issue of predicting the response of rectal cancer to radiotherapy. The work is divided into four chapters. In the first two, the anatomy of the rectum, types of cancer and individual diagnostic methods are described, together with algorithms for detecting objects in images. In the third chapter, there is a description of the solution for automatic segmentation and prediction of the effectiveness of radiotherapy. In the fourth chapter, the achieved results are discussed.
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Modern radiotherapeutic treatment of lung tumors
ŽÁKOVÁ, Klára
In its theoretical part, the bachelor's thesis describes the anatomy of the respiratory system, the types of lung cancers, their symptoms, risk factors and possible treatment. It mainly focuses on lung radiotherapy itself and lung irradiation techniques with regard to the current technical possibilities of radiotherapy. The practical part is represented by the analysis of data from a questionnaire survey examining, in particular, the frequency of the presence of risk factors in patients with lung cancer treated at the RTO of the České Budějovice Hospital. The research part was treatment by questionnaire, the group of patients consisted of a total of 60 respondents. The obtained data were subsequently evaluated with MS Excel tools. In addition to the presence of smoking as the main risk factor, attention was also paid to other risk factors, e.g. occupational stress, general lifestyle or long-term residence in areas with increased radon content in the subsoil. The results confirmed that long-term tobacco smoking remains the most represented risk factor. The processing of answers from the questionnaire also ensures the assumption that a non-negligible risk is also a long-term stay in areas with an increased radon index. The bachelor's thesis can serve as a comprehensive study material for future radiology assistants as an overview of modern lung cancer radiation treatment. But it can also be used in professional articles in magazines, or be a source of information for those interested in this topic.
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