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Study of skin barrier defects by lipid monolayers
Nováčková, Anna ; Školová, Barbora (advisor) ; Vraníková, Barbora (referee)
Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmaceutical Technology Author: Anna Nováčková Supervisor: Mgr. Barbora Školová, Ph.D. Title of thesis: Study of skin barrier defects by lipid monolayers Ceramides (Cer) together with free fatty acids and cholesterol form the intercellular space of the uppermost skin layer, the stratum corneum (SC). This lipid matrix presents the skin barrier, which protects human organism from environmental factors (endogenous substances, physical radiation) as well as prevents the body from water loss. Cer are synthetized from polar precursors: glucosylated Cer (GCer) and sphingomyelins by splitting the polar part by the hydrolytic enzymes β-glucocerebrosidase (β-GCer-ase) and sphingomyelinase. A lack of these enzymes leads to accumulation of precursors and a non-functional skin barrier is formed. The goal of this work was to study the β-GCer-ase defects by monolayer lipid models of the SC. The impact of GCer quantity on lipids organisation was evaluated by several techniques (Langmuir monolayers at the gas-liquid interface, Brewster angle microscopy and atomic force microscopy). At the gas - liquid interface mixtures with precursor do not organise spontaneously at lower surface pressures (1.5 mN/m). However, with increasing...
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Study of substances affecting permeability of the skin barrier
Nováčková, Anna ; Zbytovská, Jarmila (advisor) ; Cvačka, Josef (referee) ; Doležal, Pavel (referee)
Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Department of Pharmaceutical Technology Candidate Mgr. Anna Nováčková Supervisor doc. Mgr. Jarmila Zbytovská, Dr. rer. nat. Title of Doctoral Thesis Study of substances affecting permeability of the skin barrier The skin barrier plays a vital role in protecting the human body and enables mammals' life on dry land. The epidermis has the primary barrier function due to several cells' layers, which gradually differentiate to their final stage, the stratum corneum (SC). SC is formed by stratified keratinocytes (known as corneocytes) surrounded by a lipid matrix. This intercellular matrix consists of an approximately equimolar ratio of ceramides, free fatty acids and cholesterol. These are particular substances formed in the epidermis from their precursors during the keratinocyte's differentiation, and their arrangement into the multilamellar structure is essential for the impermeability of the skin barrier. However, some substances or factors can disrupt the skin barrier. It is usually an undesirable process of lipid disbalance resulting in disorders or diseases of the skin barrier. On the other hand, specific substances have been developed for a reversible disruption of the skin barrier (so-called enhancers) to allow drug...
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Study of substances affecting permeability of the skin barrier
Nováčková, Anna ; Zbytovská, Jarmila (advisor) ; Cvačka, Josef (referee) ; Doležal, Pavel (referee)
Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Department of Pharmaceutical Technology Candidate Mgr. Anna Nováčková Supervisor doc. Mgr. Jarmila Zbytovská, Dr. rer. nat. Title of Doctoral Thesis Study of substances affecting permeability of the skin barrier The skin barrier plays a vital role in protecting the human body and enables mammals' life on dry land. The epidermis has the primary barrier function due to several cells' layers, which gradually differentiate to their final stage, the stratum corneum (SC). SC is formed by stratified keratinocytes (known as corneocytes) surrounded by a lipid matrix. This intercellular matrix consists of an approximately equimolar ratio of ceramides, free fatty acids and cholesterol. These are particular substances formed in the epidermis from their precursors during the keratinocyte's differentiation, and their arrangement into the multilamellar structure is essential for the impermeability of the skin barrier. However, some substances or factors can disrupt the skin barrier. It is usually an undesirable process of lipid disbalance resulting in disorders or diseases of the skin barrier. On the other hand, specific substances have been developed for a reversible disruption of the skin barrier (so-called enhancers) to allow drug...
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Formulation of Imiquimod loaded liposomes in the presence of dendrimers
Štěpničková, Tereza ; Paraskevopoulos, Georgios (advisor) ; Nováčková, Anna (referee)
Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmaceutical Technology Supervisor: Dr. Georgios Paraskevopoulos, Ph.D. Consultant: Eleni Panoutsopoulou Author: Tereza Štěpničková Title of the thesis: Formulation of Imiquimod loaded liposomes in the presence of dendrimers Dendritic molecules, as highly branched polymers, are very attractive nanosystems for broad biomedical applications. Their specific properties include the ability to increase transdermal permeation of active ingredients as well as the ability to increase the water solubility of poorly soluble drugs. The main purpose of this thesis was the utilization of dendrimers to raise the concentration of the chemoterapeutic drug imiquimod inside liposomal formulations. Solutions of dendritic molecules zero, first, second and third generation were prepared, each at concentrations of 5 mg/ml and 10 mg/ml. These were subsequently used for the hydration of thin film lipid during the preparation of liposomes with the encapsulated drug. Two methods of the incorporation of imiquimod to liposomes were used. The first method represented insertion of the drug to lipids, the second was dissolution of the drug in the dendrimer solution. The concentration of encapsulated imiquimod, including the encapsulation efficacy, was...
