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Power sources in the Czech republic concentrated on using biomass
Vacek, Tomáš ; Liedermann, Pavel (referee) ; Špaček, Jaroslav (advisor)
This article introduces independent sources of electric energy in the Czech Republic, the different types of power plants, their productivity and the quantity of electric energy delivered to the main distributor. In our country, as well as around the world, commonly used fuels are fossil fuels- coal, crude oil, and gas. As the demand for energy grows, those supplies are slowly running out. Not to mention that those fuels have a negative environmental impact. They are a source of carbon, which causes damage to the atmosphere and leads to global warming. Power plants which do not produce carbon are much safer for the environment, and much more productive. However, the residue of this energy is challenging to dispose of. Nuclear energy has common attributes with renewing the sources of energies that are extremely friendly to our environment. Nuclear power plants also produce enough energy and with the usage of Fourth generation reactors, they will be able to recycle the nuclear fuels. Today, more importance is put on renewing sources which are more gentle for the environment. In the near future, CEZ Company, the largest producer of electric energy is planning to use water energy. Water energy comes from water plants or dams. Other ecological forms of energy include geothermal and solar energies. These two types of energy are not as applicable for our geographical position. Geothermal energy is commonly used on islands where there is an abundance of natural hot springs. The most discussed source of energy is bioenergy. It uses natural wood sources, recycled wood products, and applies bioenergy as a main source for thermal power plants.
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The assessment of connectivity 138 MW combined heat and power plant in Prostějov
Vacek, Tomáš ; Opat, Jaroslav (referee) ; Bátora, Branislav (advisor)
The goal of this project is to test the possibility to connect the Cogenerational generation of power 138 MW (still in the development stage) to the control room 110 kV in Prostejov production. This merge would product the electrical energy as well as the heat energy for all local area. In this dissertation we will be considering the solution of the steady state (stationary state) of system with the voltage level of 110kV, as well as the influence of the generation of power on this system, there by the suggesting a connection. The Congenerational production indicates higher effectiveness in the transformation of energy during primary production process due to the production of heat energy as well as the electrical energy from the primary power sources. In our country, as well as around the world, commonly used fuels are fossil fuels- coal, crude oil, and gas. As the demand for energy grows, those supplies are slowly running out. Not to mention that those fuels have a negative environmental impact. They are a source of carbon, which causes damage to the atmosphere and leads to global warming. Power plants which do not produce carbon are much safer for the environment, and much more productive. However, the residue of this energy is challenging to dispose of. Nuclear energy has common attributes with renewing the sources of energies that are extremely friendly to our environment. Nuclear power plants also produce enough energy and with the usage of Fourth generation reactors, they will be able to recycle the nuclear fuels. Today, more importance is put on renewing sources which are more gentle for the environment. In the near future, CEZ Company, the largest producer of electric energy is planning to use water energy. Water energy comes from water plants or dams. Other ecological forms of energy include geothermal and solar energies. These two types of energy are not as applicable for our geographical position. Geothermal energy is commonly used on islands where there is an abundance of natural hot springs. The most discussed source of energy is bioenergy. It uses natural wood sources, recycled wood products, and applies bioenergy as a main source for thermal power plants.
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Influence of interfering elements on the electrochemical antimony hydride generation
Vacek, Tomáš ; Hraníček, Jakub (advisor) ; Rychlovský, Petr (referee)
This thesis is focused on the study of different interfering elements during antimony electrochemical hydride generation. Interferences were studied for electrochemical hydride generation with electrolytic cell and also for chemical hydride generation using sodium tetrahydroborate as a reduction agent. The study included the comparison with oxygen influences. Hydride-forming elements (selenium and arsenic), transition metals (zinc, copper and nickel), different anions (chlorides, sulfates and nitrates) and sodium were tested as interferents. The most serious interferents were hydride-forming elements and nickel, where 100 % signal supression was observed in high interferent concentrations. As opposed to sodium and nickel, where almost none signal supression was observed at all concentrations. Keywords Interferences, electrochemical hydride generation, atomic absorption spectrometry, antimony, electrolytic cell, atomization, hydrides
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Fázová výživa dojnic v daném zemědělském podniku
VACEK, Tomáš
In this work, I analyzed phase nutrition dairy cattle practiced on a farm. Furthermore, the work focused on quality of bulky feeds from maize silage, grass-clover silage and field bean silage. Feeding method, composition of rations and production parameters were also evaluated, while taking welfare of the animals into account. For data analysis, a nutrition program was used. Indicators of nutritional values and fermentation characteristics, including microbiological testing of silage feeds (maize silage, grass-clover silage, field bean silage), correspond to a very good standard. For maize silage and grass-clover silage, NDV, ADV and NEL values were shown to be slightly below the national average. When evaluating the nutritional level based on the feed ration optimization, we can conclude that the differences in the monitored nutritional values are within the tolerance limits of the recommended values. The level of nutrition corresponds to the production achieved. Fat and starch content of the feed ration are consistent with the recommended values present in literature.
