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Contaminant transport in karst environment and tracer tests in karst system near Turnov
Malechová, Kateřina ; Slavík, Martin (advisor) ; Weiss, Tomáš (referee)
Karst areas are an important source of drinking water but they are at significant risk of contamination. The theoretical part of the thesis focuses on different types of contaminants, their sources and their ways of transport in karst areas. Due to the high velocity of water flow in karst areas, most contaminants are transported rapidly and spread over long distances. Therefore, it is necessary to actively address the issue of contamination in karst environments, focusing mainly on contamination prevention and water flow studies. In the practical part of the thesis, a quantitative tracer test was carried out in the karst system near Turnov using NaCl as a tracer. The measurements confirmed a high water flow velocity of several kilometers per day and the dominance of advection as the main transport process. These results are consistent with previous research. The connection between the sinking stream Šálení smyslů and the Slapy and Bezednice springs was also reconfirmed, with a total recovery of around 50%. This implies that water from the Šálení smyslů most likely flows to other, yet unknown, locations. No communication with the Bartošova pec cave or with the springs used as a source for the local brewery has been demonstrated, so the question remains where all the water from the sinking stream...
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Effect of effluent from wastewater treatment plants on karst rivers
Schrimpelová, Kateřina ; Gruberová, Eva (referee) ; Malá, Jitka (advisor)
Karst rivers are special type of rivers because of their hydrography conditions. They usually flow from non-karst area and as soon as they reach in to the karst area they disappear underground. There, they flow through cavities until they reach the surface again. The aim of this thesis is to assess the impact of water outflow from wastewater treatment plant on karst rivers. The study was done in the central area of CHKO Moravský kras where the impact of two WWTP on a cave system Rudické propadání – Býčí skála is evaluated. As a part of this study a half-year monitoring was carried out, which consisted of water sampling once every two weeks. In total, 13 water samples were taken from 8 sampling points. Also 4 additional one-time samples were taken from the cave system. Moreover, flow rate, temperature, conductivity, oxygen concentration and pH were measured at the sampling point. Afterwards, the content of undissolved solids, CODCr, BOD, N-NH4+, N-NO2-, N-NO3-, P-PO43- and total phosphorus were determined in the samples. The change of parameters in time and during the flow in the river was observed from the measured values. The balance of pollutants in particular parts of the river was calculated. The outflow values from waste water treatment plants were compared to the emission limits for surface waters and the parameters of rivers were compared to the environmental quality standards. According to the results, it can be observed that the water quality improves after passing through the cavities. It was proven that the outflows from the observed waste water treatment plants are negatively influencing the water streams. The most serious problem is the wash up of sludge from WWTP Rudice and its consequent sedimentation in the river and/or outflow to the Rudické propadání.
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Effects of Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant at Lopac Sinkhole Cave System
Ondruš, Martin ; Gruberová, Eva (referee) ; Malá, Jitka (advisor)
The aim of this thesis is to assess the impact of water outflow from wastewater treatment plant on karst rivers. The study was done in the northern area of Moravský kras protected landscape, where the impact of WWTP Ostrov u Macochy on a cave system Lopačské propadání was studied. As a part of this study a half-year monitoring was carried out, which consisted of water sampling every two weeks. In total, 13 water samples were taken from 7 sampling points. Moreover, flow rate, temperature, conductivity, oxygen concentration and pH were measured at the sampling point. Afterwards, the content of undissolved solids, COD, BOD, N-NH4+, N-NO2-, N-NO3-, NKi and total phosphorus were determined in the samples. The change of parameters in time on the sampling points and further along the flow of the river was evaluated from the measured values. The outflow values from waste water treatment plants were compared with the emission limits for surface waters and the values of river water parameters were compared with the environmental quality standards. It wasn’t proven that the outflow from the observed waste water treatment plant is negatively influencing the water stream. The most serious problems are: -The WWTP was designed for treatment of sewage from Ostrov u Macochy, which involved separate sanitary and storm sewers. After finishing the WWTP, a uniform sewer was built. -High concentration of total phosphorus on the outflow from WWTP. -Poor quality of Lopač brook water already before the outflow vent from WWTP.
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Map of the Dratenická Cave Surroundings in Moravian Karst
Hanuš, Vojtěch ; Švábenský, Otakar (referee) ; Weigel, Josef (advisor)
The aims of my diploma thesis are the design of a map of Drátenická cave surroundings in the Moravian Karst in the 1:500 scale with details utilizable by speleologists and the examination of a map of 1945 depicting the region of Drátenická cave. The thesis includes an elaboration of the theoretical foundations relevant for the fulfillment of the aims and the descriptions of the geodetic and processing procedures. The outcome of the thesis is the planimetric and altimetric survey, a new digital map of the region and the final examination of planimetric and altimetric components of the map of 1945.
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Tvorba databáze krasových jevů na území ŠLP Křtiny z dat leteckého laserového skenování
Balková, Marie
This diploma thesis deals with description of the karst and its typical phnenomenons with emphasis on surface figures sinkholes. Further, it dicribes the airborne laser scanning (ALS) technology, data collection and processing procedure and utilization for the puropose of terrain depressions indentification based on the researches and processes of foreign experts. From these available studies, the most suitable methodics is chosen and applied to Digital Elevation Model of 5th generation (DEM 5G) data. The results of this aplication are compared with available sinkholes databases kept in the PLA Moravian Karst office and own terrain research.
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Caves and their legal protection
Chvátalová, Eva ; Damohorský, Milan (advisor) ; Sobotka, Michal (referee)
This diploma thesis aims at Czech legislation related to conservation of caves both in terms of its link to the protection of caves as subterranean spaces and parts of the natural environment and of its relation to other fields of expertise, including legal studies (e.g., mining law) and other disciplines (e.g., geology, carsology). First, our attention is paid to definition of the term "cave" and to links of the term to natural sciences. Further, we analyse the development of legal conservation of caves and approaches to caves as a subject of legislation per se. The example of Slovenia - being a prominent speleological country with recognized legislation in terms of its quality and detail - is used in order to compare Czech approaches to cave conservation. Concerning the practical issues, we present an example of conservation effort devoted to one single cave in Czechia, which enables to describe functioning of legal conservation tools, including the themes where these tools overlap. We also present and discuss the only one Czech case-law dealing with the legal aspect of caves.
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