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Study of skin barrier defects by lipid monolayers
Nováčková, Anna ; Školová, Barbora (advisor) ; Vraníková, Barbora (referee)
Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmaceutical Technology Author: Anna Nováčková Supervisor: Mgr. Barbora Školová, Ph.D. Title of thesis: Study of skin barrier defects by lipid monolayers Ceramides (Cer) together with free fatty acids and cholesterol form the intercellular space of the uppermost skin layer, the stratum corneum (SC). This lipid matrix presents the skin barrier, which protects human organism from environmental factors (endogenous substances, physical radiation) as well as prevents the body from water loss. Cer are synthetized from polar precursors: glucosylated Cer (GCer) and sphingomyelins by splitting the polar part by the hydrolytic enzymes β-glucocerebrosidase (β-GCer-ase) and sphingomyelinase. A lack of these enzymes leads to accumulation of precursors and a non-functional skin barrier is formed. The goal of this work was to study the β-GCer-ase defects by monolayer lipid models of the SC. The impact of GCer quantity on lipids organisation was evaluated by several techniques (Langmuir monolayers at the gas-liquid interface, Brewster angle microscopy and atomic force microscopy). At the gas - liquid interface mixtures with precursor do not organise spontaneously at lower surface pressures (1.5 mN/m). However, with increasing...
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Eating habits of patients with metabolic syndrome
NOVÁČKOVÁ, Anna
Metabolic syndrome (syndrome X, Reaven's syndrome) is frequently occurring disease in Czech Republic. The diagnosis often detected only separated parts of metabolic syndrome which are usually not connected with complex of MS. Medical conditions co-occurred within this syndrome are following: elevated fasting plasma glucose (insulinoresistance), abdominal (central) obesity (women waistline > 88 cm, men waistline > 102 cm), elevated blood pressure, high serum triglycerides (> 1,7 mmol/l), and low high-density cholesterol (HDL) levels (women 1,25 mmol/l, men 1,0 mmol/l). The incidence of MS can be divided into the prevalence of MS itself (this correspond with 30%) and the prevalence of each individual part of MS which correspond with 80% population. The most frequently reasons of MS are so called environmental impacts as e.g. central obesity, insulinoresustance syndrome, fatty liver, systemic inflammation, intestinal alterations, hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, foetal malnutrition, low basal energetic outcome, sleep apnoea syndrome, changes of gut flora, hyperglycaemia and cumulation of visceral fat. This bachelor´s work is concerned with eating habits, life style and other factors which could be reason of described metabolic syndrome. The aim of this study is evaluation of eating habits and life style of patients suffered from MS before syndrome outbreak, as well as participation of obesity in MS outbreak assessment. Two explorative questions were formulated on the basis of described goals: First research question: Did the MS patients follow principles of healthy eating before syndrome outbreak? Second research question: Does obesity have a significant effect on MS outbreak? Definition and characterization of MS in relation to diet is described in theoretical part of my work as well as explanation for reasons of MS outbreak, descriptions of each separated diseases of MS complex and their treatment. Metabolic syndrome in connection with obesity and its classification into each level is defined inthis part. Obesity treatment together with prevention and treatment of MS are suggested in terminal part of this section. In practical part of work, the results of own research are presented. This section is focused on: 5. evaluation of eating habits before MS outbreak; 6. obesity incidence in MS patients; 7. patient´s life style; 8. the presence of individual diseases participate in MS. Research part of my bachelor´s work is prepared with using of quantitative assessment, which was done by questionnaire investigation in southbohemian and westbohemian region. Research population consists of thirty gender-nonspecific and age various patients diagnosed as having MS. The research questions were focused on mapping of respondent´s eating habits, life style (smoking, movement activity, daily eating portions and breakfast regularity), previous and current illnesses as well as diseases of respondent´s relations. The aim of described investigation was evaluation of obesity, life style and diet participations in MS outbreak. The results did not prove observance of healthy eating principles in MS patients before and after syndrome outbreak, while most of respondents were overweight or obesity. It can be assumed that genetic predispositions play role in MS outbreak. Additionally, very interesting is detected occurrence of MS in many individuals younger then forty years old. The present work extended the knowledge about risk factors of MS outbreak together with eating habits, obesity and MS outbreak connections. When reasons of MS seem to be more clear, it is easier to establish new more effective prevention. On the basis of the results, it can be arranged diet suggestions useable as effective prevention of MS outbreak.
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