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Asymptotic Properties of Solutions of the Second-Order Discrete Emden-Fowler Equation
Korobko, Evgeniya ; Galewski, Marek (oponent) ; Růžičková, Miroslava (oponent) ; Diblík, Josef (vedoucí práce)
In the literature a differential second--order nonlinear Emden--Fowler equation $$ y'' \pm x^\alpha y^m = 0, $$ where $\alpha$ and $m$ are constants, is often investigated. This thesis deals with a discrete equivalent of the second--order Emden-Fowler differential equation $$ \Delta^2 u(k) \pm k^\alpha u^m(k) = 0, $$ where $k\in \mathbb{N}(k_0):= \{k_0, k_0+1, ....\}$ is an independent variable, $k_0$ is an integer and $u \colon \mathbb{N}(k_0) \to \mathbb{R}$ is an unknown solution. In this equation, $\Delta^2u(k)=\Delta(\Delta u(k))$, $\Delta u(k)$ is the the first-order forward difference of $u(k)$, i.e., $\Delta u(k) = u(k+1)-u(k)$, and $\Delta^2 (k)$ is its second--order forward difference, i.e., $\Delta^2u(k) = u(k+2)-2u(k+1)+u(k)$, $\alpha$, $m$ are real numbers. The asymptotic behaviour of the solutions to this equation is discussed and the conditions are found such that there exists a power-type asymptotic: $u(k) \sim {1}/{k^s}$, where $s$ is some constant. We also discuss a discrete analogy of so-called ``blow-up'' solutions in the classical theory of differential equations, i.e., the solutions for which there exists a point $x^*$ such that $\lim_{x \to x^*} y(x) = \infty$, where $y(x)$ is a solution of the Emden-Fowler differential equation $$ y''(x) = y^s(x), $$ with $s \ne 1$ being a real number. The results obtained are compared to those already known and illustrated with examples.
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