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Vplyv rastových regulátorov na efektívnosť využitia vody a odolonosť voči stresu such u vybraných odrod pšenici ozimnej
 Barányiová, Irena
The main objective of dissertation thesis was to show impact of exogenous application of growth regulators on physiology and the total yield of winter wheat under drought stress. For the purpose of assessing the impact of growth regulators under drought conditions, it was in 2013-2014 and 2014-2015 established field experiment at the field experimental station Žabčice. The field experiment monitored the effects of growth regulators on water use effeciency and tolerance to drought stress. We compared the effect of four growth regulators representing a different mode of action, the application time and potential of drought stress reduction. These were the active compound chlormequate (CCC) applied at the beginning of stem elongation, trinexapac-ethyl applied in the middle of stem elongation, etephon applied at the end of stem elongation and finally it was application of fungicide from the group of strobilurins (azoxystrobin) carried out at the heading growth stage. The drought stress was inducted by using experimental rain-out shelters that were installed at the end of stem elongation. Approximatelly 2 and 4 weeks after the beginning of drought stress, physiological measurements. Lower grain yields were recorded in 2014 with the average yields (4 to 6 t.ha-1). The highest grain yields were in 2015 with the average yields (10 to 13 t.ha-1).The positive impact of plant growth regulators was demonstrated mostly in increased yield and spike productivity. A positive effect of plant growth regulators on elimination of negative impact of drought in the parameter Amax was demonstrated after application of azoxystrobin, to a lesser extent after application of CCC and trinexapax. Etephon had the lowest impact on elimination of drought stress. The negative impact of drought stress on chlorophyll content was statistically significantly eliminated in all treatments by growth regulators. In addition, application of growth regulators reduced the impact of drought stress on water use efficiency (WUE). Growth regulators also mitigate a negative impact of drought stress on the primary phase of photosynthesis evaluated using chlorophyll fluorescence parameters. In the growth chamber experiment, the effect of growth regulators on the combined effect of drought stress and vapour pressure deficit (VPD) was studied. The highest positive effect in dry conditions had application of trinexapac-ethyl and CCC regulators under both low and high VPD.
Úplný záznam
Effect of exogenous application of growth regulators on the physiological parameters and the yield of winter wheat under drought stress
 Barányiová, I. ; Klem, Karel ; Křen, J.
The field trial aimed to evaluate the effect of different growth regulators in winter wheat under growth stress was conducted in 2013/2014. Within this experiment following growth regulators and fungicide with growth regulation effect were used: Retacel extra R68 (chlormequat chloride 720 g/l), Moddus (trinexapac-ethyl 250 g/l), Cerone (ethephon 480 g/l), Amistar (strobulirin 250 g/l). These growth regulators were applied at growth stages between BBCH 31 and BBCH 59. The aim of the experiment was to determine the impact of these regulators on the growth, development and yield of winter wheat when simulating the drought stress using experimental rain-out shelters. The attention was paid to assess the effect of exogenous application of growth regulators on the physiology and the yield of selected varieties of winter wheat under drought stress. From our preliminary results it can be concluded that almost all growth regulators increase the rate of CO2 assimilation and the stomatal conductance. Definitely positive effect on water use efficiency was found in fungicide treatment with growth regulation effect azoxystrobin. Under drought stress the decrease of chlorophyll content in leaves was found. Growth regulators CCC and trinexapac mitigate the decline of chlorophyll content caused by drought in the upper leaves but rather increased the impact in older (lower) leaves. Fungicide azoxystrobin alleviates the decrease of chlorophyll caused by drought in all leaves. The results show that all regulators increased yield, which demonstrate a positive effect under dry conditions because the vegetation season was very dry and lodging did not occur. Furthermore, the most pronounced mitigation of drought stress was found for strobilurin and partly also trinexapac. Results of field experiments can contribute to mitigating the impact of drought on yield formation and quality of winter wheat production in the realization of biological potential of wheat genotypes.
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