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Escherichia coli-induced central nervous system infection and its impact to neurotransmitters' signaling in the host brain.
Lokočová, Gabriela ; Luptáková, Dominika (advisor) ; Krempaská, Katarína (referee)
Dissemination of microbial pathogens to the central nervous system (CNS) is one of the most severe and life-threatening complications of neurological disorders, especially in neonates. Microbial pathogen-induced CNS meningitis and encephalitis develop through several steps of host-pathogen interactions, including a high level of bacteremia (bacterial blood count >103 mL-1 ), mucosal colonization by the pathogen, microbial invasion of the intravascular space, and inoculation into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), leading to penetration of CNS barriers and inflammation of meninges and brain parenchyma. Neuroinfectious diseases are associated with acute changes in mental and motor function that are followed by chronic neurological dysfunction that can persist long after the recovery from the infection event. Increased expression of cytokines and chemokines by brain cells and CNS compartment-dependent infiltration of leukocytes and neutrophils modulate brain metabolism and function via an effect on neuronal signaling by neurotransmitters. This work aims to summarize the current knowledge about the CNS infections induced by Escherichia coli and brain region-specific neuromodulatory changes with focus on the glutamatergic, dopaminergic, and serotonergic pathway that may be further involved in host's...
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Effect of the covered electrodes on the mechanical properties of the weld
Lukeštík, Filip ; Izák, Josef (referee) ; Kubíček, Jaroslav (advisor)
The thesis deals with the issue of shielded metal arc welding with covered electrodes, specifically focusing on the composition of the coatings and their properties. The literature study further addresses welding processes, technology, and weld testing. In the practical part, three electrodes with similar chemical compositions of pure weld metal were selected: the Böhler FOX EV 47 electrode with a basic coating, the Lincoln Electric Ferrod 165A electrode with a rutile coating, and the ESAB E-K 103 electrode with an acidic coating. Subsequently, experiments were proposed, including a tensile test and macrostructure observation. The electrodes were used to weld sets of designed test samples for the tensile test. The mechanical properties resulting from the tensile test were processed and evaluated. Furthermore, the macrostructure observation was conducted and assessed.
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Building Legal Awareness Among Children Living in Children's Homes With the Support of a Social Worker
PROCHÁZKOVÁ, Natálie
The bachelor thesis deals with building legal awareness among children living in children's homes with the support of a social worker. The aim of the bachelor thesis is to determine the situation of legal awareness among children living in children's homes and to find out what role the social worker plays in building legal awareness among children in a selected children's home. The practical part is based on a combined type of research, the interviewing technique. First, legal awareness among children living in orphanages was investigated using prof. Gary Melton's international questionnaire. The method used was the guided interview, which was conducted individually with each child. The data collected was analyzed using the statistical program SPSS. The second research tool was a semi-structured interview which was conducted with social workers in children's homes. Coding in the subtext of the interview conducted was chosen to evaluate the data. The evaluation of the collected data was done by pencil-paper method and subsequent clustering. The research population consisted of a total of 63 people. From the research investigation, it was found that age does not affect children's attitudes towards granting rights in model situations. In terms of gender, only one situation showed that girls were more inclined to grant rights than boys. In the case of social workers and legal awareness building among children from children's homes, it was found that children's rights are primarily the concern of educators, but social workers also contribute to legal awareness building, especially before the child leaves the home. The findings of this bachelor thesis can serve all those who encounter children living in children's homes in their practice and the public who are interested in this topic.
