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Nutričně cenné látky hrachu a jejich změny při zpracování
Stávková, Kristýna
Bachelor thesis is called nutritionally important substances peas and their changes during processing. In the introduction, peas defined in terms of composition and its effects on the human organism. The aim was to also focus on the production, harvesting, consumption, dietary guidelines and quality requirements for peas. The second part deals with the characteristics of individual types of peas. Another section discusses the nutritional composition of peas, the possibility of treatment and analysis of content substances that change. In the practical part a questionnaire was put together focusing on the consumption and purchase of peas. Consumers prefer fresh peas, in order to preserve the vitamins and other valuable ingredients.
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Effect of Genotoxic 2-Nitrofluorene and Its Metabolites on DNA In Vivo and Possibilities of Investigation of this Effect Using Electrochemical DNA Biosensors In Vitro
Stávková, Klára ; Vyskočil, Vlastimil (advisor) ; Fišer, Radovan (referee)
Presented Bachelor Thesis is targeted on the topic of hazardous 2-nitrofluorene (NF), which is known as one of the markers of the presence of nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. This Thesis summarizes the current knowledge about the formation of this xenobiotic, its occurrence and transport in living and working environment, and about its negative effects on living organisms, especially on their DNA. These findings obtained upon the in vivo investigations are compared in this Thesis with information obtained using electrochemical DNA biosensors, which represent very promising in vitro alternative to the study of processes proceeding in living organisms upon the interaction of their DNA with the xenobiotic. NF is mainly released to the atmosphere through the exhaust gases of diesel and gasoline engines. It is adsorbed onto solid particulate matters, through which it is spread over long distances and can enter the air passages of animals. Through an atmospheric fall-out, NF contaminates waters and soils, where it is transported together with other nutrients and food to plants and animals; by consummation of such organisms, it can finally enter the body of higher animals and the human. It has been shown that NF is a chemically stable substance. On the other hand, it is metabolized intensively...
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Kvalita jemného pečiva ovlivněná vlákninou
Stávková, Kristýna
The main aim of the diploma thesis "Quality of fine pastry influenced by fiber" was to design a recipe containing 2%, 4% and 6% of bamboo pulp, wheat fiber and apple fiber. Further, the aim was to assess the effect of fiber addition on the quality of fine pastry. In the practical part, bakery experiment, sensory analysis, universal tension / pressure test, nutritional value and color of surface and surface were determined by spectrophotometric measurement. The results were processed in Statistica 12 and MS Excel. Ten samples were baked. Maximum weight after baking was sample no. 4, with the addition of 6% bamboo fiber BAF 200. The lowest values of density of the samples reached with addition of 3% bamboo fiber was most favorable overall sample containing 4% bamboo fiber BAF 200. The highest strength was measured for the sample 5, to which 2% bamboo fiber BAF 400 was added. The lowest energy value had sample 4, ie with the addition of 6% bamboo fiber BAF 200.
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The Use of an Electrochemical DNA Biosensor in Detection of DNA Damage Caused by Genotoxic 2-Nitrofluorene
Stávková, Klára ; Vyskočil, Vlastimil (advisor) ; Zima, Jiří (referee)
2-Nitrofluorene is a model representative of nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (NPAH) which belongs to a group of mutagens and carcinogens. Interaction of DNA with genotoxic 2-nitrofluorene was monitored by an electrochemical DNA biosensor made of a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) and low molecular weight DNA from salmon sperm. Techniques used are electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), cyclic voltammetry (CV) and square-wave voltammetry (SWV). Using the EIS technique, no damage to DNA, which would cause strand breaks in DNA, was observed, whereas using the CV technique, the intercalation of NF to the structure of DNA was observed, leading to the formation of a NF-DNA complex. The intercalation results in a reduction of electroactive sites which can be oxidized. It was verified using the SWV technique, by which a decrease of the peak heights of adenosine and guanosine was observed. Because of the dangerous effect of NF on the structure of DNA, an electroanalytical method for its determination was developed. An applicability of the method was successfully tested on a model sample of sand. For the development of the technique, differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) was used in a mixture of the Britton-Robinson buffer of pH 7.0 and ethanol in a ratio of 7:3 (v/v) and with a periodic...
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Effect of Genotoxic 2-Nitrofluorene and Its Metabolites on DNA In Vivo and Possibilities of Investigation of this Effect Using Electrochemical DNA Biosensors In Vitro
Stávková, Klára ; Vyskočil, Vlastimil (advisor) ; Fišer, Radovan (referee)
Presented Bachelor Thesis is targeted on the topic of hazardous 2-nitrofluorene (NF), which is known as one of the markers of the presence of nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. This Thesis summarizes the current knowledge about the formation of this xenobiotic, its occurrence and transport in living and working environment, and about its negative effects on living organisms, especially on their DNA. These findings obtained upon the in vivo investigations are compared in this Thesis with information obtained using electrochemical DNA biosensors, which represent very promising in vitro alternative to the study of processes proceeding in living organisms upon the interaction of their DNA with the xenobiotic. NF is mainly released to the atmosphere through the exhaust gases of diesel and gasoline engines. It is adsorbed onto solid particulate matters, through which it is spread over long distances and can enter the air passages of animals. Through an atmospheric fall-out, NF contaminates waters and soils, where it is transported together with other nutrients and food to plants and animals; by consummation of such organisms, it can finally enter the body of higher animals and the human. It has been shown that NF is a chemically stable substance. On the other hand, it is metabolized intensively...
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Electrochemical determination of 2-nitrofluorene and investigation of its interaction with DNA
Skalová, Štěpánka ; Stávková, K. ; Barek, J. ; Vyskočil, V.
2-Nitrofluorene (2-NF) belongs to the group of nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. These compounds are categorized as environmental pollutants and they can manifest mutagenic and carcinogenic effects. A differential pulse voltammetric method at a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was developed for sensitive determination of 2-NF. Under the optimum conditions found, a linear calibration dependence was obtained in the concentration range of 2 x 10(-7) - 1 x 10(-5) mol L-1, with the limit of quantification of 2 x 10 mol L-1. The practical applicability of this method was verified on the direct determination of 2-NF in a model sample of sand. Moreover, the mutual interaction between 2-NF and DNA was investigated using an electrochemical DNA biosensor (DNA-modified GCE). Cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and square-wave voltammetry were employed in this study, confirming the formation of a 2-NF-DNA complex.\n
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Study of 2-Nitrofluorene Interaction with DNA at a Glassy Carbon Electrode
Skalová, Štěpánka ; Stávková, K. ; Vyskočil, V. ; Barek, J.
2-Nitrofluorene (2-NF) is a nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (NPAH) which occurs as the environmental pollutant. It is a potential carcinogen and mutagen. Interaction of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) with 2-NF was monitored using an electrochemical DNA biosensor prepared from a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) and low-molecular-weight DNA by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and square-wave voltammetry (SWV).\nThere were no damaging interactions observed between DNA and 2-NF using EIS. However, CV shows intercalation of this substance into the DNA structure to form the complex 2-NF–DNA. Intercalation was also observed by SWV, confirming intercalation to reduce the number of electroactive sites and thus reducing the peak heights of adenosine and guanosine.
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