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Sustaining Violence - A Colonial Déjà Vu?
Turnbull, Rabia ; Parks, Louisa Rosemary (vedoucí práce) ; Florea, Adrian (oponent)
I. Abstract In the midst of a world grappling with interconnected global challenges, climate change has surged to the forefront as a growing concern demanding urgent resolution. This research delves into the intricate interplay of historical legacies, power dynamics, and the pursuit of sustainability within the context of cobalt mining-a pivotal facet of the global green energy transition. The research navigates the nexus between climate justice, an unrelenting growth paradigm, and extractivism, with a particular focus on the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) using an exploratory case study approach to determine whether green extractivism can serve as a threat multiplier. The findings unveiled an intricate tapestry wherein historical imprints and power dynamics converge, shaping the violent trajectory of cobalt extraction which has remerged in the post-Paris era. The case of the DRC underscores the discord between sustainability aspirations and the unfettered pursuit of economic growth. The ecological toll of cobalt mining, particularly its resonance within the Congo Basin rainforest, reveals alarming environmental consequences while economic realities expose a paradox wherein growth comes at grave human and environmental expense. The country's contemporary dependence on cobalt fuels an overreliance...
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Cults in Nigeria: Unravelling the Distinct Security Challenges and Contrasts with the West
Thierry d'Argenlieu, Eléonore Philippine Marie-Elisabeth ; Butler, Eamonn (vedoucí práce) ; Parks, Louisa Rosemary (oponent)
CULTS IN NIGERIA: UNRAVELLING THE DISTINCT SECURITY CHALLENGES AND CONTRASTS WITH THE WEST - July 2023 [UoG] 2685776T | [DCU] 21109699 | [CU] 19955423 Presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of International Master in Security, Intelligence and Strategic Studies Word Count: 23,881 Supervisor: Dr Eamonn Butler McIntosh Date of Submission: 26 July 2023 Abstract The macabre discovery of the Shakahola Forest massacre brought back the issue of religious extremism, sectarian drift and the complexity of regulating such groups. Cults still pertain to a grey zone in both the academic and legal realms; they are at the crossroads of freedoms and restrictions, exist in various structures and ideologies, and have diverse implications for stability and security. Cultism touches all levels of society and there is not one typical profile of a recruit. However, sectarian groups have the common characteristic of deeply affecting individuals. To this end, the analysis focuses on Nigeria where cults have been active within society for decades, and continue to grow their influence. Cultism in Nigeria reaches most spheres of the country, from politics to the economy including education. The implications for development and security in each of these aspects are multiple and interlinked, even mutually...
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Raised Stakes: The Securitisation of the Issue of Sea Level Rise by Major Militaries in the Western Pacific
Skold, Elias Gustav Eskil ; Parks, Louisa Rosemary (vedoucí práce) ; Leonard, Sarah (oponent)
This dissertation investigates the securitisation of climate change, specifically sea level rise, within the military and political landscapes of China and Australia over the past fifteen years. It employs securitisation theory as conceptualised by the Copenhagen School to assess how climate change and sea level rise are framed as security issues. In both countries, political leaders have used securitising language to consolidate their political positions rather than elevating climate change above regular politics. The Australian military's response has focused on Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Response (HADR), influenced by the divisive nature of climate change in public discourse. In contrast, China's approach has gradually aligned climate change with national security, primarily for international image enhancement, wherein the military has played a limited role. Neither country has fully securitised climate change, highlighting the complexity of framing it as an existential threat requiring exceptional measures.
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Discourses and their implications on the field: A study of Rafael Correa's and Lenín Moreno's speeches on narcotrafficking in Ecuador during their presidential mandates (2007-2020)
Broquet, Johanna Marie Samantha ; Florea, Adrian (vedoucí práce) ; Parks, Louisa Rosemary (oponent)
This paper seeks to give an overview of the framing adopted around narcotrafficking by Rafael Correa and Lenin Moreno during their presidential mandates in Ecuador. The first aim is to explore the role of Ecuador in the global narcotrafficking, understanding how the issue became prevalent with time and describing the recent dynamics that it brings in the daily life of the country. Next, the relations between discourses, the framing of an issue, power and the implications on the field are presented to show how they are linked. Then, with the Critical Analysis Discourse methodology developed by Van Djik, the space that narcotrafficking holds in the discourses of Rafael Correa and Lenin Moreno is examined, analysing the framings that they adopted to speak about the issue. Finally, commonalities and differences in framings are discussed, and the strategies employed by the two governments against narcotrafficking are critically assessed.
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Sources of innovation in the Brazilian Amazon rainforest
Stejskal, Clara ; Hynek, Nikola (vedoucí práce) ; Parks, Louisa Rosemary (oponent)
The Amazon Rainforest, known as 'the lungs of the Earth,' has been under threat for decades. There has been a domino effect of global insecurities caused by the extraction of resources through human interventions, including industrial activity and large-scale agriculture. With new data and research showing the rising levels of environmental degradation, the international community has joined together under a unified goal to combat environmental insecurity. From locals and governments to the private and public sectors, stakeholders across industries have pledged to devote their time and resources to creating more climate-friendly regulations, innovation, and action plans. A congruent part of creating a more sustainable world comes from scientific research and technological advancements. While innovation is generally seen to be tied to economic patterns, it can also be used for the objective of human growth. Under the latter objective, innovation has the potential to play an intrinsic role in resolving environmental insecurity. However, the effects of innovation in the shape of emerging technologies will vary depending on how an actor understands the meaning of innovation. As sources of innovation continue to evolve, there is a need to investigate the long- and short- term impacts of innovation on...
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Gender aspects in state-led water security discourses: A case study of the Syr Darya river basin countries
Mukhamejan, Nadira ; Parks, Louisa Rosemary (vedoucí práce) ; Anceschi, Luca (oponent)
This postgraduate research project proposes to explore water security discourses in Central Asia, which is one of the global "climate hotspots" (Giorgi, 2006, p. 33). Recent increases in temperatures exceeding global historical averages are causing more frequent droughts and earlier snowmelt, which has a major influence on future water availability in an already water-stressed region (Bernauer and Siegfried, 2012; Sorg et al., 2013). These impacts affect individuals and segments of society differently and aggravate already existing gendered vulnerabilities and diverse capacities to face its consequences (Sultana, 2018, p. 19). There is a growing consensus that water relations in societies are affected by social relationships related to gender (Fröhlich et al., 2018). Several case studies have indeed highlighted that water (in)securities are rooted in gendered water-related labour division and associated social norms, and could be worsened by climate change (Rao et al., 2019, Adams et al., 2018, Bacon et al., 2022). However, the geography of this literature body is uneven: existing studies are focused on Southeast Asia, Africa, and Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. While there is a growing research interest to gendered realities and insecurities in water sector, the academic literature in...
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