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The use of suspension systems for physiotherapy in patients after TEP of the knee joint
KOURKOVÁ, Natálie
This bachelor thesis focuses on the utilization of suspension systems post total knee replacement. The aim of the thesis was to explore the possibilities of physiotherapy using suspension systems in patients after total knee replacement, propose an exercise unit within the Redcord system, and evaluate how exercising in this system influenced individuals' conditions. The thesis is divided into theoretical and practical parts. In the theoretical part, I summarize knowledge about the anatomy and kinesiology of the knee joint. Additionally, I describe osteoarthritis and its surgical solution - total knee replacement. Finally, in the theoretical part, I mention the possibilities of rehabilitation after total knee replacement and information about the Redcord suspension system. The practical part was conducted in the form of qualitative research using case studies. Two patients aged 55 and 70 after total knee replacement participated in the research. Each case study consists of a kinesiological analysis, including anamnesis, examination of scar, standing and walking, anthropometry, goniometry, muscle testing, and examination of the initial position in the Redcord system. It also included descriptions of six therapies and proposals for shor - term and long - term rehabilitation plans. An initial and final kinesiological analysis was conducted for each case study, which was subsequently compared. The results show that patients experienced increased muscle strength, improved range of motion, increased overal fitness, and strengthened deep stabilization system. Therefore, exercising in the Redcord system has a positive impact on the condition of patients after total knee replacement. This bachelor thesis can serve as a useful source of information for therapists or clients interested in utilizing Redcord for exercise.
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Ethical questions in the work of radiation protection specialists
HÝBLOVÁ, Marie
This thesis deals with the ethical decision-making of radiation protection professionals in accordance with the Decree 422/2016 Coll. on Radiation Protection and the Atomic Act 263/2016 Coll. The aim of the thesis is to identify and specify the ethical problems encountered by radiation protection professionals (e.g. radiation protection officers, inspectors of the SNPP, etc.), to analyse ethical issues and dilemmas in this field and to find answers. The theoretical framework focuses on the concept of ethics, its development, history and a detailed description of the different ethical orientations. It then goes on to cover the basic ethical values in the radiation protection system, procedural ethical values, principles of radiation protection, protection from external exposure, monitoring, incidents, accidents and their assessment, preparedness and response. The radiation protection chapter also includes a description of the infrastructure of the radiation protection system. The theoretical part of the thesis also includes a description of organisations dealing with radiation protection in the Czech Republic and organisations dealing with radiation protection in the world context. The empirical research was conducted through a questionnaire survey and structured interviews that were completed by radiation protection personnel. The research results were evaluated using qualitative methods. The research questions were designed by asking respondents about their attitudes towards ethical issues in radiation protection and their experiences and views on aspects of working in this field. The research results were then interpreted to analyse the ethical issues and dilemmas faced by radiation protection professionals in their work. The thesis focuses on identifying key aspects of ethical decision-making in radiation protection and explores ways to improve current practices and policies. Subsequent results provide important insights into professionals' attitudes towards ethical issues. The conclusion of the research highlights that radiation protection requires an integrated approach that respects the diverse approaches of professionals in this field. Transparent communication and public participation are key to successful radiation protection strategies.
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Awareness, knowledge and skills needed to provide culturally competent care
NOVOTNÁ, Štěpánka
Introduction: Population migration is still a topical issue today. Nurses working in general practitioners surgeries should receive lifelong training in cultural competence. Every nurse should have cultural knowledge, attitudes and skills to be able to treat different minorities. The aim of this thesis is to determine the level of cultural competence of non-medical health care workers working in general practitioners surgeries. Methodology: The research investigation was conducted using a quantitative method in general practitioner's offices as part of a GAJU research grant project number 046/2021/S. The research was being conducted from May to November 2022. Nurses from three regions were contacted. The results were collected using an anonymous questionnaire, which consisted of a non-standardized and a standardized part. It contained a total of 79 questions. The questionnaire looked into the nurses cultural knowledge, sensitivity, skills and whether they were aware of all these. Results: The research group consisted of 120 respondents. From the research results, it is clear that nurses in general practitioners surgeries provide culturally competent care. Some flaws concerning nurses work were revealed, which are communication barrier and the interpretation relationship with the set institution. Nurses have cultural knowledge, cultural skills and are culturally sensitive. They realize that cultural competence is an ongoing process and they should be educated continually in this area. It was noted that they do not have negative attitudes towards patients from other cultures. Conclusion: This thesis provides a comprehensive view of multicultural nursing in general practitioners surgeries. Based on the results of the thesis, a journal article will be written that will be beneficial to non-medical health care personnel and also the general public.
