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Analysis breeding of Holstein cattle
Matěnová, Lenka ; Toušová, Renata (advisor) ; Jan, Jan (referee)
The aim of bachelor´s thesis was to carry out the analysis of Holstein cattle farming in a selected farm. I carried out the analysis in Agricultural corporation Svobodné Company that farms in Hradec Králové region in the district town of Trutnov.
The company farms about 925 hectares of agricultural soil. Arable land is on 529 hectares and 400 hectares is for permanent grass cover. The main content of crop production is forage produce for livestock farming. Livestock farming is aimed at the red Holstein cattle farming. The herd was made by crossbreeding in 1996 from the Czech Straka. There are 270 milch cows in this company.
The first part is focuded on the theoretical interpretation of milch cow farming problems. I focused on the characteristics of breed, efficiency, reproduction, technology of milking and lairage, nutrition and feeding and the most common milch cow´s health problems. The monitored period was from October 2014 to September 2015. Data were derivated from the efficiency monitoring.
During the monitored period was closed up 253 lactations set by the norm. The efficiency was 8 677 kilograms of milk with 4,44 % of fat and 3,51 % of proteins. Heifer milked 7 630 kilograms with 4,81 % of fat and 3,56 % of proteins. The milking house is designed as 2 x 8 by the Farmatec Company, with twice a day milking. The average efficiency for connected milch cow was 24,4 kilograms, for contolled milch cow 26,5 kilograms of milk. The problem is the high value of the body cells and cloven hooves problems are connected to it. There is more than 10 % of milch cows where the limit has overcome one million of the body cells. High body cells are occured by the calved heifers as well that should be decreasing the other way around. These are not able to compensate mammary gland destruction. That is the reason of their efficiency decrease. In February cooperation with Eurofarm Company started to improve milch cows preparations and the hygiene before milking. There is a bacteriological screening for resistence to antibiotic once a year.
Another problem is reproduction results. Success rate in the process of calf pregnant was 29,7 %. The insemination interval was 73, intervening time 402 and service period 122 days. The intervening time length is suitable. It is necessary to realise that these cows are high utility milch cows these are suffer from the risk of NEB (negative energy bilance) in a few first weeks. That´s why they work into from the 60th day. In the end of the lactation period they milk over 25 kilograms. It is the reason for longer intervening time.
Heifers are worked into for the first time in 14 months.
Health state of the herd is at a high level quality. Calves mortalities is beeing kept below 2 % in the long term. There is a long time bad health state of cloven hooves by the milch cows. The most frequent diseases are ulcers and dermatitis. These diseases hurt cows and the pains influence the utility and the rutting symptoms in a negative way.
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