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Securitization of Citizenship in Nepal
Kushwaha, Mahesh Kumar ; Kaunert, Christian (vedoucí práce) ; Woelk, Jens (oponent)
This research investigates and analyses the extent to which citizenship in Nepal has been securitized and through what means. It does so by applying an expanded version of the Copenhagen School's securitization framework, which considers speech acts, non-discursive securitizing practices, and securitization through association. The study uses a method of triangulation that combines a critical discourse analysis of 12 speeches, a comparative legal review of Nepal's four Citizenship Acts (1952, 1964, 2006, and 2023) and other documents, and semi-structured interviews with 11 experts from different fields. While Nepal's citizenship laws have gradually liberalized over the years, the exploration notes ample instances of securitizing speech acts and judicial and bureaucratic practices. The securitizing actors see the expansion of Nepali citizenship as a threat to the country's sovereignty, independence, and integrity due to their perceived fear of Indian infiltration through the open border. The research argues that the liberalization has occurred primarily due to internal socio-political pressures, whereas a hill- centric nationalism continues to shape and influence the securitizing moves.
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