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Reliability of Technical Systems
Ertl, Jakub ; Šácha, Jakub (referee) ; Karpíšek, Zdeněk (advisor)
The diploma project is focused on investigating the reliability of multi-state technical systems. A summary of the basic conception of renewal theory and stochastic processes is given in this paper. The possibility of solving multi-state systems reliability by using Markov models or simulation is shown. The software Reliab. S. M. S. O. 1.0 was created for solving non-homogeneous series, parallel, series-parallel and parallel-series systems. Outputs of this software are described in chapter 10. This work also contains $\beta$-factor method and theory of common-cause failures. The diploma project was supported by project from MSMT of the Czech Republic no. 1M06047 "Centre for Quality and Reliability of Production" and by grant from Grant Agency of the Czech Republic (Czech Science Foundation) reg. no. 103/08/1658 "Advanced optimum design of composed concrete structures".
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Production of carotenoi by yeasts of the genus Cystofilobasidium
Vavrysová, Alena ; Kočí, Radka (referee) ; Márová, Ivana (advisor)
Carotenoids are important industrial pigments present practically in all living organisms. The aim of presented work is the study of regulation of carotenoid production in yeasts of the genus Cystofilobasidium in presence of exogenous stress factors. Growth curve of C. capitatum exhibited typical two-stage course with prolonged stationary phase similar to other carotenogenic yeasts. Maximal production of biomass and beta-carotene occurred in 103rd hour. Applied stress factors (2-5% NACl, 2-5 mM H2O2, 0,01-1 mM Se(IV), 0,1-5 mM Cr(III)) exhibited no significant influence on biomass production, which reached on average 8-9 g/l. Positive effect was observed in presence of 5mM Cr where 10 g/L of biomass was produced. Beta-carotene formation was positively influenced by many applied stress factors, the highest yield (695 g/g) was reached in presence of 0,1 mM Se(IV). No simultaneous regulation of ergosterol and carotenes was observed in Cystofilobasidium cells. Production properties of yeast strain C. capitatum CCY 10-1-1 wee compared with those of other carotenogenic yeasts of the genes Rhodotorula and Sporobolomyces. C. capitatum produced similar biomass yield as Rhodotorula sp. in presence of salt. Production of beta-carotene by C. capitatum was slightly higher than in Rhodotorula glutinis, but lower than in Sporobolomyces strains which exhibited substantially lower biomass production. Karyotype of C. capitatum is relatively different when compared with karyotype of other carotenogenic yeasts. Based on summary of our results in seems that yeasts C. capitatum exhibit similar physiological as well as production properties as some Rhodotorula strains. Thus, yeasts of the genus Cystofilobasidium could be potentially used to industrial production of carotenoid pigments as well as yeast biomass rich in carotenoids and some biogenic elements.
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Description and testing of communication protocols IEC 60870-5-103 and 60870-5-104
Pekárek, Dominik ; Mičulka,, Petr (referee) ; Sumec, Stanislav (advisor)
This thesis is focused on testing of communication protocols IEC 60870-5-103 and IEC 60870-5-104. Theoretical part of the thesis describes basic principles, services and possibilities of both communication protocols. Practical part of the thesis deals with configuration of the IEC 60870-5-103 communication standard of protective terminal REF630. PCVDEW6 tool was used to test this communication protocol. Next part of the thesis is focused on convertion of the communication standard IEC 61850 to IEC 61870-5-104 using control system COM600. The testing of both communication protocols was carried out in the laboratory of the protection relays on the testing panels at ABB Brno.
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