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Study of magnonic crystals in a frequency domain
Turčan, Igor ; Hrabec, Aleš (oponent) ; Urbánek, Michal (vedoucí práce)
Characterization of magnetodynamic properties of nanomagnets and nanostructured magnetic materials requires methods appropriate for probing the typical timescales of these systems, i.e. in the sub-nanosecond range. The lack of appropriate time-domain characterization techniques is linked to the limits of current electronics. Other possible approach is to use the frequency domain characterization in GHz range. The most common frequency domain characterization technique is the ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) measurement. From FMR spectra it is possible to extract valuable information about the magnetic system: the damping parameter, saturation magnetization etc. The method we utilize for detection of spin-wave excitations aims for the simplification of the characterization experiment. We employ the thermoelectric detection of spin waves in magnetic strips via anomalous Nernst effect. The method is based on the heat generation inside a magnetic film due to the relaxation of spin waves to the lattice. The dissipation of spin-wave energy heats the magnetic strip and creates a temperature gradient towards the substrate (perpendicular to the surface). This leads to generation of an electric field perpendicular to both the temperature gradient and the magnetization direction. The voltage is usually in the V range, hence it can be measured with common laboratory equipment. Despite its simplicity, this method yields very interesting results and can be used for characterization of magnonic waveguides, magnonic metamaterials, spin-wave emitters and other spin-wave devices.
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Studium vortexových stavů v magnetostaticky svázaných magnetických nanodiscích
Vaňatka, Marek ; Hrabec, Aleš (oponent) ; Urbánek, Michal (vedoucí práce)
Magnetické vortexy ve feromagnetických discích jsou charakterizovány pomocí smyslu stáčení magnetizace v rovině disku a pomocí směru vortexového jádra kolmého k rovině disku. Bylo představeno několik konceptů paměťových médií využívajících magnetické vortexy, a ty jsou proto v současné době intenzivně studovány. Tato práce se zabývá magnetostatickým propojením dvojic magnetických disků, konkrétně objasněním jejich vzájemného ovlivňování v průběhu nukleačního procesu. Nejprve bylo třeba studovat náhodnost jednotlivých disků, abychom zajistili, že nově znukleovaný stav je ovlivněn pouze blízkými magnetickými strukturami. Prověřili jsme naše litografické možnosti za účelem dosažení nejlepší možné geometrie. Dále představujeme koncept elektrického čtení směru spinové cirkulace s využitím jevu anizotropní magnetorezistence. Tato metoda umožňuje automatické měření, čímž bylo umožněno získání dostatečně velkého statistického souboru. Byly také provedeny výpočty křivek magnetorezistence, abychom byli předem schopni analyzovat chování naměřených dat. Nakonec jsme provedli komplementární měření pomocí mikroskopie magnetických sil.
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Difrakce na prostorových a/nebo hlubokých objektech
Hrabec, Aleš ; Petráček, Jiří (oponent) ; Kotačka, Libor (vedoucí práce)
Práce je věnována teoretickému studiu průchodu záření difrakčním stínítkem, jehož rozměr ve směru šíření záření je nenulový, tedy průchod záření trojrozměrným otvorem. Bez újmy na obecnosti řešíme problém pouze pro případ válcové dutiny v kovu. Problém evidentně přesahuje standardní skalární teorii difrakce a k jeho řešení přistupujeme pomocí vlnovodné teorie. Na základě principů elektromagnetické teorie nejdříve odvodíme potřebné vztahy pro určení modů na vstupu dutiny. Dále numericky řešíme vlastní šíření záření dutinou, resp. hledáme rozložení záření na konci dutiny. Z toho pomocí diskrétní Fourierovy transformace určíme hledanou intenzitu Fraunhoferovy difrakce, kterou následně porovnáváme s rozložením intenzity záření Fraunhoferovy difrakce na nekonečně tenkém kruhovém otvoru o poloměru zmiňované dutiny. Tímto porovnáním ukážeme, že délka dutiny má zásadní vliv na difrakční obrazec, čímž zároveň ukážeme, že skalární difrakční teorie přestává platit pro popis průchodu koherentního záření dutinami s délkou úměrnou čtverci poloměru. Podobně pro platnost skalární teorie platí nepřímá úměra na vlnové délce interagujícího záření. Na závěr zmíníme existenci tzv. fokusačního režimu, kdy shledáme, že na konci dutiny dochází s rostoucí délkou dutiny k opakovanému přibližně řádovému nárustu intenzity záření na ose symetrie dutiny.
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Magnetic spin ice states in artificial magnetic frustrated systems
Schánilec, Vojtěch ; Hrabec, Aleš (oponent) ; Rougemaille, Nicolas (vedoucí práce)
Artificial spin-ice systems are an appropriate tool for exploring unusual phenomena that are hard to observe in nature. A special case of artificial spin ice system is a kagome lattice that allows you to examine the collective behaviour of spin in the matter. This system has a number of predicted exotic magnetic phases that have not yet been measured and investigated in real space. In this work, we deal with the modification of the kagome lattice so that it can be used to study exotic states in real space. Experiments performed on our modified lattice indicate that we are able to detect both low and high energy states, and therefore the proposed modification of the kagome lattice is suitable for exploring its exotic states in real space.
