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Hidden Swallows- The role of female agents in Iranian intelligence practices
Farsi, Arghawan ; Michálek, Luděk (vedoucí práce) ; Mehdi Beyad, Mohammed (oponent)
This study analyzes how Iranian intelligence agencies use female agents referred to as swallows to conduct honey-traps against specific targets. Furthermore, the study critically reflects on the role of female agents within the context of the Iranian security system with reference to Manjikian's (2020) theory of queer intelligence. Since the Iranian state is based on strict gender-segregation laws, the interplay between the use of swallows within this system, will be reviewed. For this a total of twenty-four English and Farsi online news articles have been reviewed, coded, and analyzed. In addition, the gendered dimension that comes with the language used within the online news articles will be critically assessed. The analysis concludes that Iranian women are indeed being used as swallows for honey-trapping opposing voices yet much of the recruitment tactics, motivations and background information is left in secrecy. It is evident that the use of swallows by Iranian intelligence agencies includes an inherently gendered-dimension due to the official theocratic nature of the Iranian state, yet this is contrasted by its willingness to secretly use female agents for methods of seduction. Keywords: Gender Studies, Intelligence Studies, Iran, Iranian Intelligence Agencies, Qualitative Content Analysis.
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The Coercive Use of Migration on the Southern Border of the European Union: A Case Study of the Melilla Crisis 2022
Hadjeres Montero, Miriam ; Leonard, Sarah (vedoucí práce) ; Mehdi Beyad, Mohammed (oponent)
This research paper investigates the concept of coercive engineered migration in the march 2022 Melilla crisis, focusing on the intricate interdependencies that exist between Spain and Morocco. Spain endeavours to uphold amicable relations, whereas Morocco strategically employs irregular migration as a political and geostrategic instrument to attain advantages. This study is grounded in a comprehensive examination of relevant scholarly literature pertaining to the instrumentalization of migration and the cooperation between Spain and Morocco in the context of migration. Additionally, it draws upon Kelly Greenhill's theory of 'Coercive Engineered Migration'. By conducting a historical examination of the bilateral relations, it becomes evident that the relationship between the two nations is characterised by recurring crises and the utilisation of migration as a strategic tool. This study employs a comprehensive case study approach and a rigorous methodology for theory development and hypothesis testing. The findings provide evidence suggesting that the Melilla crisis was a deliberate and coercive event orchestrated by Morocco. The primary objective of this orchestrated crisis was to exert pressure on Spain and influence its stance of neutrality regarding the Western Sahara issue. The corroboration...
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