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Tick-born encephalitis.
Frühbauerová, Gabriela ; Jílek, Petr (advisor) ; Paterová, Pavla (referee)
autor Gabriela Frühbauerová název práce Středoevropská klíšťová encefalitida typ práce diplomová práce škola Univerzita Karlova v Praze, Farmaceutická fakulta v Hradci Králové Studijní obor Farmacie Abstract Objective: Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is a serious viral neuroinfection, incidence of which have been occurring more frequently throughout the last two decades. Background and Methods: The aim of this thesis is to map the appearance of the TBE disease in the Vysocina district, with the focus on the Havlickuv Brod region and to find out the reasons of its growth. Futhermore, this thesis is dealing with a laboratory diagnostic of patients by means of restrospective data analysis for years 2006 - 2009, based on the database of microbiological laboratory of the Havlickuv Brod district hospital. Pathognomic symptoms, which have considerable importance in the early stage of the disease, were also to be considered. Finally, a recommended process of rational diagnostic of the disease is defined. Results: The increase of TBE incidence in the Vysocina district is linear whilst the most concentrated prevalence can be noticed in the basin of Sazava river. Natural foci in the Havlickuv Brod region extended significantly in 2006 and remained active for future years. The highest number of human cases TBE to occur...
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Diagnostics of syphilis
Branská, Lenka ; Paterová, Pavla (advisor) ; Drahošová, Marcela (referee)
Author: Lenka Branská Title: Diagnostic of syfilis Bachler work Univerzita Karlova v Praze, Farmaceutická fakulta v Hradci Králové Field of study: Medical laboratory technician, combined study form Background: The thesis is written in a literary review. The main objective is to summarize knowledge of the diagnosis of syphilis which is caused by a pathogenic bacterium of the genus Treponema Treaponema pallidum subsp. Pallidum. Main findings: Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum (T. p. pallidum) is the causative agent of syphilis, a sexually transmitted disease affecting more than 12 million people worldwide each year and it can be effectively treated with penicillin. Untreated syphilis has primary (local), secondary (disseminated), and tertiary (chronic) stages, and infection can persist for the lifetime of the patient. Diagnosis of syphilis is based primarily on indirect diagnostics, it can be divided according to the origin of the antigen non-treponemal (non-specific) and treponemal reactions (specific). Non- treponemal tests detect nonspecific antibody optionally cardiolipin, a phospholipid component constituting the cell membranes. Nonspecific antibodies after the effective treatment disappear over several weeks to months but specific IgG remain detectable for a long time. These reactions can...
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Evaluation of activity of potentional antifungal substances through the use of microdilution broth method II.
Rosíková, Pavla ; Vejsová, Marcela (advisor) ; Paterová, Pavla (referee)
Rosíková Pavla Evaluation of activity of potentional antifungal substances through the use of microdilution broth method II Diploma thesis Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove Pharmacy The aim of this diploma thesis was testing of samples of substances produced at the Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Drug Control and the Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry Faculty of Pharmacy of Charles University in Hradec Kralove. Substances were tested by using microdilution broth method. Testing was carried out on eight strains of yeasts and filamentous fungi: Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, Candida krusei, Candida glabrata, Trichosporon beigelii, Aspergillus fumigatus, Absidia corymbifera, Trichophyton mentagrophytes. Total were tested 49 substances, which are divided into four groups according to their chemical structure. Derivatives pyrazin-2-carboxamide, 3-derivatives hydrazinopyrazin-2- carboxamide, 2-derivatives isonikotinoylhydrazinkarboxylate, benzoxazin derivatives. Group of derivatives pyrazin-2-carboxamide, which is substituted by low alkyl (-CH3) in the position 5 of pyrazin, and in which is nitrogen of amid group subtituted by the phenyl with electronegative group (-CF3,-F,-Cl,-OH) or with hydroxy group in position m, showed higher...
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Detection of methicillin - resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in Hospital České Budějovice, a. s. and in University Hospital Hradec Králové
Polenová, Lucie ; Paterová, Pavla (advisor) ; Hobzová, Lenka (referee)
Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Student: Bc. Lucie Polenová Supervisor: MUDr. Pavla Paterová Title of diploma thesis: Detection of methicillin - resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in Hospital České Budějovice, a. s. and in University Hospital Hradec Králové The resistance of microbes to antibiotics belongs to worldwide health problems. Infections, which are caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), occur mainly in hospitals. It is because of incorrect and excesive consumption of antibiotics. Insufficient observance of hygienic-epidemiological measures helps to spread resistant strains. Background: The aim of the study was to determine the incidence of MRSA strains in two Czech hospitals - in Hospital České Budějovice, a.s. and in University Hospital Hradec Králové. To compare results with figures in the previous years and sort isolated strains by different characteristics in both hospitals. Methods: Results of the study are based on retrospective data analysis from electronic database. All data from hospitalized patients or outpatients during 1.1.2015 - 31.12.2015 with isolation of MRSA were counted. Processing and cultivation of isolates were made by standard microbiology measures. Strains,...
