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Demographic situation in Russia - political declarations and reality.
Ryšavá, Anna ; Romancov, Michael (advisor) ; Mlejnek, Josef (referee)
This work focuses on the demographic situation in Russia in connection with political declarations and subsequently their comparison with reality. The aim is therefore to describe and analyze the history and current state of the demographic situation in Russia. Next this work focuses on analysis of factors that have had an impact on the demographic situation over the years and that have led to today's situation. In most of the chapters, the policies that were declared or applied to solve the crisis are mentioned. The final chapters then evaluate them and compare the declarations with reality. To determine set goals, an analysis of academic sources, government documents and statistics were used primarily. In final chapters that focus on current situation, outside of mentioned, articles from relevant media were used. Based on these methods, the results were then evaluated. These point to an ever-worsening demographic situation, which we are monitoring mainly through depopulation, which has been going on since the collapse of the Soviet Union. That is mainly caused by low birth rates and high mortality rates, especially in the male category. The problems that Russia is currently facing are also the imbalance of age categories or the long-term low life expectancy for men. As far as political measures...
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The risk factors for the development of refeeding syndrom of critically ill patients
Raszková, Martina ; Fric, Michal (advisor) ; Maňák, Jan (referee)
The thesis is divided into two parts - theoretical and practical. The theoretical part represents the concept, historical roots of research of this syndrome, characteristics, pathogenesis. It introduces also impacts of electrolyte disturbances (hypophosphataemia, hypokalaemia, hypomagnesaemia, hypokalcemia). The necessary component of the thesis is the occurrence indication, categorisation of risk groups of patients, monitoring, treatment (recovery), as well as prevention of the syndrome. Thesis includes also a part which presents open-ended and questionable issues related to RFS. The practical part then processes the data of 110 patients. For more information about the methodology and its processing in particular, see the methodology chapter. Keywords * refeeding syndrome * hypophosfatemia * hypokalemia * hypomagnesemia *
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The role of fish-eating predators and socio-economic trends in recreational fishing
Lyach, Roman
Recreational fishing is a very important leisure activity and one of the most important ways how humans influence freshwater habitats and wild fish populations. Both fish-eating predators and socio-economic trends play a major role in recreational fishing. This thesis found that the Eurasian otter feeds mainly of small (5-10 g) and very abundant fish species of low angling value. In this case, gudgeon Gobio gobio dominated in the otter diet. The overlap between catches of otters and anglers was very low, and commercially important salmonids made up only 10 % of the otter diet by biomass. Cormorants also prey mostly on smaller (10-100 g) a very abundant fish species. In this case, roach Rutilus rutilus dominated in the cormorant diet. The overlap between catches of cormorants and anglers was also quite low. Commercially important fish species made up less than 10 % of the cormorant diet. Even though cormorants consume mostly smaller fish, they are potentially removing fish that serve as prey for piscivores, and they are also removing smaller fish that would grow into angling size. The Atlantic salmon Salmo salar reintroduction programme has not yet been successful. However, cormorant predation is not the main reason for its low success. The main problem is somewhere on the lower River Elbe in...
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The problematics of male bladder catheterisation in specialisation of nursing care
BLAŽKOVÁ, Helena
Current status: catheterisation of the male bladder is one of the competences of the specialist nurse in intensive care. Bladder catheterization is a common and routinely performed procedure in the critical care setting. However, it has its own specificities and issues, which are often underestimated. Since catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) are the most common infection in the context of healthcare delivery, this issue needs to be more widely addressed. Aim of the study: to map the level of theoretical knowledge, practical skills of nurses with acquired competence to perform bladder catheterization in men depending on their length of work, type of facility and type of department they work in. Furthermore, to find out their attitude towards further training in the field and their evaluation of the effectiveness of different methods of practical training. Methodology: The research investigation used a mixed research strategy using semi-structured interviews and a non-standardized questionnaire. The qualitative interviews were evaluated by open coding using the pencil-and-paper method, and the results thus processed were subsequently categorized. The research population consisted of five nurses with different levels of education, with different lengths of time since obtaining their specialty training, working in different health care facilities and on different department. The statistical processing of the data obtained by the non-standardized questionnaire in the quantitative research primarily involved the evaluation of the responses to each question from the questionnaire. In addition to the first-stage frequency analysis, statistical evaluation of individual hypotheses was also performed. The individual statistical analyses were performed at the standard 5% significance level in IBM SPS software. Results: The specific findings are that nurses' theoretical knowledge is relatively good. However, not in all categories. The survey shows that younger nurses working in faculty hospitals and with higher educational attainment tend to have better knowledge. This group of nurses also showed the greatest willingness in further additional education. According to the results of the survey, there are more factors influencing the quality of theoretical knowledge and practical skills.
