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Framing Effects: A Review of Contemporary Findings
Vintr, Jáchym ; Lukavský, Jiří (referee)
This rigorous thesis reviews contemporary findings on the framing effect. It is an important psychological effect embedded in the field of social cognition. The thesis includes a theoretical and an empirical part. The theoretical part of the thesis reviews contemporary theoretical explanations of the framing effect. The main theoretical discussion concerns Prospect Theory, Dual-Process Theory, and its extension in the form of the tripartite model, as well as Fuzzy-Trace Theory. In the theoretical part, the thesis further discusses the typology of framing effects and provides a review of the most important replications and meta-analyses. Furthermore, the thesis discusses studies conducted during the covid-19 pandemic with emphasis on the practical application of framing effects in public health communication. The theoretical part further focuses on individual differences in susceptibility to framing effects. The thesis describes major individual predictors in detail, with focus on cognitive abilities, cognitive styles, numeracy, personality traits, and developmental factors. In the empirical part of this thesis, a pre-registered quantitative online study is conducted on a convenience sample selected from the Czech adult population (N = 584) to test whether numeracy predicts resistance to framing...
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Individual Differences in Susceptibility to Framing Effects
Vintr, Jáchym ; Vranka, Marek (advisor) ; Lukavský, Jiří (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with the topic of individual differences in susceptibility to framing effects. While some people respond sensitively to changes in the wording of decision problems, other people remain consistent in their decision-making regardless of a problem formulation. The goal of this thesis is to describe the current state of research evidence about these differences. The thesis first introduces main theoretical concepts of framing effect, focusing particularly on Prospect Theory, Dual-Process Theory and Fuzzy-Trace Theory. The thesis also elaborates on a framing effect typology, describes the main moderators of the effect, and summarizes the most important meta-analyses and replication studies. In the next part, the thesis introduces the main empirically described predictors of resistance to framing among cognitive styles, cognitive abilities, numeracy, personality dispositions and developmental factors. In the empirical part of the thesis, a pre- registered quantitative online study on a convenience sample from a Czech adult population (N = 584) was conducted with the goal of testing whether numeracy predicts resistance to framing above and beyond fluid intelligence, need for cognition and faith in intuition. For the purpose of the study, adapted two-factor Resistance to Framing scale and...
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A use of principles of behavioral economics in public policy
Vintr, Jáchym ; Stehlík, Luděk (advisor) ; Vranka, Marek (referee)
This thesis offers a review of selected psychological insights used in behavioral economics. The basic theoretical concepts are summarized in the literary review section. This section focuses mainly on the prospect theory proposed by Daniel Kahneman and Amos Tversky, as well as other heuristics and cognitive biases that influence human decision-making. The thesis also deals with Richard Thaler's concept of nudges. Policies in selected countries are mentioned to illustrate succesful examples of behavioral insights that have already been implemented. The thesis then focuses on the issue of college dropout in the context of possible behavioral interventions. The number of college students who fail to finish their studies succesfully increases substantially in Czechia. Foreign research suggests that it is possible to use nudges based on behavioral insights in college environment. A proposed research project, based on randomised controlled trial, aims to test nudges that could support an integration of students into the college environment which should lead to decrease in the college dropout rate.
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