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Sepsis in newborne
Baláčková, Šárka ; Voxová, Barbora (advisor) ; Paterová, Pavla (referee)
Author: Šárka Baláčková Title: Septic states of newborns Bachelor thesis Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Field of study: medical laboratory technician Background: The aim of the work was to sample information on the issue of septic states of newborns, to describe laboratory diagnosis of examining neonatal sepsis. To map rate of the most common pathogens causing this illness in Masarykova hospital in Ústí nad Labem. Method: Tracking of sampled blood cultures at neonatal department between years 2011- 2015. Comparison of total amount of blood cultures with the amount of positive blood cultures and the rate of particular pathogens causing neonatal sepsis. Results: During the reporting period were collected a 5271 blood cultures to total count. 1047 of those were positive, making it 20 %. The most prominent causes of neonatal sepsis is above all coagulase-negative Staphylococcus with the count of 801 occurrences, which is 76,5 %. Followed by Gram-negative facultative anaerobic rods with 103 occurrences (10,8 %), Anaerobic bacteria with 48 counts (4,6 %), Enterococcus species with 31 counts (3%), Staphylococcus aureus with 26 counts (2,5 %), Streptococcus species with 21 counts (2 %) and Yeasts with 7 counts (0,7 %). Conclusions: Neonatal septic state is a serious...
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Evaluation of activity of potentional antifungal substances through the use of microdilution broth method I.
Štvrtecká, Jana ; Vejsová, Marcela (advisor) ; Paterová, Pavla (referee)
Jana Štvrtecká Evaluation of activity of potentional antifungal substances through the use of microdilution broth method I Diploma thesis Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralové Medical bioanalytic_____________________________________________________ The aim of this thesis is to evaluate the potencial in vitro antifungal activity of selected drugs synthetised on the Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Drug Control and on the Department of Anorganic and Organic Chemismy on the Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec králové. For drug testing was used the microdilution broth method. The tested compounds were tested on followed five yeast strains and three filamentous fungi models which are pathogenic for humans: Candida albicans ATCC 44859, Candida tropicalis 156, Candida krusei E28, Candida glabrata 20/I, Trichosporon beigelii 1188, Aspergillus fumigatus 231, Absidia corymbifera 272, Trichophyton mentagrophytes 445. 80 compounds were divided into 10 groups accorging to their chemical structures: anilides of pyrazin carboxyl acids, arylamin pyrazines, pyrazin carboxyl acid esters, pyrazine-2,3-dinitriles, benzoxazepin-diones, diamides, styryl benzoxazoles, derivatives of (Z)-5-arylmethyliden-2-thioxothiazolidin-4-on, ester derivatives of cholesterol and alcan acids and...
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Diagnostics of malaria
Červinková, Pavla ; Paterová, Pavla (advisor) ; Voxová, Barbora (referee)
Pavla Červinková Diagnostics of malaria Bachelor thesis Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Medical Laboratory Technician This work is a literary review in the field of malaria disease, which is caused by a protozoan of the genus Plasmodium. The first part describes malaria from the perspective of history, agents, the way of transmission and development cycle of agents. In the first half of the work are also included groups of people who are more or less susceptible to the malaria infection. In the second part of the work are summerized current trends of diagnostics in the Czech republic and in the malaria regions, worldwide distribution including the Czech republic and current possibilities of antimalarial prevention, treatment and resistence to antimalarial drugs. In conclusion are summarized the most important findings of the above sub-themes, which I completed in a discussion about my opinions. Keywords: diagnostics, malaria
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HIV - development of diagnostics
Kořínková, Martina ; Paterová, Pavla (advisor) ; Lesná, Jiřina (referee)
Author: Martina Kořínková Title: HIV - development of diagnostics Bachelor's thesis The Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Field of Study: Healthcare Bioanalytics, medical laboratory technician Background: The main objective is to write information about HIV since its discovery through the clinical picture, treatment, effective prevention methods, methods of laboratory diagnosis and clarification of its development. Main findings: This work deals with the HIV virus, which was discovered in the eighties of the 20th century and causes AIDS. AIDS remains incurable, despite all the efforts of research teams. Thanks to modern medicines is life with HIV / AIDS more comfortable. The number of cases of HIV infection in Czech Republic and in the world is growing each year. The most effective fight against this infection is still epidemiological preventive and repressive measures. Relatively soon after the discovery of the virus specific laboratory diagnostics has been found. ELISA tests are becoming central domain of the diagnosis, even though over the years has undergone several modifications. For the diagnosis of the disease is important direct and indirect laboratory diagnostics, indirect methods of diagnosis, based on the detection of antibodies, which is used the most....
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