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Individual and systemic factors as a cause for emotional detachment in Dutch novels of the millennial generation
Nedvědová, Tereza ; Krýsová, Anna (advisor) ; Phillips, Anna (referee)
Tereza Nedvědová Individual and systemic factors as the cause of emotional alienation in Dutch novels of the millennial generation Abstract This bachelor thesis deals with individual and systemic factors that cause emotional alienation in Dutch novels of the millennial generation. It is based on the theory of the book Affectieve crisis, literair herstel by Hans Demeyer and Sven Vitse, where the cause of alienation is identified as the dysfunctional world and late capitalist society. This work complements the theory by defining another category of causes, namely individual factors that affect the characters on a personal level. It uses novels representing the Dutch generation of millennials, Gebrek is een groot woord by Nina Polak and De avond is ongemak by Marieke Lucas Rijneveld, the latter having been awarded the International Booker Prize 2020. These novels appear in the corpus of Demeyer and Vitse but their interpretation needs to be supplemented by individual factors. The study analyzes the causes of emotional alienation on systemic and individual levels and points to the importance of interpreting the motifs of the text, which would not be considered if one were to follow only the theory of Demeyer and Vitse. This work thus draws attention to the complexity of the individual's experience, who faces...
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Intercellular interactions in malignant melanoma
Nedvědová, Tereza ; Dvořánková, Barbora (advisor) ; Brábek, Jan (referee)
Melanomas are one of the most aggressive types of tumours, with increasing incidence, high mortality and high potential to metastasize to a variety of diverse locations. The aim of this thesis was to study the tumour as a complex structure consisting not only of tumour cells but also of tumour stroma. Stromal cells play a major role in cancer biology. This is well documented for example in squamous cell epithelium tumours of the head and neck. Similar mechanisms can be expected to occur in melanomas. In the first experiment, we simulated the conditions in vivo during the metastatic process and studied the influence of non-adhesive environment both with and without the influence of stromal fibroblasts. The presented data demonstrates a change of tumour cells' phenotype leading to increased plasticity of the melanoma cells in these conditions. It also indicates the crucial role of stromal fibroblasts in interactions with melanoma cells. Cancer cell lines show variability in their behaviour, which is in accordance with well-known melanoma heterogeneity in clinical practice. The previous experiments in our laboratory indicate that cancer associated fibroblasts are able to influence the phenotype of a tumour cell line and this effect is based on a tumour type-unspecific mechanism. In the second part of...
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Molecular subgroups of medulloblastoma: the current consensus
Jarošová, Šárka ; Zíková, Martina (advisor) ; Nedvědová, Tereza (referee)
Medulloblastoma is the most common malignant brain tumor in children. In recent years, there has been a steady improvement in understanding of genetic and molecular heterogeneity of this tumor, that has led to better prognosis and improved targeted therapies. This thesis summarizes recent advances in molecular sub-grouping, and the associated gene mutation and copy number variations in medulloblastoma.
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Intercellular interactions in malignant melanoma
Nedvědová, Tereza ; Dvořánková, Barbora (advisor) ; Brábek, Jan (referee)
Melanomas are one of the most aggressive types of tumours, with increasing incidence, high mortality and high potential to metastasize to a variety of diverse locations. The aim of this thesis was to study the tumour as a complex structure consisting not only of tumour cells but also of tumour stroma. Stromal cells play a major role in cancer biology. This is well documented for example in squamous cell epithelium tumours of the head and neck. Similar mechanisms can be expected to occur in melanomas. In the first experiment, we simulated the conditions in vivo during the metastatic process and studied the influence of non-adhesive environment both with and without the influence of stromal fibroblasts. The presented data demonstrates a change of tumour cells' phenotype leading to increased plasticity of the melanoma cells in these conditions. It also indicates the crucial role of stromal fibroblasts in interactions with melanoma cells. Cancer cell lines show variability in their behaviour, which is in accordance with well-known melanoma heterogeneity in clinical practice. The previous experiments in our laboratory indicate that cancer associated fibroblasts are able to influence the phenotype of a tumour cell line and this effect is based on a tumour type-unspecific mechanism. In the second part of...
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Tumor microenvironment: Cancer-associated fibroblasts and their biological function in tumors derived from squamous epithelium
Nedvědová, Tereza ; Kodet, Ondřej (advisor) ; Brábek, Jan (referee)
The incidence of carcinomas originating from squamous cell epithelium increases with population ageing as well as in younger people. The treatment is demanding for both the patient and whole health system. For the successful therapy, there is a need to understand the development and spreading of the tumor to target them specifically. Tumors consist of tumor stroma and malignant cells. Cancer cells are organized in a hierarchic order and the major problem are cancer stem cells. Adult stem cells are defined as cells with the capacity to self-renew as well as the ability to generate differentiated cells within the tumor. Resistance to targeted therapy can improve survival of these cells and is responsible for cancer relapse. Tumor stroma constitutes another important part of tumor. It is composed of non-cancer cells and extracellular matrix and has become recognized as a major factor in cancer growth and metastation. The stroma includes vascular and immune cells and especially cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs). These cells are not malignant per se, nevertheless their role in supporting cancer growth and survival is important, so they have become an attractive target for treatment. There are several hypotheses made to explain the origin of CAFs. The question is whether the origin of all CAFs in one...
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