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An Effective System of Remuneration In the Public Sector
Picka, Jakub ; Kubátová, Květa (advisor) ; Izák, Vratislav (referee) ; Malý, Ivan (referee)
Expenditures on the salaries of public sector employees constitute a very important component of public expenditures, currently around CZK 200 billion annually in the Czech Republic. Adjusting the remuneration of employees in public administration (sector) is therefore an important option for increasing the efficiency of use of public funds. The assessment of the current system of public sector employee remuneration and a proposal for some specific changes to be made to it is the focus of this dissertation. The primary aim of my dissertation is to analyze the system of remuneration of employees of public and private sectors, both qualitatively and quantitatively. Within the primary target there is also a decomposition analysis, which indicates whether the employees are discriminated against in any of the sectors. The secondary objective is to make recommendations for the system of remunerating public sector employees of the in order to increase its efficiency in terms of public spending while maintaining its incentive function. The work is divided into five chapters. The first chapter, entitled "Theoretical Foundations," provides an overview of the relevant literature, the fundamental basis in economic theory, and issues of the Mincer wage equation, which is then later used as the basis for regression and decomposition analyses, and mainly describes in detail the decomposition method that is used to explain the difference in the salary level in the private and the public sector. These decomposition methods represent, together with quantile regression, the main tool used to meet the objectives of this work. The second chapter, entitled "The Remuneration of Public Sector Employees," describes the structure of the remuneration of employees of the public sector. The data shows that the current system produces results in the form of salaries that do not correspond to the market. The third chapter, called "Regression Model," builds on the analysis performed on data from QSAE, which was discussed in the second part of the previous chapter, and its purpose is to prepare the documents for verification and deepen their conclusions. The fourth chapter, called "Regression and Decomposition Analysis," is based on the regression model assembled in the previous chapter, and describes the results of the regression decomposition analysis performed on the described sample data. This chapter verifies the hypotheses set out in the introduction and answers research questions. The fifth and final chapter, entitled "Interpretation of the Results and Recommendations," focuses on the interpretation of the results, the proposed regulation of remuneration, and recommendations for further research. The main finding of this work is that the system of remuneration of public sector workers is set so that, while the overall average brings quite comparable results in terms of the salary as the entire labor market, it is not throughout the distribution. The performed regression analysis showed that both the public and private sectors evaluate the same things differently (different values of the regression coefficients of variables), and both at the average and along the entire distribution. We can say that the mechanism of the remuneration of employees of the public sector is different from that of the market. This fact is confirmed by the significantly higher coefficient of determination of the regression model of the public sector. Regarding possible discrimination in wages, the analysis showed that employees in the public sector may in contrary to the preposition of positive discrimination be positively discriminated against only up to approximately fifteenth percentile. From fifteenth percentile they are discriminated against negatively. This was confirmed by the decomposition analysis performed on the average salaries, which indicates that public sector employees are, at this level, negatively discriminated against (if the public sector employees have the same regression coefficients as private sector employees, their earnings increase). Finally, this conclusion is confirmed by the dummy variable, which represents belonging to the private sector when the value of its corresponding regression coefficients, in quantile regression analysis along the distribution, evolves from negative to positive and is significantly increasing. The thesis also shows how the system of remunerating public sector employees can be adjusted to reward employees in a way that is comparable with the market.
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Determination of the real estate tax base in OECD countries
Hájek, Petr ; Kubátová, Květa (advisor) ; Picka, Jakub (referee)
The diploma thesis deals with the real estate tax in OECD countries. The aim of this thesis is to compare particular methods of the determination of the tax base. The detailed analysis will be made in eleven europaean countries including Czech republic. I will also focus on the tax rates and tax discount systems. Using various sources i have analyzed an actual situation in real estate taxation systems and deduced the positive and negative effects of each tax base approach. In the end of this thesis I will present a complete real estate tax system.
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Anti-crisis fiscal measures in the Czech Republic and Slovak Republic
Houfová, Petra ; Kubátová, Květa (advisor) ; Picka, Jakub (referee)
Bachelor thesis compare anti-crisis fiscal measures in the Czech Republic and Slovak Republic in years 2008 -- 2012. First I describe the various measures adopted in the Czech Republic, divided by three areas of taxation to each years, in which came info force and rate each year when the changes was introduced. Similary are described and evaluated measures, which was legitimized in the Slovak Republic. Using the comparative analysis in which are used graphs and tables comparing efficiency of described measures with recpect to the year in which measures came into force and finding in which of the examined countries was the taken measures more effective.
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A comparison of existing a proposed pension system in the Czech Republic
Šubová, Lucie ; Urbánek, Václav (advisor) ; Picka, Jakub (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with a comparison of existing a proposed pension system in the Czech Republic, which should take effect from 1st January 2013. In the first chapter I describe the existing pension system, the principles of its operation, its most significant advantages and disadvantages. I also describe the factor that cause the problems in the system and that are the main arguments in benefit of the need for pension reform. In the second chapter I describe the new pension system in the form in which it was adopted by the Parliament on 6th November 2011. Mainly I draw attention to the most significant changes that should occur after 1st January 2013. The third chapter contains a case study that compares the probable amount of the proper old age pension in the existing system and new system. I reconnoitre if the new system is advantageous for the insured.
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Income unequality
Kovář, Petr ; Klazar, Stanislav (advisor) ; Picka, Jakub (referee)
The Goal of this final thesis was to offer completed focus on income distribution and unequality based on theretical and practical facts. Working with three paradigmatic countries I tried to show clearly income unequality in "real life". Final contribution of this final thesis is supposed to be a independent look at three paradigmatic countries from income distibution point of view and realizing of facts related to income unequality.
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Effective taxation of consumption and revenue structure of the old and the new EU member states
Vágnerová, Klára ; Kubátová, Květa (advisor) ; Picka, Jakub (referee)
The diploma thesis is focused on the comparison of effective taxation of consumption and structure of tax revenues between new and old member states of the European Union. Two predetermined hypotheses were tested in the comparison analysis. Hypothesis I.: New Member States have less effective taxation of consumption than the old ones Hypothesis II.: Revenues from taxes on consumption in the New Member states is different from the yields in the old Member States.Three indicators were tested gradually: implicit tax rate, share of taxes on consumption to gross domestic product and share of taxes on consumption to total taxation. The aim of the thesis was to confirm or to refute predetermined hypotheses and to discuss results of the analysis. In this analysis was used the method Comparison of two means.
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Development of effective tax rates on labour in the Czech Republic
Pšurná, Pavla ; Kubátová, Květa (advisor) ; Picka, Jakub (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with the effective taxation on labour in the Czech republic and compares these trends with the countries of the European Union on the basis of statistical data to Eurostat and the OECD. An effective tax rate is an indicator that measures actual tax burden on taxpayers. In the contrast with nominal rate, this indicator can take into account aspects of the tax system that affect the final tax. First, I deal closely with the indicators used to measure the tax distortion on labour. Emphasis is placed on the implicit tax rate created by Eurostat and which enables the comparison of the tax burden in the CR with the other member states of the Union. The next section gives an overview of the income tax reforms that took place in the CR since 1993. It follows the part of the analysis which compares the implicit tax rates on labour between EU member states. The last chapter describes the tax wedge which complements the analysis of implicit tax rates. I also investigate the impact of labour costs on the tax burden on taxpayers in the EU countries. The aim of this work is to analyze the development of effective tax rates on the labour in the Czech Republic from 1993 to present and identify causes of changes in comparison with EU countries.
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