|
|
The same pieces to a different puzzle? Comparing radicalisation towards right-wing and Islamist extremism
Nouri, Minalè ; Judge, Andrew (vedoucí práce) ; Kaunert, Christian (oponent)
In recent years, there has been an increase in the presence of far right sentiments and exposure in the Netherlands, numbers show that especially youth seem to be vulnerable to such radicalisation. Youth in general are more vulnerable to extreme ideologies due to vulnerabilities in developmental years from childhood to adolescence. Nevertheless, only a small portion of youth undergo a radicalisation process. The reasons as to why some youths are more perceptible to radicalisation towards the far right are not well understood. This research aims to answer the following research question: Are the factors that impact radicalisation processes of youth towards the far right similar to those in Islamist extremist radicalisation? Since 9/11, a large body of literature has been established that focuses on radicalisation processes within Islamist extremism. Hafez and Mullins (2015) synthesised the existing literature and developed the Radicalization Puzzle model. This model consists of four factors that interact and together form the basis for radicalisation: grievances, networks, ideology and enabling environments. Although the literature provides many valuable insights, not much research exists on radicalisation pathways within the far right, and even less focuses on youth. Furthermore, radicalisation...
|
|
|
The transformative capacity of artificial intelligence: A critical approach to alignment in Security Studies
Morales Mendoza, Ivan Emmanuel ; Střítecký, Vít (vedoucí práce) ; Judge, Andrew (oponent)
The Transformative Capacity of Artificial Intelligence: A Critical Approach to Alignment in Security Studies. By Ivan Emmanuel Morales Mendoza Charles University Student Number: 81738503 Abstract As the capabilities of Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems increase around the world, academics and policymakers have paid renewed attention to ensure their behaviour remains aligned to their operator's expectations, especially in sensitive areas involving public, national, and international security. The use of AI systems in security contexts, especially those considered as "high-risk," is a security issue because humans are trusting a technology, based on their expectations, to produce outcomes to make individuals and communities safer. This leads to an increase in the use of algorithms to perform policing duties, target identification, intelligence generation, among others. However, current theoretical and methodological proposals are limited when considering the transformative impact AI can have in security studies. Therefore, this article will analyse three of the current proposals for AI alignment -symbolic, Machine Learning and hybrid- to illustrate how security studies could strengthen its conceptual and methodological robustness when analysing security risks associated with the use of AI systems. To do...
|
host ::
RSS.