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Quality of Life of People with Schizophrenia.
LANGEROVÁ, Natálie
The bachelor thesis deals with the topic of schizophrenia and evaluates the quality of life of people with this disorder. The thesis is divided into a theoretical and a practical part. The theoretical part introduces the definition of schizophrenia, the different types of this disorder, the course and occurrence. Furthermore, the connection between schizophrenia and depression is also mentioned. The thesis also deals with various factors that affect the quality of life of these people. Social services are also described. For the practical part, a quantitative research strategy is chosen, supplemented by a semistructured interview. The research was carried out in Fokus with 12 respondents aged 3661 years, who were selected as a research group by the method of deliberate selection. The obtained data was processed by open coding technique. The resulting data were processed and then placed in graphs and tables and also compared with the professional literature in the discussion. Using the SEIQoL questionnaire, I found out the individual life goals of clients related to the importance and satisfaction in achieving them. ¨ The results of this research have shown that the quality of life of these people is negatively affected by insufficient finances and the associated inappropriate housing. There was also a negative experience with stigmatization, addictive substances, and only in one of the respondents. One of the respondents also mentioned poor relations with his mother. As far as the health side is concerned, various health problems have been listed that they deal with in their diagnosis. Physically, they feel tired and often sleep for days, but medication helps them to function normally. The positives can be found in the great support from family and loved ones. Furthermore, in hobbies, which clients mentioned as the most, as well as satisfaction. I found out that even people with this diagnosis can live a relatively happy life.
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Drug consumption rooms in context of contact center for substance abusers
PLITZ, Vojtěch
The aim of bachelor thesis is to ascertain the opinions of the contact center's clients and employees regarding drug consumption rooms. Two research questions were formulated: "What is the opinion of the contact center's clients on the establishment of drug consumption rooms?" and "What is the opinion of the contact center's employees on the establishment of drug consumption rooms?" A qualitative research strategy was chosen, employing interviews and semi-structured interview techniques. Data were evaluated using open coding and comparison methods. Two research samples were selected: the first consisted of clients, and the second of employees of the contact center. Data analysis revealed that both groups have a positive opinion on drug consumption rooms and view their potential implementation in the Czech Republic favorably. Drug consumption rooms were often associated with a sense of safety and a reduction in risks for both clients and society. Regarding the services provided in drug consumption rooms, two independent lines of thought emerged. The first saw an advantage in offering comprehensive and follow-up services to provide the most effective help to clients. The second line of thought aligned with the idea that the drug consumption room should only provide services related to its primary function, as an environment directly associated with drug injection might be unsuitable for addressing other issues. This thesis provides insight into the views and opinions on drug consumption rooms among the clients and employees of the contact center, highlighting their problems, concerns, needs, and preferences. This approach can obtain part of the necessary information to design the service to be functional, effective, and responsive to clients' demands.
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Health and social impacts on cannabinoid users
STANĚK, Lukáš
The aim of this thesis was to discover the effects of cannabinoids on the health and social area of the users. In order to reach the goal, two research questions were posed: What effects do cannabinoids have on the social situation of the users? How do cannabinoids influence the health condition of the users? The methodology chosen for the research was qualitative research with the use of semi-structured interview. Choosing the participants was undertaken using the snowball sampling technique. The acquired data was subsequently processed by the method of Grounded theory with open coding, following categorization and sub-categorization if necessary. Under the influence of cannabinoids, the users struggle to integrate with people who are not cannabis users at the same time. They deal with paranoid feelings, having issues to initiate conversation and achieve the same level of thinking. A drop in productivity occurs as well as slacking attitude towards other people. In the company of other users, cannabinoids show positive effects, also an increase in creativity during leisure activities and calming down. In terms of health effects, it is important to distinguish between physical and mental dimensions. In the physical dimension, negative effects exceed since the only positive effects mentioned were pain relief and regeneration after physical activity. The users deal with impairment of lung condition, cough, worsening of physical condition, even a mention of pneumothorax occurred. In the mental dimension, the effects are considered from two points of view: long-term effects and the state during intoxication. In long-term, there is a risk of anxiety, states of paranoia and deterioration of short-term memory. Effects during the state of intoxication depend on the mental state during which they came into contact with cannabinoids. In the case of anxiety states, they most frequently deal with deepening those states. On contrary, the effects prove positive in moments when the users are in a positive mood and have no other responsibilities in the moment. The research can serve in both primary and secondary prevention of cannabinoid use. It can be also utilized as a source of information for the general public, possibly also for specialists in various addictology centres and other organizations focused on the issue of cannabinoids.
