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Internal Flow of Spill-Return Pressure-Swirl Atomizers
Malý, Milan ; Honus,, Stanislav (oponent) ; Lozano, Antonio (oponent) ; Jedelský, Jan (vedoucí práce)
Pressure-swirl (PS) atomizers are used in many applications where a large surface area of droplets is needed, or a surface must be coated with a liquid, e.g. combustion, spray cooling or spray coating. Spray characteristics of PS atomizers are strongly linked to their internal flow. Spill-return (SR) atomizers enhance the construction of classic PS atomizers (Simplex) by addition of a passage through which the liquid can be spilled away. It allows regulation of an injection flow rate by spilling out a portion of the liquid from the swirl chamber, while the liquid pressure remains high. This ensures a good atomization quality over a wide flow rate range. The SR atomizers were rarely investigated and their internal flow has not been studied at all. In this thesis, both experimental and numerical approach is used to describe the internal flow pattern of several different SR atomizers. The results are then correlated with measured spray parameters. It shows that the addition of the spill passage strongly affects the internal flow even when the spill-line is closed. In some cases, the air-core does not form at all and destabilizes the discharged liquid, which results in the unstable spray. Off-axial SL orifices generate and stabilize the air-core, which leads to the regular formation of a liquid sheet and a high-quality spray. Nevertheless, some configurations changed the breakup nature of the liquid sheet and consequently the spray quality. Moreover, the turn-down ratio of the liquid supply rate and spray stability depend on the distance of the SL orifices from the swirl chamber centreline. Finally, an inviscid analysis of the internal flow, originally derived for the Simplex atomizers, was modified and applied to the SR atomizers. Using this approach, a theoretical prediction of the discharge coefficient and the air-core diameter was derived with spill-to-feed ratio (SFR) as the variable. Also, the empirical correlations, originally established for the Simplex type, were transformed to the SR atomizer. This thesis brings a new insight into the understanding of the internal flow of SR atomizers and its results can be directly used by engineers in the design process of the atomizer.
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Internal Flow of Spill-Return Pressure-Swirl Atomizers
Malý, Milan ; Honus,, Stanislav (oponent) ; Lozano, Antonio (oponent) ; Jedelský, Jan (vedoucí práce)
Pressure-swirl (PS) atomizers are used in many applications where a large surface area of droplets is needed, or a surface must be coated with a liquid, e.g. combustion, spray cooling or spray coating. Spray characteristics of PS atomizers are strongly linked to their internal flow. Spill-return (SR) atomizers enhance the construction of classic PS atomizers (Simplex) by addition of a passage through which the liquid can be spilled away. It allows regulation of an injection flow rate by spilling out a portion of the liquid from the swirl chamber, while the liquid pressure remains high. This ensures a good atomization quality over a wide flow rate range. The SR atomizers were rarely investigated and their internal flow has not been studied at all. In this thesis, both experimental and numerical approach is used to describe the internal flow pattern of several different SR atomizers. The results are then correlated with measured spray parameters. It shows that the addition of the spill passage strongly affects the internal flow even when the spill-line is closed. In some cases, the air-core does not form at all and destabilizes the discharged liquid, which results in the unstable spray. Off-axial SL orifices generate and stabilize the air-core, which leads to the regular formation of a liquid sheet and a high-quality spray. Nevertheless, some configurations changed the breakup nature of the liquid sheet and consequently the spray quality. Moreover, the turn-down ratio of the liquid supply rate and spray stability depend on the distance of the SL orifices from the swirl chamber centreline. Finally, an inviscid analysis of the internal flow, originally derived for the Simplex atomizers, was modified and applied to the SR atomizers. Using this approach, a theoretical prediction of the discharge coefficient and the air-core diameter was derived with spill-to-feed ratio (SFR) as the variable. Also, the empirical correlations, originally established for the Simplex type, were transformed to the SR atomizer. This thesis brings a new insight into the understanding of the internal flow of SR atomizers and its results can be directly used by engineers in the design process of the atomizer.
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