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Záchrana a regenerace plemene skotu české červinky
VACEK, Tomáš
The aim of the thesis was to create a clear literary study on saving the breed of the Czech Red cattle with the balance of the results achieved during the regeneration process. Work includes the regeneration process, related breeds, state aid, studbook, breeding bulls, numerous states, the number of farms with breeding conditions and the appreciation of the exterior. Within its processing, milk yield from database (123 lactations of 35 cows) was evaluated and compared with the breeding goal and literature. Fertility age at first calving (32 times) and interim (91 times) from the monitored cows were also evaluated. These data were then compared with the Polish Red Cattle. Meat performance was evaluated in relation to the growth of three breeders (113 individuals) and compared with the breeding goal and literature. Development of weight of cows and bulls from the 17th century to the early 21st century was also compiled from literature, and then compared with the Polish Red Cattle and Angler Cattle.The study suggests that state support has mostly declined during the years 1997 2015. Populations of the Czech Red cattle (198 individuals in 2015) and number of farms (30 pieces in 2015) have predominantly increased. Milk yield (2550 4409 kg, 4.18 to 4.30% fat and 3.46 to 3.50% protein) generally met the breeding goal. Age of first calving (30.5 months) and the interim period (439 days) lagged behind the Polish Red breeds. The meat production in heifers in one hundred days (110 kg) and at 365 days (267 kg) just met the breeding goal. In the case of the average daily gain increase (0.641 to 0.888 kg / day), the breeding goal has not been met. Bulls in one hundred days (130 kg) crossed the breeding goal, as well as for the average daily gain (1.001 to 1.055 kg / day). A comparison of the development of the weight of cows and bulls suggests that Czech Red cattle held approximately the same weight from the beginning of the 20th century (488 kg in the 21st century).
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Sensitivity increasing of gold determination by electrochemical volatile species generation with AAS detection
Vacek, Tomáš ; Hraníček, Jakub (advisor) ; Rychlovský, Petr (referee)
This thesis is focused on increasing the senstitivity of gold determination by electrochemical volatile species generation using two different types of electrolytic cells in continuous flow setting. Externally heated quartz tube atomizer was used as means of atomization and detection of gold with atomic absorption spectrometer. Generation parameters were optimized for electrolytic cell with an ion exchange (nafion) membrane. After selection of new cathode material (Cu) the carrier gas (Ar) flow rate was optimized, where an additional inlet of carrier gas was found to have possitive effect on increasing the sensitivity of determination of gold and efficiency of volatile specie transport to the atomizer. Experiments with Antifoam B showed possitive effect on generation, thus calibration was carried out for optimized experimetal conditions reaching detection limit of 0,53 mg.dm−3 . The efficiency of volatile specie transfer from liquid to gaseous phase was determined between 60 - 65 % by measuring the residual gold content in liquid waste by F-AAS method. Subsequently the effieciency of electrolytic generation of volatile gold specie with radioactive tracer isotopes and autoradigraphy was determined to 0,6 %. These methods confirmed adsorption of generated species on apparatus surface. Using ICP-MS as...
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Influence of interfering elements on the electrochemical antimony hydride generation
Vacek, Tomáš ; Hraníček, Jakub (advisor) ; Rychlovský, Petr (referee)
This thesis is focused on the study of different interfering elements during antimony electrochemical hydride generation. Interferences were studied for electrochemical hydride generation with electrolytic cell and also for chemical hydride generation using sodium tetrahydroborate as a reduction agent. The study included the comparison with oxygen influences. Hydride-forming elements (selenium and arsenic), transition metals (zinc, copper and nickel), different anions (chlorides, sulfates and nitrates) and sodium were tested as interferents. The most serious interferents were hydride-forming elements and nickel, where 100 % signal supression was observed in high interferent concentrations. As opposed to sodium and nickel, where almost none signal supression was observed at all concentrations. Keywords Interferences, electrochemical hydride generation, atomic absorption spectrometry, antimony, electrolytic cell, atomization, hydrides
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GDP trend, structural analysis, the position of agriculture
Vacek, Tomáš ; Brčák, Josef (advisor) ; Miroslava, Miroslava (referee)
This master thesis deals with the gross domestic product as one of the basic macroeconomic indicators. The subject of the work is also examining the situation of Czech agriculture.