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Artistic performance of people with eating disorders
SHANAÁH, Markéta
The topic of this bachelor's thesis is the exploration of artistic expression and specific features in the artwork of individuals with eating disorders (ED). The theoretical part of the thesis first delineates the context of young adulthood, which encompasses the age category of the respondents participating in the research. It then provides a detailed examination of the characteristics and context of ED, including the classification of various forms, causative factors, and treatment options. Emphasis is placed on the role of art therapy in the treatment process of ED and the existing knowledge about the artistic expression of individuals with ED. A qualitative research approach was chosen for the investigation, involving collaboration with five respondents with ED. The aim of the research was to collect data in the form of artistic artifacts, which were subsequently used to analyze artistic expression and identify specific features of ED. The practical part presents the framework of the research procedure and the methods used. The key part of the thesis is the presentation of the artistic productions of five respondents in the form of case studies, where the characteristic features of their artistic expression in the context of ED are described in detail. The discussion section subsequently summarizes general findings on the typical features and artistic expressions of individuals with ED. The results of the thesis suggest that the artistic expression of individuals with ED exhibits specific features related to their psychological state and ED symptoms. Thus, artistic expression can serve as a valuable tool for understanding the psyche of individuals with ED. The thesis summarizes the research findings and highlights the importance of further investigation into the artistic expression of individuals with ED and its practical applications.
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Prevention of colorectal carcinoma and adult public awareness
MĚSÍČKOVÁ, Michaela
Current state. Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancer diagnoses and its incidence has been steadily increasing. According to the most recent data from 2018, the Czech the male population in Europe ranks 14th and women rank 19th highest. Annually, there are about 7700 patients newly diagnosed and around 3400 patients are dying from colorectal cancer in the Czech Republic. Unfortunately, there is still a large percentage of this tumours diagnosed in an advanced stage. Aims. The main objectives were to map the awareness of the adult population over 50 years of age in the Liberec Region regarding colorectal cancer prevention, to identify the factors influencing the success rate of colorectal cancer screening and to determine the role of nurses in the field of colorectal cancer prevention in a general practitioner's office. Methods. The research part was elaborated by a combined quantitative-qualitative method. A non-standardized questionnaire comprising 29 questions was used to collect data. The exploratory cohort of participants included both men and women from the Liberec Region in the age category over 50 years who have not undergone a colonoscopy. A total of 160 respondents participated in the survey. The qualitative research was carried out using pre-arranged semi-structured interviews with 10 nurses working in a general practitioner's office. This part was based on 7 questions that were used to assess the role of nurses in the field of colorectal cancer prevention in the general practitioner's office. Results and conclusion. From the overall results we can conclude that the awareness of the surveyed adult population in the Liberec Region in the prevention of colorectal cancer is quite at a decent level. It has been shown that the level of awareness of the surveyed adult population in the field of colorectal cancer is statistically significantly dependent on the level of education, but it is not statistically dependent on gender, age or the occurrence of cancer or inflammatory bowel disease in the family. The main sources of information identified were family, friends and the Internet. Factors influencing the success of colorectal cancer screening included level of education, awareness of colorectal cancer risks, awareness of screening and negative attitudes such as embarrassment, lack of interest, fear of cancer or cancer screening, and lack of time or feeling healthy. Another finding was that most nurses are active in the prevention of colorectal cancer. They invite patients for preventive check-ups and inform them about what examinations are recommended at a given age. Once patients reach the appropriate age, nurses will provide them with a faecal occult blood test with a high return rate. In addition, it has been shown that many nurses use a combination of oral instruction and the provision of information leaflets to instruct them on the use of the faecal occult blood test. Unfortunately, patients are hardly offered a choice between a faecal occult blood test and a colonoscopy, and there are no information leaflets on colorectal cancer prevention available in the General Practitioners waiting room. All nurses observe a positive attitude towards the prevention of colorectal cancer in patients.
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