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Magnetic phases in an artificial realization of the square ice model
Brunn, Ondřej ; Hrabec, Aleš (oponent) ; Rougemaille, Nicolas (vedoucí práce)
Artificial spin systems are convenient tool for exploring and manipulating unconventional exotic low-energy states directly in real space. Experimental realization of these system is made by pattering arrays of interacting nanomagnets with given geometry. First and also probably the most extensively studied artificial system have regular square lattice. In this work we deal with the modification of the square geometry that enable us to induce distinct magnetic phases of ice-type models. Results show that with appropriate tuning of the modification, several magnetic phases can be reached, including the disordered spin-liquid phase with trapped magnetic quasi-particles (magnetic monopoles).
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Current-induced domain wall propagation in ferrimagnetic wires
Hnilica, Ján ; Hrabec, Aleš (oponent) ; Uhlíř, Vojtěch (vedoucí práce)
The development of a new type of digital storage media requires the use of complex concepts to achieve high data density, write speed, and energy efficiency. Data recording in one of the concepts uses domain-wall (DW) motion induced by the injection of a spin current. Synthetic ferrimagnets (FIMs) composed of Co/Gd, prepared using magnetron sputtering were chosen as model systems to investigate the motion of DW in lithographically fabricated microstripes. This material allows tunable modification of magnetic properties, such as magnetization and coercivity, by changing the parameters of individual layers or the system’s temperature. Additionally, magnetic compensation (MCP) and compensation of the total angular momentum (ACP) can be achieved and were studied using magneto-optical Kerr microscopy (MOKE) and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). The DW motion was induced by spin-orbit torques (SOT) using nanosecond pulses of spin current. Finding suitable magnetic parameters is crucial for an efficient and fast DW motion, which is addressed in the conclusion of this work. Special emphasis is placed on investigating the influence of temperature, MCP, and ACP on the dynamics of the DW motion.
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Artificial Shakti ice magnets: ground state degeneracy, Coulomb phase and monopole excitations
Zálešák, Marek ; Hrabec, Aleš (oponent) ; Rougemaille, Nicolas (vedoucí práce)
Artificial spin systems have emerged as a promising platform for studying in real space and harnessing exotic states of matter. This diploma thesis investigates the unique properties of a specific artificial spin system known as the shakti ice magnet. The shakti ice magnet is a two-dimensional arrangement of interacting nano-magnets, exhibiting intriguing magnetic behaviour. This research aimed at characterising its behaviour and its ability to be mapped onto the seminal square ice in which interesting Coulomb physics is expected. A combination of experimental measurements and numerical simulations was employed to achieve these objectives. Experiments were based on MFM measurements to determine the magnetic configuration of samples containing lithographically prepared shakti lattices.
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Magnetic phases in an artificial realization of the square ice model
Brunn, Ondřej ; Hrabec, Aleš (oponent) ; Rougemaille, Nicolas (vedoucí práce)
Artificial spin systems are convenient tool for exploring and manipulating unconventional exotic low-energy states directly in real space. Experimental realization of these system is made by pattering arrays of interacting nanomagnets with given geometry. First and also probably the most extensively studied artificial system have regular square lattice. In this work we deal with the modification of the square geometry that enable us to induce distinct magnetic phases of ice-type models. Results show that with appropriate tuning of the modification, several magnetic phases can be reached, including the disordered spin-liquid phase with trapped magnetic quasi-particles (magnetic monopoles).
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Magnetic spin ice states in artificial magnetic frustrated systems
Schánilec, Vojtěch ; Hrabec, Aleš (oponent) ; Rougemaille, Nicolas (vedoucí práce)
Artificial spin-ice systems are an appropriate tool for exploring unusual phenomena that are hard to observe in nature. A special case of artificial spin ice system is a kagome lattice that allows you to examine the collective behaviour of spin in the matter. This system has a number of predicted exotic magnetic phases that have not yet been measured and investigated in real space. In this work, we deal with the modification of the kagome lattice so that it can be used to study exotic states in real space. Experiments performed on our modified lattice indicate that we are able to detect both low and high energy states, and therefore the proposed modification of the kagome lattice is suitable for exploring its exotic states in real space.
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Study of magnonic crystals in a frequency domain
Turčan, Igor ; Hrabec, Aleš (oponent) ; Urbánek, Michal (vedoucí práce)
Characterization of magnetodynamic properties of nanomagnets and nanostructured magnetic materials requires methods appropriate for probing the typical timescales of these systems, i.e. in the sub-nanosecond range. The lack of appropriate time-domain characterization techniques is linked to the limits of current electronics. Other possible approach is to use the frequency domain characterization in GHz range. The most common frequency domain characterization technique is the ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) measurement. From FMR spectra it is possible to extract valuable information about the magnetic system: the damping parameter, saturation magnetization etc. The method we utilize for detection of spin-wave excitations aims for the simplification of the characterization experiment. We employ the thermoelectric detection of spin waves in magnetic strips via anomalous Nernst effect. The method is based on the heat generation inside a magnetic film due to the relaxation of spin waves to the lattice. The dissipation of spin-wave energy heats the magnetic strip and creates a temperature gradient towards the substrate (perpendicular to the surface). This leads to generation of an electric field perpendicular to both the temperature gradient and the magnetization direction. The voltage is usually in the V range, hence it can be measured with common laboratory equipment. Despite its simplicity, this method yields very interesting results and can be used for characterization of magnonic waveguides, magnonic metamaterials, spin-wave emitters and other spin-wave devices.
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