The work presents theoretical basis for understanding the basic relations and concepts that relate to the gross domestic product. They describe the various methods of GDP calculation and underlying economic factors, which contribute to the final value of GDP. In detail, the work deals with the development of Czech gross domestic product since 1993, and its comparison with not only with neighboring states, but also with other European Union countries.
The last part deals with the position of Czech agriculture and its development since 2003. In addition, he also position of individual plant and animal production, number of employees and contribution to gross domestic product.
In the final part, the work tries to summarize the trend of the gross domestic product of the Czech Republic and agriculture as its integral part.
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Power sources in the Czech republic concentrated on using biomass
Vacek, Tomáš ; Liedermann, Pavel (referee) ; Špaček, Jaroslav (advisor)
This article introduces independent sources of electric energy in the Czech Republic, the different types of power plants, their productivity and the quantity of electric energy delivered to the main distributor. In our country, as well as around the world, commonly used fuels are fossil fuels- coal, crude oil, and gas. As the demand for energy grows, those supplies are slowly running out. Not to mention that those fuels have a negative environmental impact. They are a source of carbon, which causes damage to the atmosphere and leads to global warming. Power plants which do not produce carbon are much safer for the environment, and much more productive. However, the residue of this energy is challenging to dispose of. Nuclear energy has common attributes with renewing the sources of energies that are extremely friendly to our environment. Nuclear power plants also produce enough energy and with the usage of Fourth generation reactors, they will be able to recycle the nuclear fuels. Today, more importance is put on renewing sources which are more gentle for the environment. In the near future, CEZ Company, the largest producer of electric energy is planning to use water energy. Water energy comes from water plants or dams. Other ecological forms of energy include geothermal and solar energies. These two types of energy are not as applicable for our geographical position. Geothermal energy is commonly used on islands where there is an abundance of natural hot springs. The most discussed source of energy is bioenergy. It uses natural wood sources, recycled wood products, and applies bioenergy as a main source for thermal power plants.
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The assessment of connectivity 138 MW combined heat and power plant in Prostějov
Vacek, Tomáš ; Opat, Jaroslav (referee) ; Bátora, Branislav (advisor)
The goal of this project is to test the possibility to connect the Cogenerational generation of power 138 MW (still in the development stage) to the control room 110 kV in Prostejov production. This merge would product the electrical energy as well as the heat energy for all local area. In this dissertation we will be considering the solution of the steady state (stationary state) of system with the voltage level of 110kV, as well as the influence of the generation of power on this system, there by the suggesting a connection. The Congenerational production indicates higher effectiveness in the transformation of energy during primary production process due to the production of heat energy as well as the electrical energy from the primary power sources. In our country, as well as around the world, commonly used fuels are fossil fuels- coal, crude oil, and gas. As the demand for energy grows, those supplies are slowly running out. Not to mention that those fuels have a negative environmental impact. They are a source of carbon, which causes damage to the atmosphere and leads to global warming. Power plants which do not produce carbon are much safer for the environment, and much more productive. However, the residue of this energy is challenging to dispose of. Nuclear energy has common attributes with renewing the sources of energies that are extremely friendly to our environment. Nuclear power plants also produce enough energy and with the usage of Fourth generation reactors, they will be able to recycle the nuclear fuels. Today, more importance is put on renewing sources which are more gentle for the environment. In the near future, CEZ Company, the largest producer of electric energy is planning to use water energy. Water energy comes from water plants or dams. Other ecological forms of energy include geothermal and solar energies. These two types of energy are not as applicable for our geographical position. Geothermal energy is commonly used on islands where there is an abundance of natural hot springs. The most discussed source of energy is bioenergy. It uses natural wood sources, recycled wood products, and applies bioenergy as a main source for thermal power plants.
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