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The use of sheepdogs in sheep breeding
Venhodová, Hana ; Toušová, Renata (advisor) ; Nohejlová, Lenka (referee)
In my bachelor's thesis I give an overview of sheep farming and grazing using sheepdogs. In the first part, I focus on rearing sheep -- especially on the characteristics of types and breeds reared for profit, on nutrition, housing and grazing. In the second part, I focus on rearing sheepdogs, especially on their characteristics and selected breeds, choice of pups, upbringing, care, and problem behaviour. I have tried to point out the differences in temperament and type of sheepdogs compared with regularly reared dog breeds. Sheep farming has a long tradition in the Czech Republic and remains an important sector of livestock production. The importance of sheep farming lies mainly in the versatile usableness of sheep (meat, milk, wool and by-products, e.g. manure) and, in the recent years, also in ecological farming. Sheep are being reared in sheepfolds or adapted buildings. Sheep are typical grazing animals. There are various grazing systems: set stocking, paddock grazing, strip grazing, and grazing of sheep in combination with other farm animals. To feed sheep, we usually either let them graze or -- in the winter -- feed them hay; alternatively we use sillage, high-energy feeds or root crops. There are a large number of breeds of sheep used for grazing. Based on their purpose, we distinguish combined breeds (e.g. Merino, Merinolandschaf, Tsigai), meat- (e.g. Suffolk, Charollais, Texel) and milk-breeds (e.g. East Friesian sheep), and prolific breeds (e.g. Romanov sheep). Both pure breeding and crossbreeding are being used. Together with the return to sheep grazing, breeders are increasingly using sheepdogs for the protection of their herds. A sheepdog can independently guard a herd and its constant presence deters predators, stray dogs and thieves. Sheepdogs live with herds on pastures. The breeds used include Bernese Mountain Dog, Caucasian, Anatolian Shepherd Dog and Central Asian Shepherd Dog. These dogs are strong and massive, confident, and fearless even when facing large predators. These breeds have no tests of performance so we choose pups from litters where the parents work and use their instincts on a daily basis. These dogs have genetic dispositions for guarding and only need time for the development of their skills. Training sheepdogs is therefore focused primarily on managing unwanted behaviour and upbringing near herds of sheep so that the dog can form a strong bond with sheep.
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Using of Llamas in Agroturism and Zootherapy
Šťastná, Aneta ; Fantová, Milena (advisor) ; Nohejlová, Lenka (referee)
This thesis is focused on variability, opportunities and the use of llamas in business. The aim of this study is to desribe and analyse the issue, include and cover the legal standards required for use in practice and to desribe and compare the already operating businesses of this nature, as in Czech Republic, as in other countries. I focused primaly on aplication of the legislation of the Czech Republic into practise and on a wide range of options in usage and training of llamas for both healthy and handicaped clients. The benefit of this thesis is to outline all aspects relevant to the use of llamas, such as llamatrekking or llamatherapy.
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Issues of llamas breeding
Lindová, Alžběta ; Fantová, Milena (advisor) ; Nohejlová, Lenka (referee)
This literature search deals with breading llamas. At first, it focuses on taxonomy of llamas, which follows the classification of Wilson and Reeder (2005).
The development of camel family is described in the chapters called Origins and Domestication, including their gradual migration. In this chapter there are also mentioned different views on domestication, which happend from guanaco to llama and from vicugna to alpaca. This claim was confirmed by DNA analysis.
The parts called Species and Standards of Llamas are featuring about physical characteristics, distribution, enviroment, way of life, reproduction, nutrition of llamas (Including specifics of guanaco and subspecies).
Technology and breeding techniques are dealing with fencing and animal housing, which has to be free. Llamas are modesty but need specific conditons of breeding. The conditions of breeding llamas and camels are defined in the Decree no. 346/2006 Coll. (Anex no. 5 The determination of breeding animals).
Another part of this research work is dedicated to the digesteve system of llamas (the non ruminants). It is focusing on the need and importance of proteins, minerals, vitamins, seeds, water, pasture and hay.
Reproduction of llamas describes its own reproduction. It is the only even toed ungulates mating lying down. Hereafter there are defined the most common ways of determing gestation period, gestation in different species and delivery (the delivery takes part mostly in the morning hours).
Following chapter is discussing the topic Care of baby. Also there is mentioned the percentage of componets of colostrum and milk.
The wool produced by a llama is very soft, lanolin free, hypoallergenic, odorless and shiny. All the characteristics of wool, physical and chemical contens of wool are dealt in the chapter called The production of wool and its facturing. The most valuable wool is the wool from vicugna.
The penultimate section, another use of llamas, describes breeding of llamas for meat production, which is rich in proteins, as well as the use of their leather and fur, fiber (wool) and fertilizer, which does not pollute the environment and there is no danger of burning of plants. Mainly male llamas are used for transporting of loads. The llama is also an excellent animal for pulling carts. Llamas are suitable for animal therapy.
The last chapter deals with the llama as a guardian animal. Llamas are increasingly used to protect sheep, deer, cattle, goats, ducks and geese from predators.
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Ethology of Llamas
Hojerová, Tereza ; Fantová, Milena (advisor) ; Nohejlová, Lenka (referee)
The bachelor thesis deals with the issue of ethology llamas and alpacas. In the first part is described ethology. The main part of presents natural behavior of the llamas and alpacas and changes caused by breeding conditions. At the end of this bachelor thesis is the comparison of ethology of llamas with ethology of sheep and goats. In conclusion are given the appropriate conditions for the breeding of llamas and alpacas.
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Problematics of meat sheep breeds
Picurová, Daniela ; Ptáček, Martin (advisor) ; Nohejlová, Lenka (referee)
Bachelor´s degree thesis has been elaborated as a literature review of accessible specialised sources. It dealt with a sum of recent findings concerning the breeding the meat-producing races of the sheep, which is rapidly developing after 1990.
Introduction established the structure of sheep races bred in the Czech republic and their classification according to the production performance. The thesis is focused on meat-producing races of the sheep, the most important among them being characterised verbosely. Within the frame of the thesis topic, the performance features were defined. The main part of the thesis dealt with the meat production performance and breed reproduction, which affect the breeding economy.
The aim of the thesis was to determine the major factors influencing reproduction and production properties of the breeding material. We have found out, according to specialised literature, that breed, sex, number of lambs per brood and the fattening manner produced the significant effects on the live weight of lambs. The body condition score of mothers had no significant effect in the time of gravidity. The results of the studies indicate that live weight of mothers, age of mothers and lambing season affect significantly the vitality of lambs and their growing disposition consequently the breed economy. Based on the available literature it seems to be an interesting issue early breed ewe lambs, a category that has not been adequately studied. It would therefore be potentially interesting to examine this issue further.
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