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Comparison of immunomodulatory properties of mesenchymal stem cells and Sertoli cells
Porubská, Bianka ; Krulová, Magdaléna (advisor) ; Komrsková, Kateřina (referee) ; Filipp, Dominik (referee)
Cell therapies are increasingly considered in preclinical studies and in the future of medicine. The main cell type investigated in this manner is mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), because of their strong immunomodulatory properties. The efficacy of the therapy depends on various aspects, such as the viability and source of MSCs, the purity of the cell suspension and many more. There is a need for more tailored therapy and the use of cell type better fitting for the specific pathology. Sertoli cells (SCs) are deemed by some authors to be a kind of MSCs, namely because of their similar immunomodulatory properties. Because they reside in the seminiferous tubules in the testes, they are a promising candidate for the treatment of inflammatory pathologies of testicular tissue, such as bacterial infection-induced infertility. In vitro comparison of the ability of MSCs and SCs to differentiate into mesenchymal cell lineages such as osteocyte, chondrocyte, and adipocyte showed success in the case of SCs, providing evidence for their mesenchymal origin. The effect of MSCs or SCs on activated immune cells in vitro showed immunosuppression in both cases with distinct features. MSCs suppressed Th17 cell activation and IL-17 production by CD4+ T cells and SCs down-regulated TNFα and IL-2 production by these cells,...
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Differentiation of keratinocytes: molecular markers and potential of influencing them in vitro
Ondrúšková, Denisa ; Filová, Elena (advisor) ; Porubská, Bianka (referee)
Keratinocytes are the most abundant skin cells found in epidermis. They are divided into proliferative basal stem cells, which are in close contact with basement membrane and suprabasal differentiating cells. Basal keratinocytes express K5 and K14 keratins and give rise to differentiating layers via delamination or asymmetric division. The firstly formed layer is stratum spinosum that expresses keratins K1 and K10 and involucrin, and, subsequently, it passes into the stratum granulosum, in which cells express loricrin and profilagrin. The last layer of epidermis is the stratum corneum formed by corneocytes that finally desquamate. Keratinocytes participate in the process of skin regeneration and can be isolated and cultivated. Their cultivation can be affected by various factors, such as selection of suitable materiál (nanofibers/gels) and suitable culture media, which can be enriched with growth factors, platelet lysat, vitamins and other substances. When culturing them, it also depends on whether the cells are entirely immersed in medium or growing on liquid/air interface. To approximate in vivo conditions and to study interaction between cell populations, keratinocytes are often cultured in co-cultures with different cells such as fibroblasts, endothelial cells, monocytes and others....
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The role of monoamines in the immune system regulation during infection
Matajová, Kamila ; Voukali, Eleni (advisor) ; Porubská, Bianka (referee)
Monoamines (norepinephrine, epinephrine, dopamine, serotonin, melatonin and histamine) have been extensively studied for their ability to regulate the activity of the immune system during infection in mammals and birds. Monoamines can induce a response in immune cells through their receptors and on the other hand, immune cells can affect the central nervous system through the release of cytokines. The effect on the immune system mediated by monoamines is stimulatory or inhibitory, tuned for the appropriate immune response to ensure a higher probability of the animal survival. Any weakening of this interaction leads to impaired immune function or deficient development of immune organs. Keywords: monoamines, immune system, infection, mammals, birds
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Testicular germ cell tumor related sperm and testis germ cell pathologies: experimental and clinical angle.
Kruf, Annabelle Elisabeth ; Svobodová, Jana (advisor) ; Porubská, Bianka (referee)
This bachelor thesis focuses on testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT) and associated sperm and tissue pathologies in the context of different clinical and experimental perspectives. Testicular cancer is the most common malignancy among young men in the reproductive age and the worldwide incidence of testicular cancer is on the rise. This thesis emphasizes the importance of better cooperation between scientific findings from primary research and their clinical implementations in cancer management. The main aim of this thesis is not only to summarize current knowledge of healthy and tumor affected sperm and testes tissue, but primarily define clinical and especially experimental approaches of how to reveal, study and treat TGCT. In order to gain a deeper understanding and insight into TGCT, the data discussed in this thesis comes from the genetic, epigenetic, proteomic, endocrinologic and metabolic fields. More research on the underlying mechanisms of testicular cancer will further improve the quality of life of many young people faced with this diagnose. Keywords: sperm parametrs, testicular germ cells, testicular tumors, tumor treatment, diagnostic strategies
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The role of monoamines in the immune system regulation during infection
Matajová, Kamila ; Voukali, Eleni (advisor) ; Porubská, Bianka (referee)
Monoamines (norepinephrine, epinephrine, dopamine, serotonin, melatonin and histamine) have been extensively studied for their ability to regulate the activity of the immune system during infection in mammals and birds. Monoamines can induce a response in immune cells through their receptors and on the other hand, immune cells can affect the central nervous system through the release of cytokines. The effect on the immune system mediated by monoamines is stimulatory or inhibitory, tuned for the appropriate immune response to ensure a higher probability of the animal survival. Any weakening of this interaction leads to impaired immune function or deficient development of immune organs. Keywords: monoamines, immune system, infection, mammals, birds
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Study of mechanisms of Sertoli cell survival in xenogeneic organism
Porubská, Bianka ; Krulová, Magdaléna (advisor) ; Anděra, Ladislav (referee)
Sertoli cells (SCs) are somatic cells located in the testes. They are the only cells in direct contact with germ cells and play a key role in process of spermatogenesis. New insights in the biology of SCs are highlighting the immunological function of these cells: germ cells protection by maintaining the immunoprotective niche, creating the blood- testis barrier and local modulation of the immune response to spermatic cells. Immunomodulatory activity of SCs is preserved after their allo- and xenogeneic transplantation, and thus SCs prolongs survival not only of themselves but also of cells transplanted with them. The aim of this thesis was to study the survival and migration of SCs precursors (TSC) in mice recipients. The project is employing the neonatal tolerance phenomenon and evolutionary distinct donor organism, Xenopus tropicalis, to monitor conserved mechanisms of immune system (IS) modulation using SCs. SCs were detectable in the lungs and thymus 7 days after transplantation. The phenotype of immune cells was not altered 30 days after transplantation, however we detected changes in cytokine environment, namely increased levels of cytokines typical for Th2 and Treg immune responses. In vitro experiments further confirmed IS modulation by SCs - changing the phenotype of macrophages to alternatively...
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Immunoprotective properties of Sertoli cells
Porubská, Bianka ; Krulová, Magdaléna (advisor) ; Grobárová, Valéria (referee)
Sertoli cells (SCs) are somatic cells located in the male reproductive organs- testes. Everyday, understanding of their function and their role in spermatogenesis becomes better elucidated and there is no doubt that reproduction and continuity of the kind would be impaired in the absence of SCs. SCs are not only able to influence spermatogenesis they also significantly modulate immune system. Both cell and humoral component of immune system are affected after SCs application and SCs thus protect not only themselves, but also other co-transplanted cells. Modulation of response of innate and adaptive component of immune system may play a key role in the treatment of several diseases. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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